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Despicable Discernible Feasible Formidable Gullible Irascible Malleable Mobile Ostensible Palatable Palpable Redoubtable Remediable Venerable Voluble Vulnerable Aboriginal Banal Chimerical Colossal Convivial Elegiac Ephemeral Ethereal Funereal Infinitesimal Inimical Ironical Lethal Mercurial Menial Noncommittal Palatial Pestilential Primordial Prodigal Quizzical Tautological Venial Venal Whimsical Fustian Stentorian Adamant Blatant Clairvoyant Dormant Errant Extant Flagrant Itinerant Piquant Petulant Puissant Rampant Recalcitrant Redundant Verdant Jocular Insular Titular Alimentary Ancillary Arbitrary Auxiliary Desultory Dilatory Exemplary Mercenary Obligatory Perfunctory Predatory Salutary Celibate Cognate Consummate Word

Despicable

• / dɪˈspɪkəbəl/
• de: down spic: spy, look

  (v.) despise

• deserving to be despised : so worthless or obnoxious as to rouse moral indignation

  CONTEMPTIBLE, DESPICABLE, PITIABLE, SORRY, SCURVY mean arousing or deserving scorn.

  • CONTEMPTIBLE may imply any quality provoking scorn or a low standing in any scale of values a contemptible liar
  • DESPICABLE may imply utter worthlessness and usually suggests arousing an attitude of moral indignation a despicable crime
  • PITIABLE applies to what inspires mixed contempt and pity a pitiable attempt at tragedy
  • SORRY may stress pitiable inadequacy or may suggest wretchedness or sordidness this rattletrap is a sorry excuse for a car
  • SCURVY adds to DESPICABLE an implication of arousing disgust a scurvy crew of hangers-on
• 可鄙的,卑劣的
• It's despicable the way he treats those kids. a despicable act of terrorism
• estimable <> contemptible
  • estimable (estimate，esteem，/ ˈestəməbəl /) capable of being estimated 可估價的 worthy of esteem 可敬的

    esteem to view as: CONSIDER 認為,視為 THINK, BELIEVE 相信 to set a high value on : regard highly and prize accordingly 尊重,尊敬

    estimate 估計,估量，評價;判斷

    • to judge tentatively or approximately the value, worth, or significance of
    • to determine roughly the size, extent, or nature of
    • to produce a statement of the approximate cost of
    • JUDGE, CONCLUDE
• despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard = redoubtable : awe, regard = venerable : reverence = reverential : dereference = exemplary : imitation

  = culpable : blame = credible : belief, trust = notable : attention = reprehensible : censure (~able 類比) (正面性質)

  • scorn reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy 輕蔑;藐視 (同義字見上 despise 之同義字)
  • disregard (dis: not regard) 不理會,不顧;漠視;不尊重
  • reverence (revere to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of great honor 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏) (同義字見下 deference 之同義字)
    • (n.) honor or respect felt or shown : DEFERENCE; especially: profound adoring awed respect 敬愛,崇敬;敬畏
    • (n.) a gesture of respect (as a bow 敬禮,鞠躬
    • (n.) the state of being revered 尊嚴;威望
    • (v.) to regard or treat with reverence 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏

  • reverential (/ ˌrevəˈrenʆəl/) expressing or having a quality of reverence，inspiring reverence 虔誠的;可尊敬的
  • deference (/ ˈdefərəns /) respect and esteem due a superior or an elder; also: affected or ingratiating regard for another's wishes 敬意,尊敬;服從;遵從

    HONOR, HOMAGE, REVERENCE, DEFERENCE mean respect and esteem shown to another.

    • HONOR may apply to the recognition of one's right to great respect or to any expression of such recognition the nomination is an honor
    • HOMAGE adds the implication of accompanying praise paying homage to Shakespeare
    • REVERENCE implies profound respect mingled with love, devotion, or awe great reverence for my father
    • DEFERENCE implies a yielding or submitting to another's judgment or preference out of respect or reverence showed no deference to their elders
  • culpable meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or harmful 該責備的;有罪的

    BLAMEWORTHY, BLAMABLE, GUILTY, CULPABLE mean deserving reproach or punishment.

    • BLAMEWORTHY and BLAMABLE apply to any degree of reprehensibility conduct adjudged blameworthy，an accident for which no one is blamable
    • GUILTY implies responsibility for or consciousness of crime, sin, or, at the least, grave error or misdoing guilty of a breach of etiquette
    • CULPABLE is weaker than guilty and is likely to connote malfeasance or errors of ignorance, omission, or negligence culpable neglect
  • credible (cred: believe) offering reasonable grounds for being believed，可信的;可靠的
  • reprehensible worthy of or deserving reprehension : CULPABLE 應該指摘的

    reprehend to voice disapproval of: CENSURE 申斥;指摘

    CRITICIZE, REPREHEND, CENSURE, REPROBATE, CONDEMN, DENOUNCE mean to find fault with openly.

• despicable : value = mulish : flexibility (反面性質)
  • mulish (mule: 騾，固執，/ ˈmjuːlɪʆ /) unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate 頑固的

    OBSTINATE, DOGGED, STUBBORN, PERTINACIOUS, MULISH mean fixed and unyielding in course or purpose.

    • OBSTINATE implies usually an unreasonable persistence an obstinate proponent of conspiracy theories
    • DOGGED suggests an admirable often tenacious and unwavering persistence pursued the story with dogged perseverance
    • STUBBORN implies sturdiness in resisting change which may or may not be admirable a person too stubborn to admit error
    • PERTINACIOUS suggests an annoying or irksome persistence a pertinacious salesclerk refusing to take no for an answer
    • MULISH implies a thoroughly unreasonable obstinacy a mulish determination to have his own way

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Discernible

• / dɪˈsɜːnəbəl/
• dis: apart cern: separate 分隔開 => 分辨出

  另一 adj.: discerning

• discern (dis: apart cern: 篩)
  • a: to detect with the eyes b: to detect with senses other than vision 看出,察覺到
  • to recognize or identify as separate and distinct : DISCRIMINATE 分辨,識別;
  • to come to know or recognize mentally 認識,領悟
• 可識別的
• perspicacious <> obtuse, undiscerning
  • perspicacious (per: through spic: look，/ ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʆəs/) of acute mental vision or discernment : KEEN 有穎悟力的;有洞察力的

    SHREWD, SAGACIOUS, PERSPICACIOUS, ASTUTE mean acute in perception and sound in judgment.

    • SHREWD stresses practical, hardheaded cleverness and judgment a shrewd judge of character
    • SAGACIOUS (saga: sage) suggests wisdom, penetration, and farsightedness sagacious investors got in on the ground floor
    • PERSPICACIOUS implies unusual power to see through and understand what is puzzling or hidden a perspicacious counselor saw through the child's facade
    • ASTUTE suggests shrewdness, perspicacity, and diplomatic skill an astute player of party politics
  • obtuse (/ əbˈtjuːs/)
    • a: not pointed or acute : BLUNT 鈍的 b: of an angle: exceeding 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees 鈍角
    • lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect : INSENSITIVE, STUPID 愚鈍的
    • difficult to comprehend : not clear or precise in thought or expression 愚鈍的

      DULL, BLUNT, OBTUSE mean not sharp, keen, or acute.

      • DULL suggests a lack or loss of keenness, zest, or pungency a dull pain，a dull mind
      • BLUNT suggests an inherent lack of sharpness or quickness of feeling or perception a person of blunt sensibility
      • OBTUSE implies such bluntness as makes one insensitive in perception or imagination too obtuse to realize the remark was offensive
  • undiscerning 無辨別能力的;感覺遲鈍的
• perspicuous, conspicuous <> indiscernible
  • perspicuous (per: through spic: look，/ pɜːˈspɪkjuəs /) plain to the understanding especially because of clarity and precision of presentation 清晰明白的

    CLEAR, PERSPICUOUS, LUCID mean quickly and easily understood.

    • CLEAR implies freedom from obscurity, ambiguity, or undue complexity clear instructions
    • PERSPICUOUS applies to a style that is simple and elegant as well as clear a perspicuous style
    • LUCID suggests a clear logical coherence and evident order of arrangement a lucid explanation
  • conspicuous (spic: look，/ kənˈspɪkjuəs /)

    obvious to the eye or mind 明顯的;顯著的 attracting attention : STRIKING 引人注目的 marked by a noticeable violation of good taste

    NOTICEABLE, REMARKABLE, PROMINENT, OUTSTANDING, CONSPICUOUS, SALIENT, STRIKING mean attracting notice or attention.

    • NOTICEABLE applies to something unlikely to escape observation a piano recital with no noticeable errors
    • REMARKABLE applies to something so extraordinary or exceptional as to invite comment a film of remarkable intelligence and wit
    • PROMINENT applies to something commanding notice by standing out from its surroundings or background a doctor who occupies a prominent position in the town
    • OUTSTANDING applies to something that rises above and excels others of the same kind honored for her outstanding contributions to science
    • CONSPICUOUS applies to something that is obvious and unavoidable to the sight or mind conspicuous bureaucratic waste
    • SALIENT applies to something of significance that merits the attention given it the salient points of the speech
    • STRIKING applies to something that impresses itself powerfully and deeply upon the observer's mind or vision the region's striking poverty
  • indiscernible incapable of being discerned : not recognizable as distinct 難識別的
• discernment <> lack of insight
  • discernment the quality of being able to grasp and comprehend what is obscure : skill in discerning 洞察力;識別能力;敏銳

    DISCERNMENT, DISCRIMINATION, PERCEPTION, PENETRATION, INSIGHT, ACUMEN mean a power to see what is not evident to the average mind.

• myopic <> discerning

  myopia <> prescience

  • myopic (/ maɪˈɒpɪk/) 近視的;短視的

    myopia (/ maɪˈoʊpiə/ )

    • a condition in which the visual images come to a focus in front of the retina of the eye resulting especially in defective vision of distant objects 近視
    • a lack of foresight or discernment : a narrow view of something 目光短淺
  • prescience (pre，science: know => 看到前面 => 預知，/ˈpreʆəns/)

    foreknowledge of events: a: divine omniscience b: human anticipation of the course of events : FORESIGHT 預知;先見

• palatable : savory = discernible : manifest, obvious = audible : stentorian (~able，具有性質)
  • manifest (/ ˈmænəfest / ) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane) (飛機的船的)乘客名單;貨單

    readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight，easily understood or recognized by the mind : OBVIOUS 顯然的,明白的,清楚的

    EVIDENT, MANIFEST, PATENT, DISTINCT, OBVIOUS, APPARENT, PLAIN, CLEAR mean readily perceived or apprehended.

• perspicacious : discerning = ravishing : attractive (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)
  • perspicacious 見上反義字
  • ravishing (rav: rob => 搶走目光，/ ˈrævɪʆɪŋ /) unusually attractive, pleasing, or striking 令人陶醉的,迷人的

    ravish (rav: rob，/ ˈrævɪʆ /) a: to seize and take away by violence 搶走 b: to overcome with emotion (as joy or delight) 使陶醉,使狂喜

• caprice : whimsical = insight : discerning (正面性質)
  • caprice (/ kəˈpriːs /)
    • a sudden, impulsive, and seemingly unmotivated notion or action 突然、衝動、沒有預先動機的行動
    • a sudden usually unpredictable condition, change, or series of changes 突然、無法預測的情況、變化
    • a disposition to do things impulsively 衝動行事的個性 (任性)

      CAPRICE, WHIM, VAGARY, CROTCHET mean an irrational or unpredictable idea or desire.

      • CAPRICE stresses lack of apparent motivation and suggests willfulness by sheer caprice she quit her job
      • WHIM implies a fantastic, capricious turn of mind or inclination an odd antique that was bought on a whim
      • VAGARY stresses the erratic, irresponsible character of the notion or desire recently he had been prone to strange vagaries
      • CROTCHET implies an eccentric opinion or preference a serious scientist equally known for his bizarre crotchets

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Feasible

• / ˈfiːzəbəl /
• capable of being done or carried out

  capable of being used or dealt with successfully : SUITABLE

  REASONABLE, LIKELY

  POSSIBLE, PRACTICABLE, FEASIBLE mean capable of being realized.

  • POSSIBLE implies that a thing may certainly exist or occur given the proper conditions a possible route up the west face of the mountain
  • PRACTICABLE implies that something may be effected by available means or under current conditions a practicable route up the west face of the mountain
  • FEASIBLE applies to what is likely to work or be useful in attaining the end desired commercially feasible for mass production
• 可行的;可實行的

  可用的;合適的

  可能的;合理的

• It was no longer financially feasible to keep the community center open.
• <>: impracticable not practicable : incapable of being performed or accomplished by the means employed or at command 行不通的;不能實行的 IMPASSABLE 不能通行的

  practicable capable of being put into practice or of being done or accomplished : FEASIBLE 可行的 capable of being used : USABLE 可用的 (同義字見上)

• impracticable : effected = indemonstrable : proven (im~able 類比，反面性質)
  • effect (v.) to cause to come into being 使發生 to bring about often by surmounting obstacles : ACCOMPLISH 克服障礙實現 to put into operation 使運作

    (n.) 結果;效果;作用;要旨;意義;動產財產

  • indemonstrable incapable of being demonstrated : not subject to proof 不能證明的

    demonstrable capable of being demonstrated 可論證的 APPARENT, EVIDENT 顯而易見的

    demonstrate

    • to show clearly 展示
    • to prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence 以清楚證據、推理來論證,證明
    • to illustrate and explain especially with many examples 用實例說明解釋
    • to show or prove the value or efficiency of to a prospective buyer 向預期顧客解說價值、效能

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Formidable

• / ˈfɔːrmɪdəbəl/
• for: fear
• causing fear or awe

  difficult to defeat or deal with

• 可怕的,令人畏懼的，難以克服的,難對付的，巨大的;傑出的
• the formidable task of local government reorganization
• <>: enticing (第一定義之反義)， simple (第二定義之反義)
  • enticing 引誘的;迷人的

    entice to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desire : TEMPT 引起希望或慾望的引誘

    LURE, ENTICE, INVEIGLE, DECOY, TEMPT, SEDUCE mean to lead astray from one's true course.

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Gullible

• / ˈgʌləbəl /
• easily duped or cheated
• 易受騙的
• Plastic replicas of the Greek pottery are sold to gullible tourists.
• coward : craven = dupe : gullible (人物動作)
  • dupe (n.) one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL 容易受騙的人;容易被愚弄的人 (v.) to make a dupe of 欺騙,詐騙,愚弄

    DUPE, GULL, TRICK, HOAX mean to deceive by underhanded means.

    • DUPE suggests unwariness in the person deluded.
    • GULL stresses credulousness or readiness to be imposed on (as through greed) on the part of the victim.
    • TRICK implies an intent to delude by means of a ruse or fraud but does not always imply a vicious intent.
    • HOAX implies the contriving of an elaborate or adroit imposture in order to deceive.
• gullible : chicanery = servile : domination (容易...)
  • servile (serv: serve 有低下之意，/ ˈsɜːvaɪl/)

    of or befitting a slave or a menial position 奴隸的;卑賤的,低下的 meanly or cravenly submissive : ABJECT 奴顏卑膝的;屈從的

  • domination supremacy or preeminence over another，exercise of mastery or ruling power，exercise of preponderant, governing, or controlling influence 支配,統治,控制;優勢
• chauvinistic : patriotic = gullible : receptive, trusting = compliant : servile (程度關係)(左邊大於右邊，且一負一正)
  • patriotic (/ ˌpætriˈɒtɪk◂/) inspired by patriotism，befitting or characteristic of a patriot 愛國的

    patriotism love for or devotion to one's country 愛國心;愛國精神;愛國主義

  • receptive (receive) able or inclined to receive; especially: open and responsive to ideas, impressions, or suggestions 善於接受的;能容納的
  • trusting 相信的;信任的;輕易信任別人的
  • compliant (pli: 折彎 => 順從，/ kəmˈplaɪənt /) ready or disposed to comply : SUBMISSIVE 順從的;應允的

    comply to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a rule, or to necessity (對要求、命令等)依從,順從,遵從

  • servile 見上一類比
• vigilant : entrapped, (ambushed, waylaid) = wary : gulled, duped, cozened (避免...)
  • entrap to catch in or as if in a trap 使投羅網 to lure into a compromising statement or act 欺騙;使陷入

    CATCH, CAPTURE, TRAP, SNARE, ENTRAP, ENSNARE, BAG mean to come to possess or control by or as if by seizing.

    • CATCH implies the seizing of something in motion or in flight or in hiding caught the dog as it ran by
    • CAPTURE suggests taking by overcoming resistance or difficulty capture an enemy stronghold
    • TRAP, SNARE, ENTRAP, ENSNARE imply seizing by some device that holds the one caught at the mercy of the captor.

      TRAP and SNARE apply more commonly to physical seizing trap animals，snared butterflies with a net

      ENTRAP and ENSNARE more often are figurative entrapped the witness with a trick question，a sting operation that ensnared burglars

    • BAG implies shooting down a fleeing or distant prey bagged a brace of pheasants
  • ambush (bush: 灌木叢，/ ˈæmbʊʆ /)
    • (n.) a trap in which concealed persons lie in wait to attack by surprise 埋伏;
    • (n.) the persons stationed in ambush; also: their concealed position 設伏地點;伏兵
    • (n.) an attack especially from an ambush 伏擊
    • (v.) to station in ambush 埋伏下
    • (v.) to attack from an ambush : WAYLAY 伏擊
  • waylay (way: 路 lay: 等著 => 在路旁等著伏擊，/ weɪˈleɪ /) to lie in wait for or attack from ambush 伏擊;攔截
  • gull to take advantage of (one who is foolish or unwary) : DECEIVE 欺騙 (同義字見下 dupe 之同義字)
  • dupe (n.) one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL 容易受騙的人;容易被愚弄的人 (v.) to make a dupe of 欺騙,詐騙,愚弄

    DUPE, GULL, TRICK, HOAX mean to deceive by underhanded means.

    • DUPE suggests unwariness in the person deluded.
    • GULL stresses credulousness or readiness to be imposed on (as through greed) on the part of the victim.
    • TRICK implies an intent to delude by means of a ruse or fraud but does not always imply a vicious intent.
    • HOAX implies the contriving of an elaborate or adroit imposture in order to deceive.
  • cozen to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery 騙取,哄騙,詐騙

    CHEAT, COZEN, DEFRAUD, SWINDLE mean to get something by dishonesty or deception.

    • CHEAT suggests using trickery that escapes observation cheated me out of a dollar
    • COZEN implies artful persuading or flattering to attain a thing or a purpose always able to cozen her grandfather out of a few dollars
    • DEFRAUD stresses depriving one of his or her rights and usually connotes deliberate perversion of the truth defrauded of her inheritance by an unscrupulous lawyer
    • SWINDLE implies large-scale cheating by misrepresentation or abuse of confidence swindled of their savings by con artists
• credulous : cozen = tractable : control (容易...)
  • credulous (cred: believe，/ ˈkreddʒələs/) ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence 輕信的,易受騙的 proceeding from credulity 因輕信而產生的
  • cozen 見上一類比
  • tractable (tract: draw) capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled : DOCILE 馴良的; easily handled, managed, or wrought : MALLEABLE 易處理的

    OBEDIENT, DOCILE, TRACTABLE, AMENABLE mean submissive to the will of another.

    • OBEDIENT implies compliance with the demands or requests of one in authority obedient to the government
    • DOCILE implies a predisposition to submit readily to control or guidance a docile child
    • TRACTABLE suggests having a character that permits easy handling or managing tractable beasts of burden
    • AMENABLE suggests a willingness to yield or to cooperate either because of a desire to be agreeable or because of a natural open-mindedness amenable to new ideas
• irascible : provoked = gullible = duped (容易...)

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Irascible

• / ɪˈræsəbəl /
• ir: anger
• marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger
• 易怒的;暴躁的
• an irascible old man
• <>: affable (fa: talk，/ ˈæfəbəl /)

  being pleasant and at ease in talking to others 和藹可親的;容易親近的 characterized by ease and friendliness 友善的;慈祥的

  GRACIOUS, CORDIAL, AFFABLE, GENIAL, SOCIABLE mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse.

  • GRACIOUS implies courtesy and kindly consideration the gracious award winner thanked her colleagues
  • CORDIAL stresses warmth and heartiness our host was cordial as he greeted us
  • AFFABLE implies easy approachability and readiness to respond pleasantly to conversation or requests or proposals though wealthy, she was affable to all
  • GENIAL stresses cheerfulness and even joviality a genial companion with a ready quip
  • SOCIABLE suggests a genuine liking for the companionship of others sociable people who enjoy entertaining
• balm <> irritant
  • balm (/ bɑːm/)
    • an aromatic(aro: air 芳香的) preparation(調劑) (as a healing ointment(軟膏)) 鎮痛軟膏
    • any of several aromatic plants of the mint family; especially: LEMON BALM 薄荷一類有香味的植物
    • a spicy aromatic odor 芳香,香味
    • a soothing restorative agency 安慰(物),慰藉(物)
  • irritant (/ ˈɪrətənt /) something that irritates or excites 刺激物
• rage : irate = gush : effusive (正面性質)
  • rage (「怒氣」同義字見下 ire 之同義字)
    • a: violent and uncontrolled anger b: a fit of violent wrath (一陣)狂怒,盛怒
    • violent action (as of wind or sea) (風浪,火勢等)狂暴,肆虐
    • an intense feeling : PASSION 強烈的慾望,狂熱
    • a fad pursued with intense enthusiasm 風靡一時的事物 was all the rage
  • irate (/ ˌaɪˈreɪt/) roused to ire，arising from anger 發怒的;生氣的

    ire (/aɪr /) intense and usually openly displayed anger 憤怒

    ANGER, IRE, RAGE, FURY, INDIGNATION, WRATH mean an intense emotional state induced by displeasure.

    • ANGER, the most general term, names the reaction but in itself conveys nothing about intensity or justification or manifestation of the emotional state

      tried to hide his anger

    • IRE, more frequent in literary contexts, may suggest greater intensity than anger, often with an evident display of feeling cheeks flushed dark with ire
    • RAGE suggests loss of self-control from violence of emotion screaming with rage
    • FURY is overmastering destructive rage that can verge on madness in her fury she accused everyone around her of betrayal
    • INDIGNATION stresses righteous anger at what one considers unfair, mean, or shameful a refusal to listen that caused general indignation
    • WRATH is likely to suggest a desire or intent to revenge or punish rose in his wrath and struck his tormentor to the floor
  • gush (/ gʌʆ /) a: a sudden outpouring 迸發;發作 b: something emitted in a gushing forth 噴,湧流;噴出(或湧出)之物 an effusive display or outpouring 感情流露

    (v.) to issue copiously or violently， to emit a sudden copious flow 噴,湧,(眼淚等)湧流 to make an effusive display of affection or enthusiasm 真情流露

  • effusive (ef: ex, out fus: pour 倒 (ex: diffuse, confuse)，/ ɪˈfjuːsɪv /) excessively demonstrative 過分流露感情的
• irascible : provoked = gullible = duped (容易...)

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Malleable

• / ˈmæliəbəl /
• malle: mallet 小槌
• capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers

  a: capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences b: having a capacity for adaptive change

  PLASTIC, PLIABLE, PLIANT, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, ADAPTABLE mean susceptible of being modified in form or nature.

  • PLASTIC applies to substances soft enough to be molded yet capable of hardening into the desired fixed form

    plastic materials allow the sculptor greater freedom

  • PLIABLE suggests something easily bent, folded, twisted, or manipulated pliable rubber tubing
  • PLIANT may stress flexibility and sometimes connote springiness an athletic shoe with a pliant sole
  • DUCTILE applies to what can be drawn out or extended with ease ductile metals such as copper
  • MALLEABLE applies to what may be pressed or beaten into shape the malleable properties of gold enhance its value
  • ADAPTABLE implies the capability of being easily modified to suit other conditions, needs, or uses computer hardware that is adaptable
• 展延性的;可塑的;易適應的
• a malleable child
• <>: hard to shape
• malleable : shape = irresolute : opinion (對象類比) (此處 shape 當 n.)
  • irresolute (ir: not resolute，/ ɪˈrezəluːt /) uncertain how to act or proceed : VACILLATING 優柔寡斷的
• malleable : shape, alter, knead = combustible : ignite = friable : crumble = penetrate : permeable (容易...)
  • knead (/ niːd /)
    • to work and press into a mass with or as if with the hands 揉(麵糰、黏土等),捏
    • to manipulate or massage with a kneading motion 推拿,按摩
    • to form or shape by or as if by kneading 揉成,捏製;揉捏般形成
  • combustible (/ kəmˈbʌstəbəl /) capable of combustion 可燃的 easily excited 意激動的

    combustion (氧化) an act or instance of burning 燃燒 violent agitation : TUMULT 極度的激動;騷動;混亂

  • ignite (/ ɪgˈnaɪt /)
    • to subject to fire or intense heat; especially : to render luminous by heat 點燃,使燃燒;使灼熱;使發光
    • to heat up : EXCITE 激起;使激動
  • crumble to break into small pieces 粉碎,弄碎 to break down completely : COLLAPSE 摧毀,破壞 marriages crumble
  • penetrate
    • a: to pass into or through b: to enter by overcoming resistance : PIERCE c: to gain entrance to 穿過;刺入;透過
    • a: to see into or through b: to discover the inner contents or meaning of 看透;識破;了解;洞察
    • to affect profoundly with feeling (感情等)深入於,打動
    • to diffuse through or into 彌漫於;擴散於;滲透入

      ENTER, PENETRATE, PIERCE, PROBE mean to make way into something.

      • ENTER is the most general of these and may imply either going in or forcing a way in entered the city in triumph
      • PENETRATE carries a strong implication of an impelling force or compelling power that achieves entrance the enemy penetrated the fortress
      • PIERCE means an entering or cutting through with a sharp pointed instrument pierced the boil with a lancet
      • PROBE implies penetration to investigate or explore something hidden from sight or knowledge probed the depths of the sea
  • permeable (/ ˈpɜːmiəbəl)

    capable of being permeated : PENETRABLE; especially : having pores or openings that permit liquids or gases to pass through 有滲透性的;可穿過的

    permeate (/ ˈpɜːmieɪt/) to diffuse through or penetrate something 散佈;彌漫;滲透,透入

• malleable : plasticity = dormant : inactivity (正面性質)
  • plasticity (/plæˈstɪsəti / )
    • the quality or state of being plastic; especially: capacity for being molded or altered 可塑性;
    • the ability to retain a shape attained by pressure deformation 可塑性;
• ductility : malleable = toxicity : poisonous (正面性質)
  • ductility (/ dʌkˈtɪləti /) 延展性;柔軟性;溫順

    ductile (/ ˈdʌktl/) capable of being drawn out or hammered thin 易延展的 easily led or influenced 易教導的 capable of being fashioned into a new form 可塑的 (同義字之一)

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Mobile

• (adj.) /ˈmoʊbəl/
• capable of moving or being moved : MOVABLE

  a: changeable in appearance, mood, or purpose b: ADAPTABLE, VERSATILE

  MIGRATORY

  a :characterized by the mixing of social groups b: having the opportunity for or undergoing a shift in status within the hierarchical social levels of a society

  marked by the use of vehicles for transportation

• 可動的,移動式的,活動的，可變的;易變的，流動的，社會階級流動的
• an upwardly mobile (=moving to a higher social scale) professional
• <>: fixed

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Ostensible

• / ɒˈstensəbəl/
• osten: 表面
• intended for display : open to view

  being such in appearance : plausible rather than demonstrably true or real

  APPARENT, ILLUSORY, SEEMING, OSTENSIBLE mean not actually being what appearance indicates.

  • APPARENT suggests appearance to unaided senses that is not or may not be borne out by more rigorous examination or greater knowledge

    the apparent cause of the accident

  • ILLUSORY implies a false impression based on deceptive resemblance or faulty observation,

    or influenced by emotions that prevent a clear view an illusory sense of security

  • SEEMING implies a character in the thing observed that gives it the appearance, sometimes through intent, of something else the seeming simplicity of the story
  • OSTENSIBLE suggests a discrepancy between an openly declared or naturally implied aim or reason and the true one the ostensible reason for their visit
• 可公開的，外表的;假裝的，(看起來是真的，但不是)
• The ostensible reason for his resignation was ill health.
• <>: real

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Palatable

• / ˈpælətəbəl /
• agreeable(一致的;令人愉快的) to the palate or taste

  agreeable or acceptable to the mind

  palate (/ ˈpælət /) the roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity 上顎 a usually intellectual taste or liking 趣味;嗜好 the sense of taste 味覺

  PALATABLE, APPETIZING, SAVORY, TASTY, TOOTHSOME mean agreeable or pleasant especially to the sense of taste.

  • PALATABLE often applies to something that is found to be merely agreeable butterflies that birds find palatable
  • APPETIZING suggests a whetting of the appetite and applies to aroma and appearance as well as taste appetizing hors d'oeuvres
  • SAVORY applies to both taste and aroma and suggests piquancy and often spiciness dumplings with savory fillings
  • TASTY implies a pronounced taste a tart and tasty pie
  • TOOTHSOME stresses the notion of agreeableness and sometimes implies tenderness or daintiness an enticing array of toothsome desserts
  • ambrosial (ambrosia: 仙饌，/ æmˈbrəʊziəl/) something extremely pleasing to taste or smell 美味(芬芳)的
• 美味的，使人愉快的
• The truth, as always, is slightly less palatable.
• palatable : savory = discernible : manifest, obvious = audible : stentorian (~able，具有性質)
  • manifest (/ ˈmænəfest / ) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane) (飛機的船的)乘客名單;貨單

    readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight，easily understood or recognized by the mind : OBVIOUS 顯然的,明白的,清楚的

    EVIDENT, MANIFEST, PATENT, DISTINCT, OBVIOUS, APPARENT, PLAIN, CLEAR mean readily perceived or apprehended.

• ambrosial : taste(food) = mellifluous : sound(music) (對象類比)
  • mellifluous (melli: 當諧音「美麗」記 flu: flow 流暢，/ məˈlɪfluəs/) having a smooth rich flow 流暢的 filled with something (as honey) that sweetens 甜美的;

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Palpable

• / ˈpælpəbəl/
• palp: beat 震動 (ex: palpitate)
• capable of being touched or felt : TANGIBLE

  easily perceptible : NOTICEABLE

  easily perceptible by the mind : MANIFEST

  PERCEPTIBLE, SENSIBLE, PALPABLE, TANGIBLE, APPRECIABLE, PONDERABLE mean apprehensible as real or existent.

  • PERCEPTIBLE applies to what can be discerned by the senses often to a minimal extent a perceptible difference in sound to a careful listener
  • SENSIBLE applies to whatever is clearly apprehended through the senses or impresses itself strongly on the mind an abrupt, sensible drop in temperature
  • PALPABLE applies either to what has physical substance or to what is obvious and unmistakable the tension in the air was almost palpable
  • TANGIBLE suggests what is capable of being handled or grasped both physically and mentally no tangible evidence of UFOs
  • APPRECIABLE applies to what is distinctly discernible by the senses or definitely measurable an appreciable increase in income
  • PONDERABLE suggests having definitely measurable weight or importance exerted a ponderable influence on world events
• 可觸知的;可摸到的;極其明瞭的
• There was a palpable sense of relief among the crowd.
• <>: intangible, subtle, elliptical
  • intangible not tangible : IMPALPABLE 觸摸不到的;無形的;難以確定的,模糊的;難以理解的;

    tangible (同義字見上)

    • capable of being perceived especially by the sense of touch : PALPABLE b : substantially real : MATERIAL 可觸知的;有形的;有實體的
    • capable of being precisely identified or realized by the mind 明確的;確鑿的
    • capable of being appraised at an actual or approximate value 可被估出實際(近似)價值的
  • subtle
  • elliptical (/ ɪˈlɪptɪkəl /)
    • of, relating to, or shaped like an ellipse 橢圓的
    • of, relating to, or marked by extreme economy of speech or writing 省略的
    • of or relating to deliberate obscurity (as of literary or conversational style) 刻意模糊難解的
• palpable : touch = pliable : mold (對象類比)
  • pliable (pli: bend 折彎，/ ˈplaɪəbəl /)
    • supple enough to bend freely or repeatedly without breaking 易曲折的; yielding readily to others : COMPLAISANT 圓滑的;順從的;
    • adjustable to varying conditions 有適應性的

      PLASTIC, PLIABLE, PLIANT, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, ADAPTABLE mean susceptible of being modified in form or nature.

      • PLASTIC applies to substances soft enough to be molded yet capable of hardening into the desired fixed form

        plastic materials allow the sculptor greater freedom

      • PLIABLE suggests something easily bent, folded, twisted, or manipulated pliable rubber tubing
      • PLIANT may stress flexibility and sometimes connote springiness an athletic shoe with a pliant sole
      • DUCTILE applies to what can be drawn out or extended with ease ductile metals such as copper
      • MALLEABLE applies to what may be pressed or beaten into shape the malleable properties of gold enhance its value
      • ADAPTABLE implies the capability of being easily modified to suit other conditions, needs, or uses computer hardware that is adaptable

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Redoubtable

• / rɪˈdaʊtəbəl /
• causing fear or alarm : FORMIDABLE

  ILLUSTRIOUS, EMINENT; broadly: worthy of respect

• 可怕的;令人敬畏的;明顯的;
• He had never met a more redoubtable fighter.
• <>: unimpressive
• 類比可見 despicable 之類比

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Remediable

• / rɪˈmiːdiəbəl /
• capable of being remedied: reparable

  remedy (/ ˈremədi /)

  • (n.) a medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease 治療;治療法;藥物
  • (n.) something that corrects or counteracts 糾正;抵銷
  • (n.) the legal means to recover a right or to prevent or obtain redress for a wrong 補救(法);糾正(法)
  • (v.) to provide or serve as a remedy for : RELIEVE 醫治,治療;補救;糾正;去除(弊病等)

    CORRECT, RECTIFY, EMEND, REMEDY, REDRESS, AMEND, REFORM, REVISE mean to make right what is wrong.

    • CORRECT implies taking action to remove errors, faults, deviations, defects correct your spelling
    • RECTIFY implies a more essential changing to make something right, just, or properly controlled or directed rectify a misguided policy
    • EMEND specifically implies correction of a text or manuscript emend a text
    • REMEDY implies removing or making harmless a cause of trouble, harm, or evil set out to remedy the evils of the world
    • REDRESS implies making compensation or reparation for an unfairness, injustice, or imbalance redress past social injustices
    • AMEND, REFORM, REVISE imply an improving by making corrective changes,

      AMEND usually suggesting slight changes amend a law

      REFORM implying drastic change plans to reform the court system

      REVISE suggesting a careful examination of something and the making of necessary changes revise the schedule

• 可治療的;可補救的;可矯正的
• remediable problems
• tractable <> incorrigible, balky
  • tractable (tract: draw) capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled : DOCILE 馴良的; easily handled, managed, or wrought : MALLEABLE 易處理的

    OBEDIENT, DOCILE, TRACTABLE, AMENABLE mean submissive to the will of another.

    • OBEDIENT implies compliance with the demands or requests of one in authority obedient to the government
    • DOCILE implies a predisposition to submit readily to control or guidance a docile child
    • TRACTABLE suggests having a character that permits easy handling or managing tractable beasts of burden
    • AMENABLE suggests a willingness to yield or to cooperate either because of a desire to be agreeable or because of a natural open-mindedness amenable to new ideas
  • incorrigible (corri: correct，/ ɪnˈkɔːrədʒəbəl/) incapable of being corrected or amended 屢教不改的,不可救藥的;根深蒂固的

    as a (1): not reformable: DEPRAVED 無法革除的 (2): DELINQUENT 拖欠的 b: not manageable : UNRULY 無法管理的 c: UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE 無法改變的

  • balky
• nostrum : remedy = alchemy : science (種類類比)
  • nostrum (/ ˈnɒstrəm/)
    • a medicine of secret composition recommended by its preparer but usually without scientific proof of its effectiveness 售藥者自製的藥;誇大宣傳的成藥
    • a usually questionable remedy or scheme : PANACEA 通常有疑問的解法
  • remedy 見上
  • alchemy (/ ˈælkəmi /)
    • a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold,

      the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life 煉金術;煉丹術

    • a power or process of transforming something common into something special (將事物變得更好的)神奇力量
    • an inexplicable or mysterious transmuting 難以理解謎樣的變化
• incorrigible : reformed = inscrutable : understood (in~able 類比，反面性質)
  • incorrigible 見上
  • inscrutable not readily investigated, interpreted, or understood : MYSTERIOUS 不可理解的;不可思議的;不可測知的

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Venerable

• / ˈvenərəbəl /
• (v.) venerate
• deserving to be venerated

  made sacred especially by religious or historical association

  calling forth respect through age, character, and attainments; broadly: conveying an impression of aged goodness and benevolence

  impressive by reason of age

• (因高齡、德行)令人肅然起敬的;可尊敬的

  (因歷史、宗教的原因)神聖的,珍貴的

• a venerable tradition
• veneration <> derision the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt 嘲笑;嘲弄 His speech was greeted with derision by opposition leaders. ( blame 是陷阱答案)
• insolently : veneration = perfunctorily : inspiration (反面性質) (把左邊 adv. 轉成 adj. 看)
  • insolent (/ ˈɪnsələnt /) insultingly contemptuous in speech or conduct: OVERBEARING 傲慢的;侮慢的 exhibiting boldness or effrontery: IMPUDENT 厚顏的

    PROUD, ARROGANT, HAUGHTY, LORDLY, INSOLENT, OVERBEARING, SUPERCILIOUS, DISDAINFUL mean showing scorn for inferiors.

    • PROUD may suggest an assumed superiority or loftiness too proud to take charity
    • ARROGANT implies a claiming for oneself of more consideration or importance than is warranted a conceited and arrogant executive
    • HAUGHTY suggests a consciousness of superior birth or position a haughty aristocrat
    • LORDLY implies pomposity or an arrogant display of power a lordly condescension
    • INSOLENT implies contemptuous haughtiness ignored by an insolent waiter
    • OVERBEARING suggests a tyrannical manner or an intolerable insolence an overbearing supervisor
    • SUPERCILIOUS implies a cool, patronizing haughtiness an aloof and supercilious manner
    • DISDAINFUL suggests a more active and openly scornful superciliousness disdainful of their social inferiors

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Voluble

• / ˈvɒljubəl/
• easily rolling or turning : ROTATING

  characterized by ready or rapid speech : GLIB, FLUENT

  TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE mean given to talk or talking.

  • TALKATIVE may imply a readiness to engage in talk or a disposition to enjoy conversation a talkative neighbor
  • LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly a loquacious spokesperson
  • GARRULOUS implies prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity garrulous traveling companions
  • VOLUBLE suggests a free, easy, and unending loquacity a voluble raconteur
• 易滾動旋轉的;健談的;口若懸河般的
• Clarissa was extremely voluble on the subject of good manners.
• <>: (reticent, taciturn) (laconic, succinct)
  • CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.
  • reticent
  • laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)

    using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的

• voluble : terse = maladroit : deft (反義類比)
  • terse devoid of superfluity, POLISHED (文筆等)精練的,簡練的 a terse summary (同義字見上)
  • maladroit (mal: bad，/ ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt/) lacking adroitness : INEPT 笨拙的;不老練的

    adroit (/ əˈdrɔɪt /) having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations 靈巧的;敏捷的;熟練的

    CLEVER, ADROIT, CUNNING, INGENIOUS mean having or showing practical wit or skill in contriving.

    DEXTEROUS, ADROIT, DEFT mean ready and skilled in physical movement.

    • CLEVER stresses physical or mental quickness, deftness, or great aptitude a person clever with horses
    • ADROIT often implies a skillful use of expedients to achieve one's purpose in spite of difficulties an adroit negotiator
    • CUNNING implies great skill in constructing or creating a filmmaker cunning in his use of special effects
    • INGENIOUS suggests the power of inventing or discovering a new way of accomplishing something an ingenious software engineer
    • DEXTEROUS implies expertness with consequent facility and quickness in manipulation unrolled the sleeping bag with a dexterous toss
    • ADROIT implies dexterity but usually also stresses resourcefulness or artfulness or inventiveness

      the magician's adroit response to the failure of her prop won applause

    • DEFT emphasizes lightness, neatness, and sureness of touch or handling a surgeon's deft manipulation of the scalpel
  • deft characterized by facility and skill 靈巧的,熟練的,機敏的 (同義字見上 adroit)
• querulous : complain = voluble : talk (程度類比)
  • querulous (/ ˈkwerʊləs /) habitually complaining，FRETFUL, WHINING 愛發牢騷的;易怒的;愛挑剔的

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Vulnerable

• / ˈvʌlnərəbəl /
• vulner: wound
• capable of being physically wounded

  open to attack or damage : ASSAILABLE

• 易受傷的;易受責難的;有弱點的;難防守的
• Their theories were badly thought out and very vulnerable to ridicule.
• <>: safe, secure
• invulnerable : injury = untenable : defense (反面性質)
  • untenable not able to be defended 難以防守的,不能防守的，(論據等)站不住腳的 not able to be occupied

    tenable (ten: hold => 可把握的，站得住腳的) capable of being held, maintained, or defended : DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE (學說等)站得住腳的,經得起批判的，(陣地等)守得住的,可防守的

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Aboriginal

• / ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/
• origin
• being the first or earliest known of its kind present in a region

  NATIVE, INDIGENOUS, ENDEMIC, ABORIGINAL mean belonging to a locality.

  • NATIVE implies birth or origin in a place or region and may suggest compatibility with it native tribal customs
  • INDIGENOUS applies to species or races and adds to NATIVE the implication of not having been introduced from elsewhere maize is indigenous to America
  • ENDEMIC implies being peculiar to a region edelweiss is endemic in the Alps
  • ABORIGINAL implies having no known race preceding in occupancy of the region the aboriginal peoples of Australia
• 原住民的
• He felt that this would be a sensible preliminary to trying to negotiate with the aboriginal community.
• <>: immigrated (im: in，/ ˈɪməgreɪt /) to enter and usually become established; especially: to come into a country of which one is not a native for permanent residence 移民遷入

  emigrate (e: out，/ ˈeməgreɪt /) to leave one's place of residence or country to live elsewhere 移民遷出

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Banal

• /bəˈnæl /
• lacking originality, freshness, or novelty : TRITE

  INSIPID, VAPID, FLAT, JEJUNE, BANAL, INANE mean devoid of qualities that make for spirit and character.

  • INSIPID implies a lack of sufficient taste or savor to please or interest an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
  • VAPID suggests a lack of liveliness, force, or spirit an exciting story given a vapid treatment
  • FLAT applies to things that have lost their sparkle or zest although well-regarded in its day, the novel now seems flat
  • JEJUNE suggests a lack of rewarding or satisfying substance a jejune and gassy speech
  • BANAL stresses the complete absence of freshness, novelty, or immediacy a banal tale of unrequited love
  • INANE implies a lack of any significant or convincing quality an inane interpretation of the play
  • stale (/ steɪl /) (亦可當 v.)
    • tasteless or unpalatable from age 不新鮮的,腐壞的
    • tedious from familiarity 因熟悉而感到厭倦的
    • impaired in legal force or effect by reason of being allowed to rest without timely use, action, or demand 失時效的
    • impaired in vigor or effectiveness 疲倦的;沒精打采的
  • threadbare (thread，bare: 裸的 => 露出線頭 => 老舊的，/ ˈθredber/)
    • having the nap worn off so that the thread shows : SHABBY 衣衫襤褸的;(衣服)穿舊的,破爛的
    • exhausted of interest or freshness 老一套的,乏味的

      TRITE, HACKNEYED, STEREOTYPED, THREADBARE mean lacking the freshness that evokes attention or interest.

      • TRITE applies to a once effective phrase or idea spoiled from long familiarity "you win some, you lose some" is a trite expression
      • HACKNEYED stresses being worn out by overuse so as to become dull and meaningless all of the metaphors and images in the poem are hackneyed
      • STEREOTYPED implies falling invariably into the same pattern or form views of minorities that are stereotyped and out-of-date
      • THREADBARE applies to what has been used until its possibilities of interest have been totally exhausted a mystery novel with a threadbare plot
  • timeworn (time，worn: wear 磨損 => 經過時間磨損 => 老舊的) worn or impaired by time，AGE-OLD, ANCIENT 陳舊的 HACKNEYED, STALE 陳腔濫調的
• 平庸的;陳腐的
• I was expecting an interesting interview but he only asked a few banal questions about the weather.
• banal, trite <> unbanal, novel, arresting
  • trite (trit: 磨損，/ traɪt /) HACKNEYED or boring from much use : not fresh or original 平庸的;陳腐的 (同義字見上 threadbare)
  • novel new and not resembling something formerly known or used，original or striking especially in conception or style 新的,新穎的,新奇的 (n.) (長篇)小說
  • arresting catching the attention : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE 引人注意的;醒目的;有趣的
• banality <> freshness
• banal : originality = disjointed : coherence (缺乏類比)
  • disjointed (dis: apart joint: 結合)
    • being thrown out of orderly function 無法正常運作
    • lacking coherence or orderly sequence 無關聯的;無條理的
    • separated at or as if at the joint 脫臼的;在關聯處脫離
  • coherence (co: together here: 結合) 統一;連貫性;黏著;凝聚
    • the quality or state of cohering: as a: systematic or logical connection or consistency b: integration of diverse elements, relationships, or values
    • the property of being coherent
  • cohere (/koʊˈhɪr /)
    • a: to hold together firmly as parts of the same mass; broadly: STICK, ADHERE b: to display cohesion of plant parts 黏合,附著
    • to hold together as a mass of parts that cohere 凝聚
    • a: to become united in principles, relationships, or interests b: to be logically or aesthetically consistent (理論等)前後一致,有條理,連貫
  • coherent
    • a: logically or aesthetically ordered or integrated : CONSISTENT 一致的,協調的 b: having clarity or intelligibility : UNDERSTANDABLE 條理清楚的
    • having the quality of cohering; especially: COHESIVE, COORDINATED
    • a: relating to or composed of waves having a constant difference in phase b: producing coherent light
• platitude : banal = equivocation : ambiguous = tirade : critical (正面性質)
  • equivocation (equi: equal, voc: voice 相似的聲音 => 模稜兩可 / ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʆən/) to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive 用模稜兩可的話;含糊其辭
  • tirade (/ taɪˈreɪd/) a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, vituperative, or harshly censorious language 長篇的攻擊性演說;激烈的發言

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Chimerical

• / kaɪˈmerɪkəl/
• chimera (希臘神話吐火獸 => 妄想)
• existing only as the product of unchecked imagination: fantastically visionary or improbable

  given to fantastic schemes

  IMAGINARY, FANCIFUL, VISIONARY, FANTASTIC, CHIMERICAL, QUIXOTIC mean unreal or unbelievable.

  • IMAGINARY applies to something which is fictitious and purely the product of one's imagination an imaginary desert isle
  • FANCIFUL suggests the free play of the imagination a teller of fanciful stories
  • VISIONARY stresses impracticality or incapability of realization visionary schemes
  • FANTASTIC implies incredibility or strangeness beyond belief a fantastic world inhabited by monsters
  • CHIMERICAL combines the implication of VISIONARY and FANTASTIC chimerical dreams of future progress
  • QUIXOTIC implies a devotion to romantic or chivalrous ideals unrestrained by ordinary prudence and common sense a quixotic crusade
• 空想的;妄想的，荒誕不經的;荒唐的
• The corollary to this is the claim that bureaucracy in police stations is chimerical.
• melodrama : subtlety = chimera : authenticity (反義類比)

  a story in which people's emotions are very exaggerated : small details or differences which are not obvious = something that is not real : real

  • melodrama a work (as a movie or play) characterized by extravagant theatricality and by the predominance of plot and physical action over characterization 誇張劇
  • chimera /kaɪˈmɪərə/
    • an illusion or fabrication of the mind; especially : an unrealizable dream 妄想:

      The focus of media coverage in the popular press is implicitly working towards this chimera.

    • an imaginary creature that breathes fire and has a lion's head, a goat's body, and a snake's tail (in Greek mythology) 【希神】吐火獸;怪物

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Colossal

• / kəˈlɒsəl/
• colossus 大雕像;巨大的東西 (Colossus 希臘大雕像名)
• of, relating to, or resembling a colossus

  of a bulk, extent, power, or effect approaching or suggesting the stupendous(驚人的) or incredible

  of an exceptional or astonishing degree

  ENORMOUS, IMMENSE, HUGE, VAST, GIGANTIC, COLOSSAL, MAMMOTH mean exceedingly large.

  • ENORMOUS and IMMENSE both suggest an exceeding of all ordinary bounds in size or amount or degree,

    but ENORMOUS often adds an implication of abnormality or monstrousness an enormous expense，an immense shopping mall

  • HUGE commonly suggests an immensity of bulk or amount incurred a huge debt
  • VAST usually suggests immensity of extent the vast Russian steppes
  • GIGANTIC stresses the contrast with the size of others of the same kind a gigantic sports stadium
  • COLOSSAL applies especially to a human creation of stupendous or incredible dimensions a colossal statue of Lincoln
  • MAMMOTH suggests both hugeness and ponderousness of bulk a mammoth boulder
• 巨像的;巨像似的，巨大的;龐大的，驚人的,可觀的，少有的,異常的
• Children are failing exams and dropping out of school in colossal numbers.
• <>: infinitesimal

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Convivial

• / kənˈvɪviəl /
• con: together vivi: vigor 活力
• relating to, occupied with, or fond of feasting(盛宴款待), drinking, and good company
• 酒宴的;歡樂的;陶然自得的
• a convivial atmosphere

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Elegiac

• / ˌeləˈdʒaɪək/
• elegy a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation especially for one who is dead 哀歌,輓歌 (DIRGE, THRENODY)
• of, relating to, or comprising elegy or an elegy; especially: expressing sorrow often for something now past
• 輓歌的;哀傷的,哀悼的
• an elegiac lament for departed youth
• elegy : poem, poetry = tango : dance = dirge : music (種類類比)
• elegy : sorrow = eulogy : admiration (功用目的)
  • eulogy (eu: beautiful log: speak) a commendatory formal statement or set oration 頌詞; high praise 讚頌

    ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION mean a formal expression of praise.

    • ENCOMIUM implies enthusiasm and warmth in praising a person or a thing.
    • EULOGY applies to a prepared speech or writing extolling the virtues and services of a person.
    • PANEGYRIC suggests an elaborate often poetic compliment.
    • TRIBUTE implies deeply felt praise conveyed either through words or through a significant act.
    • CITATION applies to the formal praise accompanying the mention of a person in a military dispatch or in awarding an honorary degree.
• elegiac : sorrow = devotional : reverence (正面性質)
  • devotional (devote: 奉獻) of, relating to, or characterized by devotion 虔誠的;祈禱的，獻身的;忠誠的;專心的
  • reverence (n.) honor or respect felt or shown : DEFERENCE; 敬愛,崇敬;敬畏 (v.) to regard or treat with reverence 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏
• elegy : lament = eulogy : praise = satire : ridicule (功用目的)
  • lament (/ ləˈment /) to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively : MOURN 哀悼,為...悲痛;痛惜 to regret strongly 悲嘆;悔恨

    DEPLORE, LAMENT, BEWAIL, BEMOAN mean to express grief or sorrow for something.

    • DEPLORE implies regret for the loss or impairment of something of value deplores the breakdown in family values
    • LAMENT implies a profound or demonstrative expression of sorrow lamenting the loss of their only child
    • BEWAIL and BEMOAN imply sorrow, disappointment, or protest finding outlet in words or cries,

      BEWAIL commonly suggesting loudness, and BEMOAN lugubriousness fans bewailed the defeat，purists bemoaning the corruption of the language

  • eulogy 見上
  • satire (n.) (/ ˈsætaɪər/) a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn 諷刺文學

    WIT, HUMOR, IRONY, SARCASM, SATIRE, REPARTEE mean a mode of expression intended to arouse amusement.

    • WIT suggests the power to evoke laughter by remarks showing verbal felicity or ingenuity and swift perception especially of the incongruous a playful wit
    • HUMOR implies an ability to perceive the ludicrous, the comical, and the absurd in human life and to express these usually without bitterness a sense of humor
    • IRONY applies to a manner of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is seemingly expressed the irony of the title
    • SARCASM applies to expression frequently in the form of irony that is intended to cut or wound given to heartless sarcasm
    • SATIRE applies to writing that exposes or ridicules conduct, doctrines, or institutions either by direct criticism or more often through irony, parody, or caricature a satire on the Congress
    • REPARTEE implies the power of answering quickly, pointedly, or wittily a dinner guest noted for repartee

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Ephemeral

• / ɪˈfemərəl /
• ephemera 蜉蝣
• lasting one day only; lasting a very short time

  TRANSIENT, TRANSITORY, EPHEMERAL, MOMENTARY, FUGITIVE, FLEETING, EVANESCENT mean lasting or staying only a short time.

  • TRANSIENT applies to what is actually short in its duration or stay a hotel catering primarily to transient guests
  • TRANSITORY applies to what is by its nature or essence bound to change, pass, or come to an end fame in the movies is transitory
  • EPHEMERAL implies striking brevity of life or duration many slang words are ephemeral
  • MOMENTARY suggests coming and going quickly and therefore being merely a brief interruption of a more enduring state my feelings of guilt were only momentary
  • FUGITIVE and FLEETING imply passing so quickly as to make apprehending difficult

    let a fugitive smile flit across his face，fleeting moments of joy

  • EVANESCENT suggests a quick vanishing and an airy or fragile quality the story has an evanescent touch of whimsy that is lost in translation
• 僅有一日生命的;短暫的
• Fashion is by nature ephemeral.
• <>: permanent, perpetual
  • permanent (/ ˈpɜːmənənt/) continuing or enduring without fundamental or marked change : STABLE 永久不變的,永恆不變的;永遠的
  • perpetual (/ pərˈpetʆuəl/)
    • a: continuing forever : EVERLASTING 永久的; b(1): valid for all time 永久有效的 (2): holding (as an office) for life or for an unlimited time 終身擁有的
    • occurring continually : indefinitely long-continued 無休止的;連續不斷的
    • blooming continuously throughout the season 四季開花的

      CONTINUAL, CONTINUOUS, CONSTANT, INCESSANT, PERPETUAL, PERENNIAL mean characterized by continued occurrence or recurrence.

      • CONTINUAL often implies a close prolonged succession or recurrence continual showers the whole weekend
      • CONTINUOUS usually implies an uninterrupted flow or spatial extension football's oldest continuous rivalry
      • CONSTANT implies uniform or persistent occurrence or recurrence lived in constant pain
      • INCESSANT implies ceaseless or uninterrupted activity annoyed by the incessant quarreling
      • PERPETUAL suggests unfailing repetition or lasting duration a land of perpetual snowfall
      • PERENNIAL implies enduring existence often through constant renewal a perennial source of controversy
• ephemeral : endure (abide) = inelastic : stretch = inert : react = repellent : attract = intransigent : yield (反面性質)
  • endure to undergo (as a hardship) especially without giving in: SUFFER 忍耐 to regard with acceptance or tolerance 容忍 to continue in the same state: LAST 持續
  • abide (/ əˈbaɪd/)
    • to wait for : AWAIT 等候
    • a: to endure without yielding: WITHSTAND b: to bear patiently: TOLERATE 忍受,容忍
    • to accept without objection 無反對接受
    • (vi.) to remain stable or fixed in a state 持續 to continue in a place : SOJOURN 逗留,住
  • inelastic (in: not elastic) not elastic: as a: slow to react or respond to changing conditions 對變化反應慢的 b: INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING 無彈性的;不通融的
  • inert (惰性氣體的「惰性」，/ ɪˈnɜːt/) lacking the power to move 無自動力的;無生命的 very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH 呆滯的,遲緩的

    INACTIVE, IDLE, INERT, PASSIVE, SUPINE mean not engaged in work or activity.

    • INACTIVE applies to anyone or anything not in action or in operation or at work on inactive status as an astronaut，inactive accounts
    • IDLE applies to persons that are not busy or occupied or to their powers or their implements workers were idle in the fields
    • INERT as applied to things implies powerlessness to move or to affect other things;

      as applied to persons it suggests an inherent or habitual indisposition to activity inert ingredients in drugs，an inert citizenry

    • PASSIVE implies immobility or lack of normally expected response to an external force or influence and often suggests deliberate submissiveness or self-control passive resistance
    • SUPINE applies only to persons and commonly implies abjectness or indolence a supine willingness to play the fool
  • repellent (pell: push)
    • serving or tending to drive away or ward off 避免的;防禦的 a mosquito-repellent spray
    • arousing aversion or disgust : REPULSIVE 令人厭惡的;令人反感的
  • intransigent (/ ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒənt /) refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude 不妥協的 an intransigent attitude
• ephemeral : enduring = inanimate : living (反面性質)
  • inanimate (in: not anim: life)
    • not animate: a: not endowed with life or spirit b: lacking consciousness or power of motion 無生命的;無生氣的
    • not animated or lively : DULL 單調的;沒精打采的
  • animate
    • (adj.) possessing or characterized by life : ALIVE 有生命的;活的 full of life : ANIMATED 活潑的,有活力的;有生氣的 referring to a living thing 活的
    • (v.) to give spirit and support to: ENCOURAGE 激勵,鼓舞 to give life to 使有生命 to give vigor and zest to 使有活力,熱情 to move to action 驅動,推動
    • (v.) to make or design in such a way as to create apparently spontaneous lifelike movement 使栩栩如生地動作 to produce in the form of an animated cartoon 繪製(卡通影片)
• ephemeral : longevity = grandiose : humility (反面性質)
  • longevity (long，/ lɒnˈdʒevəti/) a long duration of individual life 長命,長壽 length of life 壽命 long continuance : PERMANENCE, DURABILITY 持久
  • grandiose (grand，/ ˈgrændioʊs /)
    • characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor or by absurd exaggeration 浮誇的;誇張的
    • impressive because of uncommon largeness, scope, effect, or grandeur 宏偉的
• ephemeral : transience = permanent : perpetuity = convoluted : complexity (正面性質)
  • transience (/ˈtrænziəns/) the quality or state of being transient 頃刻;無常;短暫;稍縱即逝

    transient (/ ˈtrænziənt/)

    passing especially quickly into and out of existence : TRANSITORY 短暫的; passing through or by a place with only a brief stay or sojourn 暫住的

    affecting something or producing results beyond itself 影響及於他人的

  • permanent, perpetuity 見反義字
  • convoluted (/ ˈkɒnvəluːtɪd/) having convolutions 旋繞的;迴旋的 INVOLVED, INTRICATE 複雜的

    convolute (/ ˈkɒnvəluːt/) TWIST, COIL 旋轉;迴旋

    convolution (/ ˌkɒnvəˈluːʆən/) a form or shape that is folded in curved or tortuous windings 迴旋形狀 a complication or intricacy of form, design, or structure 迴旋

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Ethereal

• / ɪˈθɪriəl/
• ether: 乙醚
• a: of or relating to the regions beyond the earth b: CELESTIAL, HEAVENLY c: UNWORLDLY, SPIRITUAL

  a: lacking material substance: IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE b: marked by unusual delicacy or refinement

  relating to, containing, or resembling a chemical ether

  light

• 天上的;非人間的，非物質的;無實體的，精緻的，(乙)醚的，輕的
• Some are nothing more than ethereal vapors, others are more powerful, more evident.
• <>: heavy, ponderous, material, substantial
  • ponderous of very great weight 沈重的; unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size 笨重的;粗大的

    oppressively or unpleasantly dull : LIFELESS (文章、談話等)冗長的,沈悶的,毫無趣味的

    HEAVY, WEIGHTY, PONDEROUS, CUMBROUS, CUMBERSOME mean having great weight.

    • HEAVY implies that something has greater density or thickness than the average of its kind or class a heavy child for his age
    • WEIGHTY suggests having actual and not just relative weight a load of weighty boxes
    • PONDEROUS implies having great weight because of size and massiveness with resulting great inertia ponderous elephants in a circus parade
    • CUMBROUS and CUMBERSOME imply heaviness and bulkiness that make for difficulty in grasping, moving, carrying, or manipulating

      wrestled with the cumbrous furniture，early cameras were cumbersome and inconvenient

  • substantial (substance)
    • a: consisting of or relating to substance 有實體的 b: not imaginary or illusory: REAL, TRUE 真實的,實在的 c: IMPORTANT, ESSENTIAL 有價值的,重要的
    • ample to satisfy and nourish : FULL 內容充實的;殷實的;豐盛的
    • a: possessed of means : WELL-TO-DO 富裕的 b: considerable in quantity : significantly great 多的;大的;大量的
    • firmly constructed : STURDY 堅固的,結實的
    • being largely but not wholly that which is specified 大體上的
• ethereal : substance (缺乏類比)

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Funereal

• / fjʊˈnɪriəl/
• funeral 葬禮
• of or relating to a funeral

  befitting or suggesting a funeral (as in solemnity)

• 喪葬的，悲哀的;嚴肅的
• moving at a funeral pace
• <>: facetious, jocular
  • facetious (/ fəˈsiːʆəs /) joking or jesting often inappropriately : WAGGISH，meant to be humorous or funny : not serious 滑稽的;好開玩笑的

    WITTY, HUMOROUS, FACETIOUS, JOCULAR, JOCOSE mean provoking or intended to provoke laughter.

    • WITTY suggests cleverness and quickness of mind a witty remark
    • HUMOROUS applies broadly to anything that evokes usually genial laughter and may contrast with witty in suggesting whimsicality or eccentricity humorous anecdotes
    • FACETIOUS stresses a desire to produce laughter and may be derogatory in implying dubious or ill-timed attempts at wit or humor facetious comments
    • JOCULAR implies a usually habitual fondness for jesting and joking a jocular fellow
    • JOCOSE is somewhat less derogatory than FACETIOUS in suggesting habitual waggishness or playfulness jocose proposals

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Infinitesimal

• / ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəməl/
• infinte，simal: small
• taking on values arbitrarily close to but greater than zero

  immeasurably or incalculably small (亦可當 n.)

• 極微小的,無限小的
• Even an infinitesimal change in temperature will be recorded by the equipment.
• <>: Colossal

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Inimical

• / ɪˈnɪmɪkəl /
• imi, ami: friend (ex: amiable, amigo)
• being adverse often by reason of hostility or malevolence(惡毒行為)

  a: having the disposition of an enemy : HOSTILE b: reflecting or indicating hostility : UNFRIENDLY

• 敵意的,不友好的

  有害的,不利的

• conditions inimical to development
• <>: friendly, amiable, amicable, amenable
  • amiable (ami: friend) a: generally agreeable 和藹可親的;厚道的 b: being friendly, sociable, and congenial 友好的,友善的

    AMIABLE, GOOD-NATURED, OBLIGING, COMPLAISANT mean having the desire or disposition to please.

    • AMIABLE implies having qualities that make one liked and easy to deal with an amiable teacher not easily annoyed
    • GOOD-NATURED implies cheerfulness or helpfulness and sometimes a willingness to be imposed upon a good-natured girl who was always willing to pitch in
    • OBLIGING stresses a friendly readiness to be helpful our obliging innkeeper found us a bigger room
    • COMPLAISANT often implies passivity or a yielding to others because of weakness was too complaisant to protest a decision he thought unfair
  • amicable (ami: friend) characterized by friendly goodwill : PEACEABLE 友善的,友好的;溫和的

    AMICABLE, NEIGHBORLY, FRIENDLY mean exhibiting goodwill and an absence of antagonism.

    • AMICABLE implies a state of peace and a desire on the part of the parties not to quarrel maintained amicable relations
    • NEIGHBORLY implies a disposition to live on good terms with others and to be helpful on principle neighborly concern
    • FRIENDLY stresses cordiality and often warmth or intimacy of personal relations sought friendly advice
  • amenable
    • liable to be brought to account : ANSWERABLE 對...負有義務(或責任)的
    • capable of submission (as to judgment or test): SUITED 經得起檢驗(或考查)的
    • readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate 肯順從的

      OBEDIENT, DOCILE, TRACTABLE, AMENABLE mean submissive to the will of another.

      RESPONSIBLE, ANSWERABLE, ACCOUNTABLE, AMENABLE, LIABLE mean subject to being held to account.

      • OBEDIENT implies compliance with the demands or requests of one in authority obedient to the government
      • DOCILE implies a predisposition to submit readily to control or guidance a docile child
      • TRACTABLE suggests having a character that permits easy handling or managing tractable beasts of burden
      • AMENABLE suggests a willingness to yield or to cooperate either because of a desire to be agreeable or because of a natural open-mindedness amenable to new ideas
      • RESPONSIBLE implies holding a specific office, duty, or trust the bureau responsible for revenue collection
      • ANSWERABLE suggests a relation between one having a moral or legal obligation and a court or other authority charged with oversight of its observance

        an intelligence agency answerable to Congress

      • ACCOUNTABLE suggests imminence of retribution for unfulfilled trust or violated obligation elected officials are accountable to the voters
      • AMENABLE and LIABLE stress the fact of subjection to review, censure, or control by a designated authority under certain conditions

        laws are amenable to judicial review，not liable for the debts of the former spouse

• inimical : freindliness (反面性質)

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Ironical

• / aɪˈrɒnɪkəl /
• 意同 ironic
• relating to, containing, or constituting irony

  given to irony

  SARCASTIC, SATIRIC, IRONIC, SARDONIC mean marked by bitterness and a power or will to cut or sting.

  • SARCASTIC implies an intentional inflicting of pain by deriding, taunting, or ridiculing a critic famous mainly for his sarcastic remarks
  • SATIRIC implies that the intent of the ridiculing is censure and reprobation a satiric look at contemporary sexual mores
  • IRONIC implies an attempt to be amusing or provocative by saying usually the opposite of what is meant made the ironic observation that the government could always be trusted
  • SARDONIC implies scorn, mockery, or derision that is manifested by either verbal or facial expression surveyed the scene with a sardonic smile
• irony
  • the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning 反語;
  • a usually humorous or sardonic literary style or form characterized by irony 冷嘲;諷刺
  • an ironic expression or utterance 具有諷刺意味的事，嘲諷的話
  • incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the normal or expected result 結果與期待不一致的
• 冷嘲的,挖苦的，具有諷刺意味的，用反語的;愛挖苦人的
• In an ironic twist, the most trustworthy character in the film turned out to be the thief.

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Lethal

• / ˈliːθəl /
• a: of, relating to, or causing death b: capable of causing death

  gravely damaging or destructive : DEVASTATING

  DEADLY, MORTAL, FATAL, LETHAL mean causing or capable of causing death.

  • DEADLY applies to an established or very likely cause of death a deadly disease
  • MORTAL implies that death has occurred or is inevitable a mortal wound
  • FATAL stresses the inevitability of what has in fact resulted in death or destruction fatal consequences
  • LETHAL applies to something that is bound to cause death or exists for the destruction of life lethal gas
• 致命的，(很有)危險的;毀滅性的
• Higher taxes and higher inflation were a lethal combination.
• harmful : lethal = disagreeable : hateful (程度類比) (左邊小於右邊)
  • disagreeable causing discomfort: UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE 不合意的;不愉快的;討厭的 marked by ill temper : PEEVISH 難相處的,脾氣壞的

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Mercurial

• / mɜːˈkjʊəriəl/
• Mercury 水星 (水星座的人情緒善變) (小寫開頭為「汞」)
• having qualities of eloquence, ingenuity, or thievishness attributed to the god Mercury or to the influence of the planet Mercury

  characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood

  of, relating to, containing, or caused by mercury(汞)

  INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion).

  • INCONSTANT implies an incapacity for steadiness and an inherent tendency to change an inconstant friend
  • FICKLE suggests unreliability because of perverse changeability and incapacity for steadfastness performers discover how fickle fans can be
  • CAPRICIOUS suggests motivation by sudden whim or fancy and stresses unpredictability an utterly capricious critic
  • MERCURIAL implies a rapid changeability in mood made anxious by her boss's mercurial temperament
  • UNSTABLE implies an incapacity for remaining in a fixed position or steady course and applies especially to a lack of emotional balance too unstable to hold a job
• 敏捷的;精明的，(情緒)易變的，水銀的
• an actor noted for his mercurial temperament
• mercurial : mood = whimsical : behavior, notion = fickle : affection (善變...)
  • notion
    • an individual's conception or impression of something known, experienced, or imagined 想法;見解
    • an inclusive general concept 概念
    • a theory or belief held by a person or group 被人支持的理論,信念
    • a personal inclination : WHIM 個人愛好
  • fickle marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability : given to erratic changeableness 易變的,無常的 (同義字見上)
• mercurial : committed = profligate : solvent (反義類比)
  • committed 忠誠的,堅定的
  • profligate (/ ˈprɒflɪgət) completely given up to dissipation(浪費,放蕩) and licentiousness(放蕩) 放蕩的 wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL 浪費的
  • solvent (solve，/ ˈsɒlvənt/)
    • (adj.) able to pay all legal debts 有償付能力的 that dissolves or can dissolve 有溶解力的
    • (n.) a usually liquid substance capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances 溶劑
    • (n.) something that provides a solution 解決方法
    • (n.) something that eliminates or attenuates something especially unwanted 消除(減弱)讓不想要的

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Menial

• / ˈmiːniəl /
• men: servant
• of or relating to servants : LOWLY

  a : appropriate to a servant : HUMBLE, SERVILE b : lacking interest or dignity

• 僕人的;適於僕人的，奴顏婢膝的;卑賤的
• Belknap was unable to find anything but menial labor.
• <>: considerable worth consideration : SIGNIFICANT 值得考慮的;重要的 large in extent or degree 相當大的;相當多的;可觀的

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Noncommittal

• /ˌnɒnkəˈmɪtəl/
• non，commit
• giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling

  having no clear or distinctive character

• 不作許諾的;不表態的，不確定的;含糊的
• The doctor was noncommittal about my mother's chances of recovery.
• <>: determined, unambiguous

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Palatial

• / pəˈleɪʆəl /
• palace: 宮殿
• of, relating to, or being a palace

  suitable to a palace : MAGNIFICENT

• 宮殿的;廣大的;宏壯的
• a palatial country residence
• palatial : hovel = bucolic : city(metropolis) (反面性質)
  • hovel (/ ˈhɒvəl/) an open shed or shelter 茅舍,小屋 TABERNACLE (臨時)居所;帳篷 a small, wretched, and often dirty house : HUT (簡陋的)小屋
  • bucolic (/ bjuːˈkɒlɪk/) of or relating to shepherds or herdsmen : PASTORAL 牧羊的;牧歌的 relating to or typical of rural life 鄉村生活的
  • metropolis (/ mɪˈtrɒpələs/) the chief or capital city of a country, state, or region 首都;首府 a city regarded as a center of a specified activity 中心都市 a large important city 大都市

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Pestilential

• / ˌpestəˈlenʆəl/
• pest: 有害的動物,害蟲;有害的植物
• a: causing or tending to cause pestilence: DEADLY b: of or relating to pestilence

  morally harmful : PERNICIOUS

  giving rise to vexation or annoyance : IRRITATING

  pestilence (/ ˈpestələns /)

  • a contagious or infectious epidemic(流行性的,傳染的) disease that is virulent(致命的) and devastating(毀滅性的) 惡性傳染病,瘟疫
  • something that is destructive or pernicious(有害的,有毒的) 有害的事物
• 瘟疫似的;致命的，邪惡的，討厭的;煩人的
• pest : irksome = expert : proficient (人物性質)
  • pest
    • an epidemic disease associated with high mortality(死亡性); specifically: PLAGUE 死亡率極高的流行病;瘟疫
    • something resembling a pest in destructiveness; especially: a plant or animal detrimental to humans or human concerns (as agriculture or livestock production) 有害的動物,害蟲;有害的植物
    • one that pesters or annoys : NUISANCE 討厭的人;害人精;
  • irksome (/ ˈɜːksəm/) tending to irk : TEDIOUS 令人厭煩的;令人厭倦的;令人惱恨的

    irk (/ ɜːk/) to make weary, irritated, or bored 使厭倦;使苦惱 (<> please)

    ANNOY, VEX, IRK, BOTHER mean to upset a person's composure.

    • ANNOY implies a wearing on the nerves by persistent petty unpleasantness their constant complaining annoys us
    • VEX implies greater provocation and stronger disturbance and usually connotes anger but sometimes perplexity or anxiety vexed by her teenager's failure to pick up his room
    • IRK stresses difficulty in enduring and the resulting weariness or impatience of spirit careless waste irks the boss
    • BOTHER suggests interference with comfort or peace of mind don't bother me while I'm reading
  • proficient well advanced in an art, occupation, or branch of knowledge 精通的,熟練的

    PROFICIENT, ADEPT, SKILLED, SKILLFUL, EXPERT mean having great knowledge and experience in a trade or profession.

    • PROFICIENT implies a thorough competence derived from training and practice proficient in translating foreign languages
    • ADEPT implies special aptitude as well as proficiency adept at doing long division
    • SKILLED stresses mastery of technique a skilled surgeon
    • SKILLFUL implies individual dexterity in execution or performance skillful drivers
    • EXPERT implies extraordinary proficiency and often connotes knowledge as well as technical skill expert in the evaluation of wines
• insect : pesticide = plant : herbicide = forest : defoliant (對象類比)
  • pesticide (pest，cid: cut, kill，/ ˈpestəsaɪd /) an agent used to destroy pests 殺蟲劑
  • herbicide (herb，cid: cut, kill，/ ˈhɜːbəsaɪd/) an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth 抑制植物生長藥劑
  • defoliant (de: apart，/ diːˈfəʊliənt/) a chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to cause the leaves to drop off prematurely 脫葉劑

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Primordial

• / praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/
• prim: first ord: order => 順序在先的
• first created or developed: PRIMEVAL

  existing in or persisting from the beginning (as of a solar system or universe)

  earliest formed in the growth of an individual or organ: PRIMITIVE

  FUNDAMENTAL, PRIMARY

• 原始的;最初的;根本的
• He was driven on by a primordial terror.
• <>: most recent

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Prodigal

• / ˈprɒdɪgəl/
• (adj.) prodigious
• recklessly extravagant

  characterized by wasteful expenditure : LAVISH

  yielding abundantly : LUXURIANT

  (n.) one who spends or gives lavishly and foolishly

  PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.

  • PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
  • LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
  • PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
  • LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
  • LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
  • EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination
• 非常浪費的,揮霍的，不吝惜的;十分慷慨的，(物產等)豐富的,大量的

  (n.) 揮霍者

• a prodigal lifestyle
• prodigal <> parsimonious, stingy, penurious
  • stingy not generous or liberal : sparing or scant in giving or spending 吝嗇的,小氣的 meanly scanty or small 缺乏的,不足的;極少的
  • STINGY, CLOSE, NIGGARDLY, PARSIMONIOUS, PENURIOUS, MISERLY mean being unwilling or showing unwillingness to share with others.
    • STINGY implies a marked lack of generosity a stingy child, not given to sharing
    • CLOSE suggests keeping a tight grip on one's money and possessions folks who are very close when charity calls
    • NIGGARDLY implies giving or spending the very smallest amount possible the niggardly amount budgeted for the town library
    • PARSIMONIOUS suggests a frugality so extreme as to lead to stinginess a parsimonious life-style notably lacking in luxuries
    • PENURIOUS implies niggardliness that gives an appearance of actual poverty the penurious eccentric bequeathed a fortune
    • MISERLY suggests a sordid avariciousness and a morbid pleasure in hoarding a miserly couple devoid of social conscience
• prodigality <> husbandry, stint, frugality
  • husbandry (/ ˈhʌzbəndri /)
    • the control or judicious use of resources: CONSERVATION 節約,節儉
    • the cultivation or production of plants and animals : AGRICULTURE 農事,耕種
    • the scientific control and management of a branch of farming and especially of domestic animals 管理(飼養業)
• husband <> waste
  • husband (adj.) to manage prudently and economically 節儉地管理; to use sparingly : CONSERVE 節約地使用
• prodigal : spend = parsimonious : save (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)
• spendthrift : prodigal = miser : parsimonious (人物性質)
  • pendthrift (spend，thrift，/ ˈspendˌθrɪft / ) a person who spends improvidently or wastefully 揮霍無度的人;放蕩者

    GRE 2 「揮霍者」： prodigal (可當n.)，spendthrift

  • miser (/ ˈmaɪzər/) a mean grasping person; especially: one who is extremely stingy with money 吝嗇鬼;守財奴 (adj. miserly)
• mean : prodigality = meek : arrogance (反面性質)
  • mean (adj. 其中一義) PENURIOUS, STINGY 吝嗇的,小氣的
  • meek (/ miːk /)
    • enduring injury with patience and without resentment : MILD 耐心忍受傷害沒有憤恨的
    • deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE 懦弱的;無骨氣的
    • not violent or strong : MODERATE 溫順的,柔順的
  • arrogance a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims 傲慢;自大;自負 (adj.: arrogant)
• garrulous, loquacious : words = prodigal, profligate : money (修飾對象)
  • loquacious (loqu: speak，/loʊˈkweɪʆəs/) full of excessive talk : WORDY 多話的; given to fluent or excessive talk : GARRULOUS 非常健談的;多話的

    TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE mean given to talk or talking.

    • TALKATIVE may imply a readiness to engage in talk or a disposition to enjoy conversation a talkative neighbor
    • LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly a loquacious spokesperson
    • GARRULOUS implies prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity garrulous traveling companions
    • VOLUBLE suggests a free, easy, and unending loquacity a voluble raconteur
  • profligate (/ ˈprɒflɪgət) completely given up to dissipation(浪費,放蕩) and licentiousness(放蕩) 放蕩的 wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL 浪費的

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Quizzical

• /ˈkwɪzɪkəl /
• comically quaint(奇特古怪)

  mildly teasing or mocking

  expressive of puzzlement, curiosity, or disbelief

• 滑稽的，逗弄的，有疑問,好奇,不信的
• He sat and watched her, a quizzical look on his face.

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Tautological

• / ˌtɔːtəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/
• (n.) tautology
• 同 tautologous

  involving or containing rhetorical tautology : REDUNDANT

  true by virtue of its logical form alone

• 重複的,贅述的
• It is therefore either a tautology or a fallacy to state that lack of entrepreneurial talent is the reason for poor growth.

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Venial

• / ˈviːniəl /
• veni: venus => love, charm
• of a kind that can be remitted : FORGIVABLE, PARDONABLE; also: meriting no particular censure or notice : EXCUSABLE
• 可原諒的;(罪)輕微的
• a venial sin
• venial : excuse = pellucid : understand (正面性質) (左邊可以右邊)
  • pellucid (pel: per 完全 lucid: light，/ pəˈluːsɪd /)
    • admitting maximum passage of light without diffusion or distortion 最大亮度沒有散射失真的
    • reflecting light evenly from all surfaces 從所有表面平均反射光線的
    • easy to understand 容易明白的

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Venal

• / ˈviːnl /
• ven: sell (ex: vendor, vendee)
• capable of being bought or obtained for money or other valuable consideration : PURCHASABLE; especially: open to corrupt influence and especially bribery: MERCENARY

  originating in, characterized by, or associated with corrupt bribery

• 能收買的;貪贓枉法的;腐敗的
• a venal tyrant
• <>: incorruptable, unsusceptible to bribery, not mercenary, principled
  • unsusceptible 不易感動的

    susceptible 易被感動的,易受...影響的;敏感的

    • capable of submitting to an action, process, or operation
    • open, subject, or unresistant to some stimulus, influence, or agency
    • IMPRESSIONABLE, RESPONSIVE

      LIABLE, OPEN, EXPOSED, SUBJECT, PRONE, SUSCEPTIBLE, SENSITIVE mean being by nature or through circumstances likely to experience something adverse.

      • LIABLE implies a possibility or probability of incurring something because of position, nature, or particular situation liable to get lost
      • OPEN stresses a lack of barriers preventing incurrence a claim open to question
      • EXPOSED suggests lack of protection or powers of resistance against something actually present or threatening exposed to infection
      • SUBJECT implies an openness for any reason to something that must be suffered or undergone all reports are subject to review
      • PRONE stresses natural tendency or propensity to incur something prone to procrastination
      • SUSCEPTIBLE implies conditions existing in one's nature or individual constitution that make incurrence probable very susceptible to flattery
      • SENSITIVE implies a readiness to respond to or be influenced by forces or stimuli unduly sensitive to criticism
  • principled exhibiting, based on, or characterized by principle 有原則的;有操守的
• venal : probity = disinterested : partisanship (反面性質)
  • disinterested (dis: not interested)
    • free from selfish motive or interest : UNBIASED 無私的;公正的
    • not having the mind or feelings engaged : not interested 不感興趣的 no longer interested 不再感興趣的
  • partisanship (parti: party 黨，partisan (黨派等的)強硬支持者 => 偏袒)

    a firm adherent to a party, faction, cause, or person; especially: one exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegiance 黨派偏見

• vendor : purvey = censor : expurgate (人物動作)
  • vendor (ven: sell) one that vends : SELLER 賣方 VENDING MACHINE 自動販賣機

    vend to dispose of something by sale : SELL; also : to engage in selling 出售;販賣

  • purvey (provide，/ pɜːˈveɪ/) to supply (as provisions) usually as a matter of business (大量)供給(尤指食品或貨物)
  • censor
    • one of two magistrates of early Rome acting as census takers, assessors, and inspectors of morals and conduct (古羅馬的)監察官
    • one who supervises conduct and morals: as a: an official who examines materials (as publications or films) for objectionable matter (出版物、電影等的)審查員

      b: an official (as in time of war) who reads communications (as letters) and deletes material considered sensitive or harmful (戰時)信件檢查員

    • a hypothetical psychic agency that represses unacceptable notions before they reach consciousness 潛意識壓抑力
    • (v.) to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable 檢查(出版物等),審查
  • expurgate (ex: out purg: purge, clean，/ ˈekspərgeɪt/)

    to cleanse of something morally harmful, offensive, or erroneous; especially: to expunge objectionable parts from before publication or presentation 刪去(不當處);修訂

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Whimsical

• / ˈwɪmzɪkəl /
• whimsi 念起來像 fancy
• full of, actuated by, or exhibiting whims

  resulting from or characterized by whim or caprice; especially: lightly fanciful

  subject to erratic behavior or unpredictable change

  whim a capricious or eccentric and often sudden idea or turn of the mind : FANCY 突然的奇想,怪念頭

  CAPRICE, WHIM, VAGARY, CROTCHET mean an irrational or unpredictable idea or desire.

  • CAPRICE stresses lack of apparent motivation and suggests willfulness by sheer caprice she quit her job
  • WHIM implies a fantastic, capricious turn of mind or inclination an odd antique that was bought on a whim
  • VAGARY stresses the erratic, irresponsible character of the notion or desire recently he had been prone to strange vagaries
  • CROTCHET implies an eccentric opinion or preference a serious scientist equally known for his bizarre crotchets
• 想入非非的,異想天開的，怪誕的,古怪的，反覆無常的
• He has a wonderful whimsical sense of humour.
• caprice : whimsical = stealth : furtive = discontent : unsatisfied = perspicacity : acute = insight : discerning = effulgence : replendent (正面性質)
  • stealth (steal，/ stelθ /) 祕密行動;鬼鬼祟祟
    • the act or action of proceeding furtively, secretly, or imperceptibly
    • the state of being furtive or unobtrusive
  • discontent (dis: not content: 滿意) lack of contentment: a: a sense of grievance: DISSATISFACTION b: restless aspiration for improvement 不滿;不滿足

    contentment the quality or state of being contented 滿足,知足;滿意

    content (v.) to appease the desires of 使滿足 to limit (oneself) in requirements, desires, or actions 限制需求慾望行動

  • perspicacity (/ˌpɜːspɪˈkæsəti/) 穎慧;洞察力

    perspicacious (/ ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʆəs/) of acute mental vision or discernment : KEEN 有穎悟力的;有洞察力的

    SHREWD, SAGACIOUS, PERSPICACIOUS, ASTUTE mean acute in perception and sound in judgment.

    • SHREWD stresses practical, hardheaded cleverness and judgment a shrewd judge of character
    • SAGACIOUS (saga: sage) suggests wisdom, penetration, and farsightedness sagacious investors got in on the ground floor
    • PERSPICACIOUS implies unusual power to see through and understand what is puzzling or hidden a perspicacious counselor saw through the child's facade
    • ASTUTE suggests shrewdness, perspicacity, and diplomatic skill an astute player of party politics
  • acute (/ əˈkjuːt /) (acumen)
    • characterized by sharpness or severity 劇烈的,激烈的;嚴重的
    • having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course 急性的
    • lasting a short time 短暫的
    • being or forming an angle measuring less than 90 degrees 銳角的
    • marked by keen discernment or intellectual perception especially of subtle distinctions : PENETRATING 敏銳的 an acute thinker
    • responsive to slight impressions or stimuli 敏銳的 acute hearing

      ACUTE, CRITICAL, CRUCIAL mean of uncertain outcome.

      • ACUTE stresses intensification of conditions leading to a culmination or breaking point an acute housing shortage
      • CRITICAL adds to ACUTE implications of imminent change, of attendant suspense, and of decisiveness in the outcome the war has entered a critical phase
      • CRUCIAL suggests a dividing of the ways and often a test or trial involving the determination of a future course or direction a crucial vote
  • discerning showing insight and understanding : DISCRIMINATING 有識別力的;眼光敏銳的 a discerning critic
  • effulgence (/ ɪˈfʌldʒəns/) radiant splendor : BRILLIANCE 光輝
  • resplendent (/ rɪˈsplendənt/ ) shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor 燦爛的;光輝的;華麗的

    SPLENDID, RESPLENDENT, GORGEOUS, GLORIOUS, SUBLIME, SUPERB mean extraordinarily or transcendently impressive.

    • SPLENDID implies outshining the usual or customary the wedding was a splendid occasion
    • RESPLENDENT suggests a glowing or blazing splendor resplendent in her jewelry
    • GORGEOUS implies a rich splendor especially in display of color a gorgeous red dress
    • GLORIOUS suggests radiance that heightens beauty or distinction a glorious sunset
    • SUBLIME implies an exaltation or elevation almost beyond human comprehension a vision of sublime beauty
    • SUPERB suggests a magnificence or excellence reaching the highest conceivable degree her singing was superb
• capricious : whim = objective : fact (正面性質)
• whimsical : behavior = mercurial : mood = fickle : affection (善變...)
  • fickle marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability : given to erratic changeableness 易變的,無常的

    INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion).

    • INCONSTANT implies an incapacity for steadiness and an inherent tendency to change an inconstant friend
    • FICKLE suggests unreliability because of perverse changeability and incapacity for steadfastness performers discover how fickle fans can be
    • CAPRICIOUS suggests motivation by sudden whim or fancy and stresses unpredictability an utterly capricious critic
    • MERCURIAL implies a rapid changeability in mood made anxious by her boss's mercurial temperament
    • UNSTABLE implies an incapacity for remaining in a fixed position or steady course and applies especially to a lack of emotional balance too unstable to hold a job

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Fustian

• / ˈfʌstʆən /
• a: a strong cotton and linen fabric b: a class of cotton fabrics usually having a pile face and twill weave

  high-flown(誇張的) or affected(不自然的) writing or speech; broadly: anything high-flown or affected in style

• 棉亞麻混紡粗布，緯起毛織物，浮誇的話

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Stentorian

• / stenˈtɔːriən /
• Stentor 希臘故事中人物，講話很大聲
• extremely loud

  LOUD, STENTORIAN, EARSPLITTING, RAUCOUS, STRIDENT mean marked by intensity or volume of sound.

  • LOUD applies to any volume above normal and may suggest undue vehemence or obtrusiveness loud shouts of protest
  • STENTORIAN implies great power and range an actor with a stentorian voice
  • EARSPLITTING implies loudness that is physically discomforting the earsplitting sound of a siren
  • RAUCOUS implies a loud harsh grating tone, especially of voice, and may suggest rowdiness the raucous shouts of drunken revelers
  • STRIDENT implies a rasping discordant but insistent quality, especially of voice the strident voices of hecklers
• (聲音)極宏亮的
• His stentorian approach and his commanding presence have been influential on the good order of the Assembly.
• <>: faint
  • lacking courage and spirit : COWARDLY 懦弱的;(行動等)軟弱無力的
  • weak, dizzy, and likely to faint 微弱的,暗淡的;
  • lacking strength or vigor : performed, offered, or accomplished weakly or languidly 虛弱的,衰弱的
  • producing a sensation of faintness : OPPRESSIVE 虛弱的
  • lacking distinctness : DIM 黯淡的
  • (v.) to lose consciousness because of a temporary decrease in the blood supply to the brain 昏厥,暈倒;變得微弱
  • (n.) the physiological action of fainting; also : the resulting condition : SYNCOPE 昏厥
• palatable : savory = discernible : manifest, obvious = audible : stentorian (~able，具有性質)
  • manifest (/ ˈmænəfest / ) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane) (飛機的船的)乘客名單;貨單

    readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight，easily understood or recognized by the mind : OBVIOUS 顯然的,明白的,清楚的

    EVIDENT, MANIFEST, PATENT, DISTINCT, OBVIOUS, APPARENT, PLAIN, CLEAR mean readily perceived or apprehended.

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Adamant

• / ˈædəmənt/
• dam: diamond
• (n.) a stone (as a diamond) formerly believed to be of impenetrable hardness，an unbreakable or extremely hard substance

  (adj.) unshakable or immovable especially in opposition : UNYIELDING

  INFLEXIBLE, OBDURATE, ADAMANT mean unwilling to alter a predetermined course or purpose.

  • INFLEXIBLE implies rigid adherence or even slavish conformity to principle inflexible in their demands
  • OBDURATE stresses hardness of heart and insensitivity to appeals for mercy or the influence of divine grace obdurate in his refusal to grant clemency
  • ADAMANT implies utter immovability in the face of all temptation or entreaty adamant that the work should continue
• (n.) 堅石;堅固無比的物質 (adj.) 堅定不移的;無法動搖的
• She begged me to change my mind, but I remained adamant.
• <>: moved, vacillating
• adamant : move = impossible : execute (反面性質) (左邊無法被右邊)
• adamant : yield = cautious : gamble (反面性質) (左邊不右邊)
• adamant : flexibility = refractory : obedience (反面性質) (左邊沒有右邊)
  • refractory (re: again frac: break，/ rɪˈfræktəri /)
    • resisting control or authority : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE 執拗的
    • a: resistant to treatment or cure 難治的 b: unresponsive to stimulus 無反應的 c: IMMUNE, INSUSCEPTIBLE 有抵抗力的
    • difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out; especially: capable of enduring high temperature 耐火的

      UNRULY, UNGOVERNABLE, INTRACTABLE, REFRACTORY, RECALCITRANT, WILLFUL, HEADSTRONG mean not submissive to government or control.

      • UNRULY implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior unruly children
      • UNGOVERNABLE implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others ungovernable rage
      • INTRACTABLE suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump
      • REFRACTORY stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold special schools for refractory children
      • RECALCITRANT suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace
      • WILLFUL implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way a willful disregard for the rights of others
      • HEADSTRONG suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion a headstrong young cavalry officer
  • obedience (obey，/ əˈbiːdiəns /) an act or instance of obeying，the quality or state of being obedient 服從,順從

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Blatant

• / ˈbleɪtənt /
• bla: 吵雜聲音 (ech.)
• noisy especially in a vulgar(粗鄙，<> noble) or offensive manner : CLAMOROUS

  completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass(粗俗) or offensive manner : BRAZEN

  VOCIFEROUS, CLAMOROUS, BLATANT, STRIDENT, BOISTEROUS, OBSTREPEROUS mean so loud or insistent as to compel attention.

  • VOCIFEROUS implies a vehement shouting or calling out vociferous cries of protest and outrage
  • CLAMOROUS may imply insistency as well as vociferousness in demanding or protesting clamorous demands for prison reforms
  • BLATANT implies an offensive bellowing or insensitive loudness blatant rock music，a blatant clamor for impeachment
  • STRIDENT suggests harsh and discordant noise heard the strident cry of the crow
  • BOISTEROUS suggests a noisiness and turbulence due to high spirits a boisterous crowd of party goers
  • OBSTREPEROUS suggests unruly and aggressive noisiness and resistance to restraint the obstreperous demonstrators were removed from the hall
• 喧鬧的，明顯引人注目的
• a blatant disregard for public safety
• <>: subtle, inconspicuous, unimpressive, unobtrusive
  • inconspicuous (in: not con: together spic: spec, look，/ ˌɪnkənˈspɪkjuəs/) not readily noticeable 不顯著的;不顯眼的,不引人注目的

    conspicuous (con: together spic: spec, look，/ kənˈspɪkjuəs /)

    obvious to the eye or mind 明顯的,易看見的;顯著的 attracting attention : STRIKING 引人注意的 marked by a noticeable violation of good taste

    NOTICEABLE, REMARKABLE, PROMINENT, OUTSTANDING, CONSPICUOUS, SALIENT, STRIKING mean attracting notice or attention.

    • NOTICEABLE applies to something unlikely to escape observation a piano recital with no noticeable errors
    • REMARKABLE applies to something so extraordinary or exceptional as to invite comment a film of remarkable intelligence and wit
    • PROMINENT applies to something commanding notice by standing out from its surroundings or background a doctor who occupies a prominent position in the town
    • OUTSTANDING applies to something that rises above and excels others of the same kind honored for her outstanding contributions to science
    • CONSPICUOUS applies to something that is obvious and unavoidable to the sight or mind conspicuous bureaucratic waste
    • SALIENT applies to something of significance that merits the attention given it the salient points of the speech
    • STRIKING applies to something that impresses itself powerfully and deeply upon the observer's mind or vision the region's striking poverty
  • unobtrusive (un: not ob: towardtru: 闖,擠，/ ˌʌnəbˈtruːsɪv/) not obtrusive : not blatant, arresting, or aggressive : INCONSPICUOUS 不唐突的;不冒昧的;不引人注目的

    obtrusive (ob: towardtru: 闖,擠，/ əbˈtruːsɪv /) forward in manner or conduct 魯莽冒失的 undesirably prominent 出風頭的,顯眼的 thrust out : PROTRUDING 突出的

    IMPERTINENT, OFFICIOUS, MEDDLESOME, INTRUSIVE, OBTRUSIVE mean given to thrusting oneself into the affairs of others.

    • IMPERTINENT implies exceeding the bounds of propriety in showing interest or curiosity or in offering advice resented their impertinent interference
    • OFFICIOUS implies the offering of services or attentions that are unwelcome or annoying officious friends made the job harder
    • MEDDLESOME stresses an annoying and usually prying interference in others' affairs a meddlesome landlord
    • INTRUSIVE implies a tactless or otherwise objectionable thrusting into others' affairs tried to be helpful without being intrusive
    • OBTRUSIVE stresses improper or offensive conspicuousness of interfering actions expressed an obtrusive concern for his safety
• blatant : ignore = ambiguous : understand (反面性質)
• blatant : arresting = odious : disgusting (程度類比) (左邊 > 右邊)
  • arresting catching the attention : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE 引人注意的;醒目的;有趣的
  • odious exciting or deserving hatred or repugnance 可憎的,可惡的,令人作嘔的
  • digusting causing disgust 令人作嘔的;十分討厭的,可憎的

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Clairvoyant

• / klerˈvɔɪənt/
• clair: clear voy: see
• unusually perceptive : DISCERNING

  of or relating to clairvoyance

  (n.) one having the power of clairvoyance

  clairvoyance (clair: clear voy: see，/ klerˈvɔɪəns/)

  • the power or faculty of discerning objects not present to the senses 異常的洞察力
  • ability to perceive matters beyond the range of ordinary perception : PENETRATION 千里眼;異常眼力
• (adj.) 有超人之目力或洞察力的 (n.) 有超人之目力或洞察力的人
• A clairvoyant predicted that something terrible would happen to the President.
• <>: ignorant (ignore)
  • destitute of knowledge or education; also: lacking knowledge or comprehension of the thing specified 無知的,不學無術的;沒有受教育的
  • resulting from or showing lack of knowledge or intelligence 無知造成的;顯示無知的
  • UNAWARE, UNINFORMED 不知道的

    IGNORANT, ILLITERATE, UNLETTERED, UNTUTORED, UNLEARNED mean not having knowledge.

    • IGNORANT may imply a general condition or it may apply to lack of knowledge or awareness of a particular thing an ignorant fool，ignorant of nuclear physics
    • ILLITERATE applies to either an absolute or a relative inability to read and write much of the population is still illiterate
    • UNLETTERED implies ignorance of the knowledge gained by reading an allusion meaningless to the unlettered
    • UNTUTORED may imply lack of schooling in the arts and ways of civilization strange monuments built by an untutored people
    • UNLEARNED suggests ignorance of advanced subjects poetry not for academics but for the unlearned masses

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Dormant

• / ˈdɔːrmənt/
• dorm: 宿舍
• represented on a coat of arms in a lying position with the head on the forepaws

  marked by a suspension of activity: as a: temporarily devoid of external activity b: temporarily in abeyance yet capable of being activated

  a: ASLEEP, INACTIVE b: having the faculties suspended: SLUGGISH

  c: having biological activity suspended: as (1) : being in a state of suspended animation (2) : not actively growing but protected (as by bud scales) from the environment

  associated with, carried out, or applied during a period of dormancy

  LATENT, DORMANT, QUIESCENT, POTENTIAL mean not now showing signs of activity or existence.

  • LATENT applies to a power or quality that has not yet come forth but may emerge and develop a latent desire for success
  • DORMANT suggests the inactivity of something (as a feeling or power) as though sleeping their passion had lain dormant
  • QUIESCENT suggests a usually temporary cessation of activity the disease was quiescent
  • POTENTIAL applies to what does not yet have existence or effect but is likely soon to have a potential disaster
• 睡著的，暫停活動的;靜止的，冬眠的;休眠的，潛在的;潛伏的
• The seeds remain dormant until the spring.

  a huge dormant volcano

• <>: active
• malleable : plasticity = dormant : inactivity (正面性質)
  • plasticity (/plæˈstɪsəti / )
    • the quality or state of being plastic; especially: capacity for being molded or altered 可塑性;
    • the ability to retain a shape attained by pressure deformation 可塑性;

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Errant

• / ˈerənt /
• err: wander (ex: aberration 脫離常軌, aberrant 脫離常軌, error)
• traveling or given to(喜歡) traveling

  a: straying outside the proper path or b : moving about aimlessly or irregularly c: deviating from a standard (as of truth or propriety) d: FALLIBLE

• 周遊的，脫離常軌;迷路的，無目的無規律地漫遊，走入歧途的，易犯錯不可靠的
• an errant knight，an errant breeze，an errant child
• stray : group = digress : topic (對象關係)(左邊脫離右邊)
  • stray (v.) (亦可當 n.) 迷路,走失;走散，閒逛;流浪，離題;偏離;分心，犯錯誤;入歧途,離正道，不由自主地移動

    WANDER: as a: to wander from company, restraint, or proper limits b: to roam about without fixed direction or purpose c: to move in a winding course: MEANDER

    d : to move without conscious or intentional effort e: to become distracted from an argument or chain of thought

    f: to wander accidentally from a fixed or chosen route g: ERR, SIN

  • stray (adj.) having strayed or escaped from a proper or intended place 迷途的 occurring at random or sporadically 偶爾零星的 not serving any useful purpose : UNWANTED 無用的
  • digress (di: apart gress: progress，/ daɪˈgres /) to turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument 脫離主題 Do you mind if I digress for a moment?

    SWERVE, VEER, DEVIATE, DEPART, DIGRESS, DIVERGE mean to turn aside from a straight course.

    • SWERVE may suggest a physical, mental, or moral turning away from a given course, often with abruptness swerved to avoid hitting the dog
    • VEER implies a major change in direction at that point the path veers to the right
    • DEVIATE implies a turning from a customary or prescribed course never deviated from her daily routine
    • DEPART suggests a deviation from a traditional or conventional course or type occasionally departs from his own guidelines
    • DIGRESS applies to a departing from the subject of one's discourse a professor prone to digress
    • DIVERGE may equal DEPART but usually suggests a branching of a main path into two or more leading in different directions after school their paths diverged
• errant : course = amorphous : shape (對象關係) (左邊沒有固定右邊)
  • amorphous (a: not morph: shape (ex: metamorphosis 變形)，/ əˈmɔːrfəs/)
    • a: having no definite form: SHAPELESS 無定形的 b: being without definite character or nature: UNCLASSIFIABLE 無組織的;亂七八糟的;難以歸類的
    • having no real or apparent crystalline form: UNCRYSTALLIZED 非結晶形的
• doctrine : heretical = course : errant (對象關係)
  • doctrine (doc: teach，/ ˈdɒktrɪn/)
    • something that is taught 教導,教誨
    • a principle or position or the body of principles in a branch of knowledge or system of belief : DOGMA 學說,原理
    • a principle of law established through past decisions
    • a statement of fundamental government policy especially in international relations 主義,信條;政策
  • heretical of, relating to, or characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards : UNORTHODOX 異教的;異端的 (heretic, heresy)

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Extant

• / ɪkˈstænt /
• exist
• currently or actually existing

  not destroyed or lost

• (書籍、文件、畫等)現存的;尚存的
• Few of the manuscripts are still extant.
• <>: extinct, destroyed, lost

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Flagrant

• / ˈfleɪgrənt /
• conspicuously offensive especially: so obviously inconsistent with what is right or proper as to appear to be a flouting of law or morality
• 明目張膽的;公然的，兇惡的;罪惡昭彰的
• The regime has often been criticized for its flagrant abuses of human rights.

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Itinerant

• / aɪˈtɪnərənt /
• it: go
• traveling from place to place; especially: covering a circuit
• 巡迴的;遊歷的，不固定的 (亦可當 n.)
• Farmers fled to work as itinerant merchants; the amount of cultivated grain land shrank from 12,350 acres to less than 5,000.
• itinerary : log = agenda : minutes = bargain : deed (對象關係) (右邊是左邊的記錄)
  • itinerary (it: go，/ aɪˈtɪnəreri /) the route of a journey or tour or the proposed outline of one 旅程;路線;旅行計劃 a travel diary 旅行日誌 a traveler's guidebook 旅行指南
  • agenda a list or outline of things to be considered or done 待議諸事項;議程;待辦事項 an underlying often ideological plan or program 基本意識計畫
  • minutes a: a brief note (as of summary or recommendation) b: MEMORANDUM, DRAFT c(plural): the official record of the proceedings of a meeting 備忘錄;筆記;會議記錄
  • bargain (/ˈbɑːrgən/)
    • an agreement between parties settling what each gives or receives in a transaction between them or what course of action or policy each pursues in respect to the other 協議
    • something acquired by or as if by bargaining; especially: an advantageous purchase 特價商品,便宜貨
    • a transaction, situation, or event regarded in the light of its results 買賣,交易
    • (v.) to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement, or contract : HAGGLE 討價還價
    • (v.) to come to terms : AGREE 達成協議
    • (vt.) to bring to a desired level by bargaining 經談判後使得
    • (vt.) to sell or dispose of by bargaining 討價還價後賣掉
  • deed something that is done 行為 a usually illustrious act or action : FEAT, EXPLOIT 功業;功績 the act of performing : ACTION 行動

    a signed and usually sealed instrument containing some legal transfer, bargain, or contract 契據;證書

• itinerary : trip = agenda : meeting = syllabus : course = program : concert (對象關係) (左邊是右邊的進度)
  • itinerary, agenda 見上
  • syllabus (/ ˈsɪləbəs /) a summary outline of a discourse, treatise, or course of study or of examination requirements 教學大綱,課程大綱;要目

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Piquant

• / ˈpiːkənt /
• (n.)(v.) pique
• agreeably stimulating to the palate; especially: SPICY

  engagingly provocative; also: having a lively arch charm

  PUNGENT, PIQUANT, POIGNANT, RACY mean sharp and stimulating to the mind or the senses.

  • PUNGENT implies a sharp, stinging, or biting quality especially of odors a cheese with a pungent odor
  • PIQUANT suggests a power to whet the appetite or interest through tartness or mild pungency a piquant sauce
  • POIGNANT suggests something is sharply or piercingly effective in stirring one's consciousness or emotions felt a poignant sense of loss
  • RACY implies having a strongly characteristic natural quality fresh and unimpaired spontaneous, racy prose
• 辛辣的;夠刺激的;痛快的，有趣的
• a piquant sauce with garlic and red peppers

  a tale full of piquant characters and vivid descriptions

• piquant <> bland (/ blænd /)
  • a: smooth and soothing in manner or quality 和藹的;慰藉的 b: exhibiting no personal concern or embarrassment : UNPERTURBED 溫和的
  • a : not irritating, stimulating, or invigorating : SOOTHING 無刺激性的 b : DULL, INSIPID 淡而無味的;枯燥乏味的
• pique <> mollify

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Petulant

• / ˈpetʆulənt /
• insolent(不尊敬的) or rude in speech or behavior

  characterized by temporary or capricious ill humor : PEEVISH

• 無禮的,莽撞的，任性的,變化無常脾氣壞的
• Alexis walked out with a petulant look, and slammed the door.
• peevish : affable (反義類比)
  • peevish (/ ˈpiːvɪʆ /) querulous in temperament or mood : FRETFUL 易怒的,乖戾的,好抱怨的 perversely obstinate 頑固的 marked by ill temper 壞脾氣的
  • affable (fa: talk，/ ˈæfəbəl /)

    being pleasant and at ease in talking to others 和藹可親的;容易親近的 characterized by ease and friendliness 友善的;慈祥的

    GRACIOUS, CORDIAL, AFFABLE, GENIAL, SOCIABLE mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse.

    • GRACIOUS implies courtesy and kindly consideration the gracious award winner thanked her colleagues
    • CORDIAL stresses warmth and heartiness our host was cordial as he greeted us
    • AFFABLE implies easy approachability and readiness to respond pleasantly to conversation or requests or proposals though wealthy, she was affable to all
    • GENIAL stresses cheerfulness and even joviality a genial companion with a ready quip
    • SOCIABLE suggests a genuine liking for the companionship of others sociable people who enjoy entertaining

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Puissant

• /ˈpuɪsənt/
• (fr) powerful
• having puissance : POWERFUL

  puissance (/ˈpuɪsəns/) STRENGTH, POWER 權力;威勢

• 強有力的;強盛的;有權力的
• puissance <> powerlessness
• clout <> impuissance, impotence
  • clout (/ klaʊt /)
    • a piece of cloth or leather : RAG 破布;碎布
    • a blow especially with the hand; also: a hard hit in baseball (用手)敲打;長打
    • a white cloth on a stake or frame used as a target in archery 箭術目標的白布
    • PULL, INFLUENCE 力量;影響;影響力
    • (v.) to cover or patch with a clout 擊出長打(棒球)
    • (v.) to hit forcefully 猛擊
  • impuissance WEAKNESS, POWERLESSNESS 無力
  • impotence (im: not potent，/ ˈɪmpətəns /) the quality or state of being impotent 無能

    impotent (im: not potent，/ ˈɪmpətənt /)

    • not potent: lacking in power, strength, or vigor : HELPLESS 無能的
    • unable to have sexual intercourse because of erectile dysfunction; broadly: STERILE 性無能的

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Rampant

• / ˈræmpənt /
• 諧音: 「亂奔的」，相關之 v.: ramify
• rearing upon the hind legs with forelegs extended

  standing on one hind foot with one foreleg raised above the other and the head in profile used of a heraldic animal

  a : marked by a menacing wildness, extravagance, or absence of restraint b : WIDESPREAD

  having one impost or abutment higher than the other

• 用後腳立起的，蔓延的;猖獗的，繁茂的;蔓生的，狂暴的,猛烈的,不能控制的
• The country has high unemployment and rampant inflation.

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Recalcitrant

• / rɪˈkælsətrənt /
• re: back calc: kick
• obstinately defiant of authority or restraint

  a: difficult to manage or operate b: not responsive to treatment c: RESISTANT

  UNRULY, UNGOVERNABLE, INTRACTABLE, REFRACTORY, RECALCITRANT, WILLFUL, HEADSTRONG mean not submissive to government or control.

  • UNRULY implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior unruly children
  • UNGOVERNABLE implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others ungovernable rage
  • INTRACTABLE suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump
  • REFRACTORY stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold special schools for refractory children
  • RECALCITRANT suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace
  • WILLFUL implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way a willful disregard for the rights of others
  • HEADSTRONG suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion a headstrong young cavalry officer
  • GRE 3 「頑固抗命」 :
    • recalcitrant
    • refractory (re: again frac: break，/ rɪˈfræktəri /)
      • resisting control or authority : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE 執拗的
      • a: resistant to treatment or cure 難治的 b: unresponsive to stimulus 無反應的 c: IMMUNE, INSUSCEPTIBLE 有抵抗力的
      • difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out; especially: capable of enduring high temperature 耐火的
    • contumacious (tum: tumor 腫 => 自我膨脹到不受命，/ˌkəntuˈmeɪʆəs/) stubbornly disobedient : REBELLIOUS 頑固抗命的
• 反抗的;頑強的;不聽話的
• recalcitrant : obey = incongruent : conform (反面性質)
  • incongruent not congruent 不一致的

    congruent CONGRUOUS 適合的;一致的

    congrous

    • being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence 一致的
    • conforming to the circumstances or requirements of a situation: APPROPRIATE 適合的
    • marked or enhanced by harmonious agreement among constituent elements 協調的
• recalcitrant, refractory, contumacious : authority = reactionary : change = conservative : novelty, innovation, change (對象關係) (左邊抗拒右邊)
  • recalcitrant, refractory, contumacious GRE 3 「頑固抗命」 見上
  • reactionary relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction; especially: ultraconservative in politics 反動的,反動派的;極端保守的

    reaction 反應、反動、復古、倒退、(興奮過度)疲倦

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Redundant

• / rɪˈdʌndənt /
• a: exceeding what is necessary or normal: SUPERFLUOUS b: characterized by or containing an excess; specifically: using more words than necessary

  c: characterized by similarity or repetition d:(chiefly British) no longer needed for a job and hence laid off

  PROFUSE, LAVISH

  serving as a duplicate for preventing failure of an entire system (as a spacecraft) upon failure of a single component

• 多餘的,過剩的，冗言的，重複多餘的，冗員的，豐富的，備用系統
• As the economy weakens, more and more jobs will be made redundant.

  the removal of redundant information

• redundant : indispensability = indigent : wealth (反面性質)
  • indispensability not subject to being set aside or neglected 不可忽略 absolutely necessary : ESSENTIAL 必要;不可缺
  • indigent suffering from indigence : IMPOVERISHED 貧乏的

    indigence a level of poverty in which real hardship and deprivation are suffered and comforts of life are wholly lacking 貧乏;窮困

    POVERTY, INDIGENCE, PENURY, WANT, DESTITUTION mean the state of one with insufficient resources.

    • POVERTY may cover a range from extreme want of necessities to an absence of material comforts the extreme poverty of the slum dwellers
    • INDIGENCE implies seriously straitened circumstances the indigence of her years as a graduate student
    • PENURY suggests a cramping or oppressive lack of money a catastrophic illness that condemned them to years of penury
    • WANT and DESTITUTION imply extreme poverty that threatens life itself through starvation or exposure lived in a perpetual state of want，the widespread destitution in countries beset by famine

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Verdant

• / ˈvɜːdənt/
• verd: green (ex: verdigris)
• a: green in tint or color b: green with growing plants

  unripe in experience or judgment : GREEN

• (指植物、田野)青翠的;嫩綠的，無經驗的,不熟練的
• verdant, lush, luxuriant <> barren, sere, sterile
  • lush
    • growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage(葉) 蒼翠繁茂的 lush grass
    • lavishly productive: as (1): FERTILE (2): THRIVING (3): characterized by abundance : PLENTIFUL (4): PROSPEROUS, PROFITABLE 繁茂豐盛的
    • a: SAVORY, DELICIOUS 美味的 b: appealing to the senses (感官)舒服的 the lush sounds of the orchestra c: OPULENT, SUMPTUOUS 豐裕的
  • luxuriant (/ləgˈʒʊriənt /)
    • a: yielding abundantly : FERTILE, FRUITFUL 豐盛的 b: characterized by abundant growth : LUSH 繁茂的
    • abundantly and often extravagantly rich and varied : PROLIFIC 富饒的
    • characterized by luxury : LUXURIOUS 奢華的

      (PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.)

  • barren (bar: stop，/ˈbærən /) not reproducing 不生育的,不妊的 not productive as producing little or no vegetation : DESOLATE (土地等)貧瘠的,荒蕪的,不毛的

    DEVOID, LACKING 沒有的,缺乏的 lacking interest, information, or charm，DULL, UNRESPONSIVE 沈悶無趣的

  • sere (/sɪr/) being dried and withered 乾焦的;枯萎的
  • sterile (/ ˈsterəl /)
    • a: failing to bear or incapable of producing fruit or spores b: failing to produce or incapable of producing offspring c: incapable of germinating 不生育的;不結果實的;不生長的
    • of a flower: neither perfect nor pistillate (植物)只具雄蕊的;雌雄蕊俱無的
    • a: unproductive of vegetation b: free from living organisms and especially microorganisms 消過毒的,無菌的 c: lacking in stimulating emotional or intellectual quality: LIFELESS 枯燥乏味的;無生氣的

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Jocular

• /ˈdʒɑːkjulər /
• joc: joke
• given to jesting(開玩笑;打趣) : habitually jolly(快活的,高興的;令人愉快的) or jocund(歡樂的,快活的,高興的)

  characterized by jesting : PLAYFUL

  WITTY, HUMOROUS, FACETIOUS, JOCULAR, JOCOSE mean provoking or intended to provoke laughter.

  • WITTY suggests cleverness and quickness of mind a witty remark
  • HUMOROUS applies broadly to anything that evokes usually genial laughter and may contrast with witty in suggesting whimsicality or eccentricity humorous anecdotes
  • FACETIOUS stresses a desire to produce laughter and may be derogatory in implying dubious or ill-timed attempts at wit or humor facetious comments
  • JOCULAR implies a usually habitual fondness for jesting and joking a jocular fellow
  • JOCOSE is somewhat less derogatory than FACETIOUS in suggesting habitual waggishness or playfulness jocose proposals
• 愛開玩笑的;滑稽的，打趣的
• He sounded in a jocular mood.
• jocular <> serious, lachrymose (lachry: tear ose: 充滿，/ ˈlækrəmoʊs/) given to tears or weeping: TEARFUL 催淚的; tending to cause tears: MOURNFUL 悲哀的
• jocular, jovial <> lugubrious
  • jovial (jo: joy，/ ˈdʒoʊviəl/) markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality 天性快活的;愉快的

    MERRY, BLITHE, JOCUND, JOVIAL, JOLLY mean showing high spirits or lightheartedness.

    • MERRY suggests cheerful, joyous, uninhibited enjoyment of frolic or festivity a merry group of revelers
    • BLITHE suggests carefree, innocent, or even heedless gaiety arrived late in his usual blithe way
    • JOCUND stresses elation and exhilaration of spirits singing, dancing, and jocund feasting
    • JOVIAL suggests the stimulation of conviviality and good fellowship dinner put them in a jovial mood
    • JOLLY suggests high spirits expressed in laughing, bantering, and jesting our jolly host enlivened the party

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Insular

• /ˈɪnsələr/
• island
• a : of, relating to, or constituting an island b : dwelling or situated on an island

  characteristic of an isolated people; especially: being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint

• 島嶼的,海島的，島民的;具有島民特點的，孤立的;心胸狹窄的，
• an insular community
• <>: cosmopolitan (cosmo: cosmos 宇宙，/ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətən/)
  • having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope or bearing 無狹隘偏見的;心胸開闊的
  • having wide international sophistication : WORLDLY 有世界觀的
  • composed of persons, constituents, or elements from all or many parts of the world 由世界各地組成的
  • found in most parts of the world and under varied ecological conditions 遍生的,廣佈的
  • (n.) 世界主義者;四海為家者，世界各地都有的東西

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Titular

• / ˈtɪtʆulər/
• title
• existing in title only; especially: bearing a title derived from a defunct ecclesiastical jurisdiction (as an episcopal see)

  having the title and usually the honors belonging to an office or dignity without the duties, functions, or responsibilities

  bearing a title : TITLED

  of, relating to, or constituting a title

  (n.) a person holding a title

• 只有頭銜的，有榮譽頭銜但無實際責任的，(有)稱號的;(有)頭銜的，標題的 (n.) 有名義(或頭銜)的人
• However, sources say the job's more titular than real with Waxman wanting to stay in the Boston area.
• nominal : figurehead = absolute : autocrat (正面性質)
  • nominal (nom: name)
    • of, relating to, or being a noun or a word or expression taking a noun construction 名詞性的
    • a : of, relating to, or constituting a name b : bearing the name of a person 名字的,列名的
    • existing or being something in name or form only 名義上的,有名無實的
    • of, being, or relating to a designated or theoretical size that may vary from the actual : APPROXIMATE 理論預估值
    • TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT 不重要的;微不足道的
    • of a rate of interest a: equal to the annual rate of simple interest that would obtain if interest were not compounded when in fact it is compounded and paid for periods of less than a year b: equal to the percentage by which a repaid loan exceeds the principal borrowed with no adjustment made for inflation
    • (n.) a word or word group functioning as a noun 名詞性的詞
  • figurehead a head or chief in name only 有名無實的首腦,名義上的領袖 the figure on a ship's bow 船首像,破浪神
  • autocrat a person (as a monarch) ruling with unlimited authority 獨裁者,專制君主 one who has undisputed influence or power 有不容置疑影響力的人
• nominal : significance = disjunctive : unity (反面性質)
  • nominal 見上
  • disjunctive
    • relating to, being, or forming a logical disjunction 邏輯轉折反義的
    • expressing an alternative or opposition between the meanings of the words connected 表達另外或相反意義的
    • expressed by mutually exclusive alternatives joined by or 表達戶斥的另外看法
    • marked by breaks or disunity 分離的;分裂的
  • disjunction a sharp cleavage : DISUNION, SEPARATION 分離;分裂

    a compound sentence in logic formed by joining two simple statements by or: a: INCLUSIVE DISJUNCTION b: EXCLUSIVE DISJUNCTION

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Alimentary

• / ˌæləmentəri/
• ali: other (ex: alibi, alias) => 消化成其他東西
• of or relating to nourishment or nutrition

  furnishing sustenance or maintenance

• 營養的，給予扶助的,供養的
• alimentary canal 消化道
• stomach : digestion = lung : respiration (器官功用) (左邊器官用來右邊)
  • respiration (/ ˌrespəˈreɪʆən /) a single complete act of breathing 呼吸
• alibi : exculpate, exucse = sophism : deceive = caveat : admonish (功用目的) (左邊用來右邊)
  • alibi (ali: other => 在其他地方 => 不在場證明，/ ˈæləbaɪ /)
    • the plea of having been at the time of the commission of an act elsewhere than at the place of commission; also: the fact or state of having been elsewhere at the time 不在犯罪現場的證明(或申辯)
    • an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment (as for failure or negligence) 藉口;託辭
    • (v.) to offer an excuse 辯解
  • excuse (可當 n. 和 v.)
  • exculpate (ex: out culp: blame，/ ˈekskʌlpeɪt /) to clear from alleged fault or guilt 開脫;使無罪 (<>: inculpate)

    EXCULPATE, ABSOLVE, EXONERATE, ACQUIT, VINDICATE mean to free from a charge.

    • EXCULPATE implies a clearing from blame or fault often in a matter of small importance exculpating himself from the charge of overenthusiasm
    • ABSOLVE implies a release either from an obligation that binds the conscience or from the consequences of disobeying the law or committing a sin

      cannot be absolved of blame

    • EXONERATE implies a complete clearance from an accusation or charge and from any attendant suspicion of blame or guilt exonerated by the investigation
    • ACQUIT implies a formal decision in one's favor with respect to a definite charge voted to acquit the defendant
    • VINDICATE may refer to things as well as persons that have been subjected to critical attack or imputation of guilt, weakness, or folly,

      and implies a clearing effected by proving the unfairness of such criticism or blame her judgment was vindicated

  • admonish
    • a: to indicate duties or obligations to b: to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner 訓戒;警告
    • to give friendly earnest advice or encouragement to 勸告;忠告

      REPROVE, REBUKE, REPRIMAND, ADMONISH, REPROACH, CHIDE mean to criticize adversely.

      • REPROVE implies an often kindly intent to correct a fault gently reproved my table manners

        (re: back prove: approve) to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent 責備,指責,非難

      • REBUKE suggests a sharp or stern reproof the papal letter rebuked dissenting clerics

        to criticize sharply : REPRIMAND 指責,非難;訓斥

      • REPRIMAND implies a severe, formal, often public or official rebuke reprimanded by the ethics committee

        (/ ˈreprɪmɑːnd/) to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authority 訓斥,斥責;譴責

      • ADMONISH suggests earnest or friendly warning and counsel admonished by my parents to control expenses
      • REPROACH and CHIDE suggest displeasure or disappointment expressed in mild reproof or scolding reproached him for tardiness, chided by their mother for untidiness

        (proach: approach) to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment 責備;斥責

        to bring into discredit 使蒙恥;引起對...的指摘

        irreproachable not reproachable : BLAMELESS, IMPECCABLE 無可非議的

        (child) to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD 責備;責怪;責罵

  • sophism (/ˈsɑfɪzəm/) an argument apparently correct in form but actually invalid; especially: such an argument used to deceive 詭辯
  • caveat (/ˈkeɪviæt/)
    • a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices 警告禁止 an explanation to prevent misinterpretation 避免誤會的解釋
    • a legal warning to a judicial officer to suspend a proceeding until the opposition has a hearing 中止訴訟手續
• alibi : exculpatory = warning : admonitory (功用目的) (左邊用來作右邊性質的事)
  • alibi, exculpatory 見上 (exculpatory 是 adj.)
  • admonitory (adj.) expressing admonition : WARNING 告戒的;忠告的;警告的;

    admonition gentle or friendly reproof 善意責備 counsel or warning against fault or oversight 告誡;警告;勸告

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Ancillary

• /ˈænsəleri /
• SUBORDINATE, SUBSIDIARY

  AUXILIARY, SUPPLEMENTARY

  • subordinate (sub: under ord: order) (可當 adj. v. n.)
    • placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position : INFERIOR 下級的;次要的;隸屬的
    • submissive to or controlled by authority 順從受控制的
    • of, relating to, or constituting a clause that functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb 從屬子句的
  • subsidiary (sub: under sid: sit) (可當 adj. n.)

    furnishing aid or support : AUXILIARY 輔助的 of secondary importance 次要的 of, relating to, or constituting a subsidy 貼補的

• 從屬的;次要的，輔助的;補充的
• Agreement was reached on several ancillary matters.
• <>: chief
• preponderant <> commensurate, subsidiary, secondary
  • preponderant (ponder: 重量) having superior weight, force, or influence 優勢的;壓倒性的;突出的 having greater prevalence 盛行的

    DOMINANT, PREDOMINANT, PARAMOUNT, PREPONDERANT mean superior to all others in influence or importance.

    • DOMINANT applies to something that is uppermost because ruling or controlling a dominant social class
    • PREDOMINANT applies to something that exerts, often temporarily, the most marked influence a predominant emotion
    • PARAMOUNT implies supremacy in importance, rank, or jurisdiction unemployment was the paramount issue in the campaign
    • PREPONDERANT applies to an element or factor that outweighs all others in influence or effect preponderant evidence in her favor
  • commensurate (com: same mensura: measure，/ kəˈmenʆərɪt/)
    • equal in measure or extent : COEXTENSIVE 等量相稱的
    • corresponding in size, extent, amount, or degree : PROPORTIONATE 成比例的;均衡的,相稱的

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Arbitrary

• /ˈɑːrbɪtreri /
• arbitrate to act as arbiter upon，to submit or refer for decision to an arbiter 仲裁;調停;公斷
• depending on individual discretion (as of a judge) and not fixed by law

  not restrained or limited in the exercise of power : ruling by absolute authority

  marked by or resulting from the unrestrained and often tyrannical exercise of power

  based on or determined by individual preference or convenience rather than by necessity or the intrinsic nature of something

  existing or coming about seemingly at random or by chance or as a capricious and unreasonable act of will

• 武斷的，專制的，獨斷的，隨心所欲的，反覆無常的,任性多變的
• The fans complained about the apparently arbitrary distribution of tickets for the next game.
• discretionary <> obligatory

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Auxiliary

• / ɔːgˈzɪljəri/
• aux, ax, aug: 增加 (ex: wax, augment)
• a: offering or providing help b: functioning in a subsidiary capacity

  of a verb: accompanying another verb and typically expressing person, number, mood, or tense

  a: SUPPLEMENTARY b: constituting a reserve

  equipped with sails and a supplementary inboard engine

  (n.) an auxiliary person, group, or device; specifically: a member of a foreign force serving a nation at war

  (n.) an auxiliary boat or ship

  (n.) an auxiliary verb

  • ancillary
• 輔助的，附屬的;從屬的，助動詞的，預備的;後備的，(艦船)非戰鬥用的;

  (n.) 輔助者,助手;輔助物，外國援軍,盟國援軍， (裝有發動機的)帆船，助動詞

• an auxiliary power supply

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Desultory

• / ˈdesəltɔːri /
• de: around sult: jump => jump around => 不專心，散漫
• marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose

  not connected with the main subject

  disappointing in progress or performance : SLUGGISH

• 缺乏計畫、規律、目標的，與主題不連貫的，進度表現上令人失望的
• They talked briefly in a desultory manner.
• <>: carefully planned, strictly methodical, assiduous
  • methodical arranged, characterized by, or performed with method or order 井然有序，辦事有條不紊的 habitually proceeding according to method : SYSTEMATIC 行事講究方法的
  • assiduous (sid: sit => 一直坐在那很專心，/ əˈsɪdʒuəs /)

    marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application 持續專心的;勤勉的;照顧周到的

    BUSY, INDUSTRIOUS, DILIGENT, ASSIDUOUS, SEDULOUS mean actively engaged or occupied.

    • BUSY chiefly stresses activity as opposed to idleness or leisure too busy to spend time with the children
    • INDUSTRIOUS (industry) implies characteristic or habitual devotion to work industrious employees
    • DILIGENT suggests earnest application to some specific object or pursuit very diligent in her pursuit of a degree
    • ASSIDUOUS stresses careful and unremitting application assiduous practice
    • SEDULOUS (sed: sit) implies painstaking and persevering application a sedulous investigation of the murder
• desultory : plan, regularity, purpose = languid : energy = sluggish : industriousness = facile : profundity (對象關係) (左邊缺乏右邊)
  • languid (/ ˈlæŋgwɪd/)
    • drooping or flagging from or as if from exhaustion: WEAK 軟弱無力的,倦怠的
    • sluggish in character or disposition : LISTLESS 不感興趣的,沒精打采的
    • lacking force or quickness of movement : SLOW 呆滯的;遲緩的
  • sluggish (slug: 蛞蝓，被視作懶散 => sluggard)
    • averse to activity or exertion : INDOLENT; also : TORPID 不大想動的;懶散的
    • slow to respond (as to stimulation or treatment) 緩慢的,遲鈍的
    • a : markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth b : economically inactive or slow 呆滯的;蕭條的
  • industriousness (industry) 勤勉;勤奮

    industrious (industry) persistently active : ZEALOUS 持續積極的 constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied : DILIGENT 勤奮的 (同義字見上 ASSIDUOUS)

  • facile (/ˈfæsəl /)
    • a(1): easily accomplished or attained 易做到的 (2): SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL 華而不實、膚淺的 b: used or comprehended with ease 易使用的 c: readily manifested and often lacking sincerity or depth 已表明的(通常缺乏誠意或深度)
  • profundity (/ prəˈfʌndəti /) a: intellectual depth (知識)深度 b: something profound or abstruse 深奧 the quality or state of being profound or deep 深奧

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Dilatory

• / ˈdɪlətɔːri /
• lat: late (音近： delay)
• tending or intended to cause delay

  characterized by procrastination : TARDY

  • tardy (tard: late (ex: retard))
    • moving slowly : SLUGGISH 緩慢的,遲鈍的
    • delayed beyond the expected or proper time : LATE 遲延的,遲到的
• 慢的;拖延的
• Their unreasonable demands had a dilatory effect on the peace process.
• alacrity <> dilatoriness, hesitance
  • hesitance (/ ˈhezətəns/，hesitancy) the quality or state of being hesitant: as a: INDECISION b: RELUCTANCE 遲疑;躊躇

    hesitant (/ ˈhezətənt /) tending to hesitate 遲疑的;躊躇的

    hesitate to hold back in doubt or indecision 猶疑 to delay momentarily : PAUSE 躊躇 STAMMER 說話吞吞吐吐

    HESITATE, WAVER, VACILLATE, FALTER mean to show irresolution or uncertainty.

    • HESITATE implies a pause before deciding or acting or choosing hesitated before answering the question
    • WAVER implies hesitation after seeming to decide and so connotes weakness or a retreat wavered in his support of the rebels
    • VACILLATE implies prolonged hesitation from inability to reach a firm decision vacillated until events were out of control
    • FALTER implies a wavering or stumbling and often connotes nervousness, lack of courage, or outright fear never once faltered during her testimony
• precipitate <> dilatory (adj.), retard (v.)
  • retard (tard: late) to slow up especially by preventing or hindering advance or accomplishment : IMPEDE 阻礙使緩慢

    DELAY, RETARD, SLOW, SLACKEN, DETAIN mean to cause to be late or behind in movement or progress.

    • DELAY implies a holding back, usually by interference, from completion or arrival bad weather delayed our arrival
    • RETARD suggests reduction of speed without actual stopping language barriers retarded their progress
    • SLOW and SLACKEN also imply a reduction of speed
    • SLOW often suggesting deliberate intention medication slowed the patient's heart rate
    • SLACKEN an easing up or relaxing of power or effort on hot days runners slacken their pace
    • DETAIN implies a holding back beyond a reasonable or appointed time unexpected business had detained her
• dilatory : procrastinate = malcontent : complain (正面性質)
  • procrastinate (crastin: tomorrow，/ prəˈkræstəneɪt /) to put off intentionally and habitually (故意或習慣性)拖延

    DELAY, PROCRASTINATE, LAG, LOITER, DAWDLE, DALLY mean to move or act slowly so as to fall behind.

    • DELAY usually implies a putting off (as a beginning or departure) we cannot delay any longer
    • PROCRASTINATE implies blameworthy delay especially through laziness or apathy procrastinates about making decisions
    • LAG implies failure to maintain a speed set by others lagging behind in technology
    • LOITER and DAWDLE imply delay while in progress, especially in walking, but DAWDLE more clearly suggests an aimless wasting of time

      loitered at several store windows，children dawdling on their way home from school

    • DALLY suggests delay through trifling or vacillation when promptness is necessary stop dallying and get to work
  • malcontent (mal: bad content: 滿意，/ˌmælkənˈtent /) dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs : DISCONTENTED 不滿現狀的
• filibuster : delay = anodyne : relieve (目的功用)
  • filibuster (諧音: 費力把事拖，/ ˈfɪləbʌstər/)
    • the use of extreme dilatory tactics in an attempt to delay or prevent action especially in a legislative assembly 以冗長的演說等手法進行阻撓議事的行動
    • (v.) to carry out insurrectionist(造反叛亂) activities in a foreign country 造反叛亂
  • anodyne (/ ˈænədaɪn /) something that soothes, calms, or comforts 緩和物 a drug that allays pain 止痛藥
  • relieve
    • a: to free from a burden: give aid or help to b: to set free from an obligation, condition, or restriction 緩和,減輕;解除
    • to ease of a burden, wrong, or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition 緩和,減輕;解除
    • a: to bring about the removal or alleviation of : MITIGATE 使寬慰,使放心 b: ROB, DEPRIVE 偷,竊去
    • a: to release from a post, station, or duty 解除職務 b: to take the place of 接替
    • to remove or lessen the monotony of 調劑,使不單調乏味
    • a: to set off by contrast b: to raise in relief
    • to discharge the bladder or bowels of (oneself) 方便(小解大解)
• respite : labor = moratorum : activity (反面性質) (左邊暫緩右邊)
  • moratorium (/mɔːrəˈtɔːriəm/)
    • a legally authorized period of delay in the performance of a legal obligation or the payment of a debt 延期償付;延期償付權
    • a waiting period set by an authority 等待期間
    • a suspension of activity (行動,活動的)暫停;中止

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Exemplary

• / ɪgˈzempləri /
• example
• a: serving as a pattern b: deserving imitation : COMMENDABLE

  serving as a warning : MONITORY

  serving as an example, instance, or illustration

• 模範的;值得仿效的;懲戒性的;示範的 (亦可當 n.)
• a company with an exemplary record on environmental issues
• exemplary, archetype, paradigm : exemplify = correctvie : amend = harbinger : presage (功用目的)
  • archetype (arch: first) the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies : PROTOTYPE; also: a perfect example 原型，完美例子
  • paradigm (/ ˈpærədaɪm /) EXAMPLE, PATTERN; especially: an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype 典範

    paragon a model of excellence or perfection 模範

  • exemplify (example)
    • to show or illustrate by example 例示 a: to be an instance of or serve as an example: EMBODY b: to be typical of 作為...的例子
    • to make an attested copy or transcript of (a document) under seal 製作經公章證明的(文件)的謄本
  • corrective (correct，可當 adj.、n.) intended to correct 矯正的; (n.) 矯正物
  • amend
    • to put right; especially: to make emendations in (as a text) 修訂
    • to change or modify for the better: IMPROVE 改進,改善
    • to alter especially in phraseology; especially: to alter formally by modification, deletion, or addition 修訂字詞使正式(修憲)

      CORRECT, RECTIFY, EMEND, REMEDY, REDRESS, AMEND, REFORM, REVISE mean to make right what is wrong.

      • CORRECT implies taking action to remove errors, faults, deviations, defects correct your spelling
      • RECTIFY implies a more essential changing to make something right, just, or properly controlled or directed rectify a misguided policy
      • EMEND specifically implies correction of a text or manuscript emend a text
      • REMEDY implies removing or making harmless a cause of trouble, harm, or evil set out to remedy the evils of the world
      • REDRESS implies making compensation or reparation for an unfairness, injustice, or imbalance redress past social injustices
      • AMEND, REFORM, REVISE imply an improving by making corrective changes,

        AMEND usually suggesting slight changes amend a law

        REFORM implying drastic change plans to reform the court system

        REVISE suggesting a careful examination of something and the making of necessary changes revise the schedule

  • presage (pre，sage: 聖人賢人 => 先聖，/ ˈpresɪdʒ/)
    • something that foreshadows or portends a future event : OMEN 預示,預兆
    • an intuition or feeling of what is going to happen in the future 預感,預知
    • warning or indication of the future 預示,預兆
• emulation : exemplar = deference : authority (對象關係)
  • deference respect and esteem due a superior or an elder; also: affected or ingratiating regard for another's wishes 敬意,尊敬;服從;遵從

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Mercenary

• /ˈmɜːrsəneri/
• merchant 商人
• serving merely for pay or sordid advantage : VENAL; also: GREEDY

  hired for service in the army of a foreign country

  (n.) one that serves merely for wages; especially: a soldier hired into foreign service

• (adj.) 為金錢的;圖利的;外國傭兵的的 (n.) 以金錢為目的的人，傭兵
• an army of foreign mercenaries

  She did it for purely mercenary reasons.

• mercenary : money = vindictive : revenge (正面性質)
  • mercenary 在此當 adj.
  • revenge to avenge (as oneself) usually by retaliating in kind or degree 替...報仇 to inflict injury in return for 報復回擊

    GRE 2 「報復」： revenge, reprisal

• mercenary : solider = hack : writer (種類類比) (左邊是為了錢的右邊)
  • hack
    • a person who works solely for mercenary reasons : HIRELING 為錢工作的人
    • a writer who works on order; also : a writer who aims solely for commercial success 雇傭文人;只顧商業利益作家

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Obligatory

• / əˈblɪgətɔːri /
• binding in law or conscience

  relating to or enforcing an obligation

  MANDATORY, REQUIRED

• 有義務的;義不容辭的，必須的;必修的
• It is obligatory for companies to provide details of their industrial processes.
• <>: discretionary
• debt : obligation = subsidy : support (同義類比，種類類比)
  • debt SIN, TRESPASS 罪 something owed : OBLIGATION 債,借款 a state of owing 欠
  • subsidy (sub: under sid: sit) a grant or gift of money: as 津貼,補貼;補助金
    • a sum of money formerly granted by the British Parliament to the crown and raised by special taxation (舊時英國議會發給王室的)特別津貼
    • money granted by one state to another(一國為換取另一國軍事援助而給的)財政援助
    • a grant by a government to a private person or company to assist an enterprise deemed(視作) advantageous to the public

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Perfunctory

• / pərˈfʌŋktəri/
• per: thoroughly 完全 func: function => 完全作用 => 沒有創新
• characterized by routine or superficiality : MECHANICAL

  lacking in interest or enthusiasm

• 例行表面的，不感興趣的,敷衍的,馬虎的;得過且過的
• She gave him a perfunctory smile.
• obsession <> perfunctory interest
• insolently : veneration = perfunctorily : inspiration (反面性質) (把左邊 adv. 轉成 adj. 看)
  • insolent (/ ˈɪnsələnt /) insultingly contemptuous in speech or conduct: OVERBEARING 傲慢的;侮慢的 exhibiting boldness or effrontery: IMPUDENT 厚顏的

    PROUD, ARROGANT, HAUGHTY, LORDLY, INSOLENT, OVERBEARING, SUPERCILIOUS, DISDAINFUL mean showing scorn for inferiors.

    • PROUD may suggest an assumed superiority or loftiness too proud to take charity
    • ARROGANT implies a claiming for oneself of more consideration or importance than is warranted a conceited and arrogant executive
    • HAUGHTY suggests a consciousness of superior birth or position a haughty aristocrat
    • LORDLY implies pomposity or an arrogant display of power a lordly condescension
    • INSOLENT implies contemptuous haughtiness ignored by an insolent waiter
    • OVERBEARING suggests a tyrannical manner or an intolerable insolence an overbearing supervisor
    • SUPERCILIOUS implies a cool, patronizing haughtiness an aloof and supercilious manner
    • DISDAINFUL suggests a more active and openly scornful superciliousness disdainful of their social inferiors

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Predatory

• / ˈpredətɔːri /
• predator (/ ˈpredətər/) one that preys, destroys, or devours 掠奪者 an animal that lives by predation 掠食動物
• of, relating to, or practicing plunder, pillage, or rapine

  inclined or intended to injure or exploit others for personal gain or profit

  living by predation : PREDACEOUS; also: adapted to predation

• 劫掠的;掠奪的，傷害別人使自己得利的，以捕食其他動物為生的
• In due course the numbers will be drastically reduced by natural mortalities, disease and predators being the chief causes.
• aspirant : quarry = hunter : prey (人物對象) (左邊人物追尋獵取右邊對象)
  • aspirant (/əˈspaɪrənt/) one who aspires (名譽、地位等的)追求者;懷有大志者

    aspire (/əˈspaɪr /) to seek to attain or accomplish a particular goal 熱望,嚮往;懷有大志

  • quarry (/ˈkwɔːri/)
    • GAME; specifically: game hunted with hawks 獵物(指鳥,獸等)
    • one that is sought or pursued : PREY 被追逐的目標
    • an open excavation usually for obtaining building stone, slate, or limestone 採石場
    • a rich source (知識等的)豐富源泉;(消息等的)來源
    • a diamond-shaped pane of glass, stone, or tile 鑽石形狀鑲板
    • (v.) to dig or take from or as if from a quarry 在採石場採石，努力發掘
    • (v.) to make a quarry in
  • prey
    • an animal taken by a predator as food 被捕食的動物 one that is helpless or unable to resist attack : VICTIM 無助的或無法抵禦的人
    • the act or habit of preying 捕食
    • (v.) to make raids for the sake of booty(掠奪物) 掠奪,劫掠
    • (v.) to seize and devour prey 捕食,攫食 b : to commit violence or robbery or fraud 掠奪,劫掠;詐取
    • (v.) to have an injurious, destructive, or wasting effect 使受傷,破壞,浪費
• reconnoiter : information = prowl : prey (對象類比) (左邊蒐集右邊)
  • reconnoiter (recognize，/ˌrekəˈnɔɪtər /) to make a reconnaissance of 偵察,勘查,探勘

    reconnaissance (recognize，/ rɪˈkɒnəsəns/) a preliminary survey to gain information; especially: an exploratory military survey of enemy territory 偵察;勘察;事先考查

  • prowl (/praʊl /) (v.) to move about or wander stealthily in or as if in search of prey 暗中來回覓食;徘徊;潛行 (n.) an act or instance of prowling 四處覓食;徘徊;搜尋

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Salutary

• / ˈsæljuteri /
• salu: (fr.) health
• producing a beneficial effect : REMEDIAL

  promoting health : CURATIVE

  HEALTHFUL, WHOLESOME, SALUBRIOUS, SALUTARY mean favorable to the health of mind or body.

  • HEALTHFUL implies a positive contribution to a healthy condition a healthful diet
  • WHOLESOME (whole: 全 => 健全) applies to what benefits, builds up, or sustains physically, mentally, or spiritually

    wholesome foods，the movie is wholesome family entertainment

  • SALUBRIOUS (salu: health) applies chiefly to the helpful effects of climate or air cool and salubrious weather
  • SALUTARY describes something corrective or beneficially effective, even though it may in itself be unpleasant a salutary warning that resulted in increased production
• 有益的,有利的，有益健康的,強身的
• Losing money in this way taught young Jones a salutary lesson.
• <>: deleterious
  (deleter: 有害(微妙而看不出)，/ ˌdeləˈtɪriəs/) harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way 有害的(微妙看不出或非期待的)

  PERNICIOUS, BANEFUL, NOXIOUS, DELETERIOUS, DETRIMENTAL mean exceedingly harmful.

  • PERNICIOUS implies irreparable harm done through evil or insidious corrupting or undermining the claim that pornography has a pernicious effect on society
  • BANEFUL implies injury through poisoning or destroying the baneful notion that discipline destroys creativity
  • NOXIOUS applies to what is both offensive and injurious to the health of a body or mind noxious chemical fumes
  • DELETERIOUS applies to what has an often unsuspected harmful effect a diet found to have deleterious effects
  • DETRIMENTAL implies obvious harmfulness to something specified the detrimental effects of excessive drinking

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Celibate

• / ˈseləbɪt /
• lib: free, liberal
• a person who lives in celibacy

  celibacy (lib: free, liberal，/ ˈseləbəsi/) the state of not being married 未婚 abstention from sexual intercourse 禁欲 abstention by vow from marriage 發誓不結婚

• 獨身者;獨身主義者 (亦可當 adj.)
• Catholic priests are required to be celibate.
• celibate : marry (反面性質)

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Cognate

• / ˈkɒgneɪt/
• co: same gnate: born => 共同生出來 => 同起源
• of the same or similar nature : generically alike

  related by blood; also : related on the mother's side

  related by descent from the same ancestral language

  (n.) one that is cognate with another

• 同族的;同源的;同文同種的 (n.) 同族;同系語言;同源詞,同根詞;
• Classic, classical, and class are cognates.
• <>: of different origins

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Consummate

• /kɑnˈsʌmɪt/
• con: together summ: summit 峰頂 => 技術登峰造極
• complete in every detail : PERFECT 完美的;圓滿的;絕頂的 extremely skilled and accomplished 熟練的,技藝高超的;高明的 of the highest degree 最高級的

  (v.) FINISH, COMPLETE 完成 to make perfect 使臻完美 ACHIEVE 達成 to make (marital union) complete by sexual intercourse 圓房,完婚

• <>: amateurish (/ ˈæmətʆɜːɪʆ ) 外行的(含輕蔑之意),業餘的;笨拙的,不熟練的

  amateur (/ˈæmətʆər/)

  • DEVOTEE, ADMIRER 愛好者
  • one who engages in a pursuit, study, science, or sport as a pastime rather than as a profession (科學,藝術,運動等的)業餘從事者
  • one lacking in experience and competence in an art or science 外行人
  • AMATEUR, DILETTANTE, DABBLER, TYRO mean a person who follows a pursuit without attaining proficiency or professional status.
    • AMATEUR often applies to one practicing an art without mastery of its essentials a painting obviously done by an amateur

      in sports it may also suggest not so much lack of skill but avoidance of direct remuneration remained an amateur despite lucrative offers

    • DILETTANTE may apply to the lover of an art rather than its skilled practitioner but usually implies elegant trifling in the arts and an absence of serious commitment

      had no patience for dilettantes

    • DABBLER suggests desultory habits of work and lack of persistence a dabbler who started novels but never finished them

      dabble

      • to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water (把手、腳等)浸入水中;(用手、腳等)嬉水
      • to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 鳥啄水面覓食 (淺淺啄 => 這碰一點、那碰一點)
      • to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest 業餘涉獵
    • TYRO implies inexperience often combined with audacity with resulting crudeness or blundering shows talent but is still a mere tyro
• consummate : skilled (程度類比)

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Word

• Pronunciation
• Prefix & Root
• Eng Def. (synonym)
• Chinese Def.
• Example sentence
• <>:
• Analogy (****)

• ......

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