Honesty vs. ETS

GRE_Vocabulary_Luxin_Adj2

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Disparate

/ ˈdɪspərɪt /
dis: not par: equal (ex: parity: the quality or state of being equal or equivalent 相等)
containing or made up of fundamentally different and often incongruous elements
markedly distinct in quality or character
DIFFERENT, DIVERSE, DIVERGENT, DISPARATE, VARIOUS mean unlike in kind or character.
- DIFFERENT may imply little more than separateness but it may also imply contrast or contrariness different foods
- DIVERSE implies both distinctness and marked contrast such diverse interests as dancing and football
- DIVERGENT implies movement away from each other and unlikelihood of ultimate meeting or reconciliation went on to pursue divergent careers
- DISPARATE emphasizes incongruity or incompatibility disparate notions of freedom
- VARIOUS stresses the number of sorts or kinds tried various methods
不同的;異類的
Many disparate forms of information can be linked together in the database.
<>: commensurate, tantamount, equal, same
- commensurate (com: same mensura: measure，/ kəˈmenʆərɪt/)
  - equal in measure or extent : COEXTENSIVE 等量相稱的
  - corresponding in size, extent, amount, or degree : PROPORTIONATE 成比例的;均衡的,相稱的
- tantamount (tant: equal amount，/ ˈtæntəmaʊnt /) equivalent in value, significance, or effect (價值,重要性,效果)同等的

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Effeminate

/ ɪˈfemɪnət /
femi: female 女人氣的;柔弱的;
having feminine qualities untypical of a man : not manly in appearance or manner
marked by an unbecoming delicacy or overrefinement
女人氣的;柔弱的;無男子氣概的，過於強調精細的;過份精鍊的
He was very young and handsome in a slightly effeminate way.

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Inchoate

/ ɪnˈkoʊɪt/
in: not cho: cook => 還沒煮好 => 還沒完備
being only partly in existence or operation; especially : imperfectly formed or formulated : FORMLESS
剛開始的;部分存在運作的;未完的
But it was a vague idea, little more, Neville remembers, than an inchoate impulse.
inchoate : realized = immature : developed = volatile : stable = transitory : permanent (反義類比)
- realize
  - to bring into concrete existence : ACCOMPLISH 實現;使成為事實 to cause to seem real: make appear real 使看起來為真
  - to convert into actual money 變現 to bring or get by sale, investment, or effort : GAIN 把(證券,產業等)變賣;(以變賣產業等)獲(利);售得,賣得
  - to conceive vividly as real : be fully aware of 領悟,了解,認識到
    THINK, CONCEIVE, IMAGINE, FANCY, REALIZE, ENVISAGE, ENVISION mean to form an idea of.
    - THINK implies the entrance of an idea into one's mind with or without deliberate consideration or reflection I just thought of a good joke
    - CONCEIVE suggests the forming and bringing forth and usually developing of an idea, plan, or design conceived of a new marketing approach
    - IMAGINE stresses a visualization imagine you're at the beach
    - FANCY suggests an imagining often unrestrained by reality but spurred by desires fancied himself a super athlete
    - REALIZE stresses a grasping of the significance of what is conceived or imagined realized the enormity of the task ahead
    - ENVISAGE and ENVISION imply a conceiving or imagining that is especially clear or detailed
      envisaged a totally computerized operation，envisioned a cure for the disease
- transitory (/ ˈtrænzɪtɔːri /) tending to pass away : not persistent 無常的 of brief duration : TEMPORARY 短暫的
  TRANSIENT, TRANSITORY, EPHEMERAL, MOMENTARY, FUGITIVE, FLEETING, EVANESCENT mean lasting or staying only a short time.
  - TRANSIENT applies to what is actually short in its duration or stay a hotel catering primarily to transient guests
  - TRANSITORY applies to what is by its nature or essence bound to change, pass, or come to an end fame in the movies is transitory
  - EPHEMERAL implies striking brevity of life or duration many slang words are ephemeral
  - MOMENTARY suggests coming and going quickly and therefore being merely a brief interruption of a more enduring state my feelings of guilt were only momentary
  - FUGITIVE and FLEETING imply passing so quickly as to make apprehending difficult
    let a fugitive smile flit across his face，fleeting moments of joy
  - EVANESCENT suggests a quick vanishing and an airy or fragile quality the story has an evanescent touch of whimsy that is lost in translation
- permanent (/ ˈpɜːmənənt/) continuing or enduring without fundamental or marked change : STABLE 永久不變的,永恆不變的;永遠的

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Inveterate

/ ɪnˈvetərət /
in: inside veter: old (ex: veteran 老兵) => 根深蒂固的
firmly established by long persistence
confirmed in a habit : HABITUAL
INVETERATE, CONFIRMED, CHRONIC mean firmly established.
- INVETERATE applies to a habit, attitude or feeling of such long existence as to be practically ineradicable or unalterable an inveterate smoker
- CONFIRMED implies a growing stronger and firmer with time so as to resist change or reform a confirmed bachelor
- CHRONIC suggests something that is persistent or endlessly recurrent and troublesome a chronic complainer
根深蒂固的，積習的
the inveterate tendency to overlook the obvious
<>: uninitiated, casual
- uninitiated not initiated : INEXPERIENCED 缺乏某種特定知識和經驗的;不識此道的
  initiated (v.) (亦可當 adj.、n.)
  - to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going 開始;創始;開始實施 initiate a program of reform
  - to induct into membership by or as if by special rites (通過正式或祕密儀式)接納(新成員)
  - to instruct in the rudiments or principles of something : INTRODUCE 把初步知識傳授給;使初步了解
    BEGIN, COMMENCE, START, INITIATE, INAUGURATE, USHER IN mean to take the first step in a course, process, or operation.
    - BEGIN, START, and COMMENCE are often interchangeable.
      BEGIN, opposed to end, is the most general begin a trip，began dancing
      START, opposed to stop, applies especially to first actions, steps, or stages the work started slowly
      COMMENCE can be more formal or bookish than BEGIN or START commence firing，commenced a conversation
    - INITIATE implies taking a first step in a process or series that is to continue initiated diplomatic contacts
    - INAUGURATE suggests a beginning of some formality or notion of significance the discovery of penicillin inaugurated a new era in medicine
    - USHER IN is somewhat less weighty than INAUGURATE ushered in a period of economic decline
- casual
  - subject to, resulting from, or occurring by chance 偶然的,碰巧的
  - occurring without regularity : OCCASIONAL，employed for irregular periods 不定期的
  - a: feeling or showing little concern : NONCHALANT 隨便的,漫不經心的 b(1): INFORMAL, NATURAL 非正式的;自然的 (2): designed for informal use 非正式的
    RANDOM, HAPHAZARD, CASUAL mean determined by accident rather than design.
    - RANDOM stresses lack of definite aim, fixed goal, or regular procedure a random selection of books
    - HAPHAZARD applies to what is done without regard for regularity or fitness or ultimate consequence a haphazard collection of rocks
    - CASUAL suggests working or acting without deliberation, intention, or purpose a casual collector
GRE 3 「習慣」 (adj.)
- wont (/wɒːnt /) ACCUSTOMED, USED 慣常於,慣於 INCLINED, APT 傾向於 (亦可當 v.、n.)
- inveterate (n.: inveteracy)
- inured 習慣的 (v.) inure (/ɪˈnjʊr /) to accustom to accept something undesirable 習慣原本不喜歡的

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Ornate

/ ɔːrˈneɪt/
(n.) ornament
marked by elaborate rhetoric or florid style
elaborately or excessively decorated
(文體等)華麗的,華美的，裝飾華麗的;過分修飾的
an ornate gold mirror
ornament : decorative = labyrinth : tortuous
- tortuous (/ ˈtɔːrtʆuəs/) marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns : WINDING (道路等)迂迴曲折的
  marked by devious or indirect tactics : CROOKED, TRICKY 陰險的 CIRCUITOUS, INVOLVED 囉嗦的;繞圈子的
frieze : ornament = pillar : support = blazon : adorn (功用目的)
- frieze (/ friːz /) a sculptured or richly ornamented band (as on a building or piece of furniture) (柱的)中楣(大多加以雕刻);帶狀裝飾
- pillar
  - a firm upright support for a superstructure : POST 柱,柱子
  - a usually ornamental column or shaft; especially : one standing alone for a monument (通常有裝飾的)墩，紀念碑
  - a chief supporter : PROP 棟樑,臺柱
  - a solid mass of coal, rock, or ore left standing to support a mine roof 煤柱,礦柱
  - a body part that resembles a column 柱狀物
- blazon (/ ˈbleɪzən / )
  - armorial bearings : COAT OF ARMS 紋章 the proper description or representation of heraldic or armorial bearings 紋章的說明、繪製
  - ostentatious display 描繪;誇示
adorn : enhance = disguise : alter (種類類比)
- adorn to enhance the appearance of especially with beautiful objects 裝飾;使生色
- disguise
  - to change the customary dress or appearance of，to furnish with a false appearance or an assumed identity 偽裝
  - to obscure the existence or true state or character of: CONCEAL 掩飾

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Precipitate

/ prɪˈsɪpəteɪt /
(adj.) precipitous
(adj.) a: falling, flowing, or rushing with steep descent b: PRECIPITOUS, STEEP，exhibiting violent or unwise speed
(v.) precipitate (v.)
PRECIPITATE, HEADLONG, ABRUPT, IMPETUOUS, SUDDEN mean showing undue haste or unexpectedness.
(adj.) 突如其來的,突然的，猛然落下(或摔下)的;猛衝的;流得很快的，急躁的;魯莽的;倉卒的
(v.) precipitate (v.)
I have much sympathy with those who warn against precipitate novelty in the food industry.
<>: dilatory

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Profligate

/ ˈprɒfləgət/
completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness
wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL
GRE 3 「揮霍」:
- profligate
- prodigal
- extravagant (extra，vag: wander (ex: vagabond 流浪漢、流浪的)，/ ɪkˈstrævəgənt /)
  - a: exceeding the limits of reason or necessity b: lacking in moderation, balance, and restraint c: extremely or excessively elaborate 放肆的;過度的,過分的
  - a: spending much more than necessary b: PROFUSE, LAVISH 奢侈的;浪費的
  - unreasonably high in price 不合理高價的
    EXCESSIVE, IMMODERATE, INORDINATE, EXTRAVAGANT, EXORBITANT, EXTREME mean going beyond a normal limit.
    - EXCESSIVE implies an amount or degree too great to be reasonable or acceptable excessive punishment
    - IMMODERATE implies lack of desirable or necessary restraint immoderate spending
    - INORDINATE implies an exceeding of the limits dictated by reason or good judgment inordinate pride
    - EXTRAVAGANT implies an indifference to restraints imposed by truth, prudence, or good taste extravagant claims for the product
    - EXORBITANT implies a departure from accepted standards regarding amount or degree exorbitant prices
    - EXTREME may imply an approach to the farthest limit possible or conceivable but commonly means only to a notably high degree extreme shyness
the profligate use of energy resources
<>: parsimonious, provident
mercurial : committed = profligate : solvent (反義類比)
- committed 忠誠的,堅定的
- solvent (solve，/ ˈsɒlvənt/)
  - (adj.) able to pay all legal debts 有償付能力的 that dissolves or can dissolve 有溶解力的
  - (n.) a usually liquid substance capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances 溶劑
  - (n.) something that provides a solution 解決方法
  - (n.) something that eliminates or attenuates something especially unwanted 消除(減弱)讓不想要的
garrulous, loquacious : words = prodigal, profligate : money (修飾對象)
- loquacious (loqu: speak，/loʊˈkweɪʆəs/) full of excessive talk : WORDY 多話的; given to fluent or excessive talk : GARRULOUS 非常健談的;多話的
  TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE mean given to talk or talking.
  - TALKATIVE may imply a readiness to engage in talk or a disposition to enjoy conversation a talkative neighbor
  - LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly a loquacious spokesperson
  - GARRULOUS implies prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity garrulous traveling companions
  - VOLUBLE suggests a free, easy, and unending loquacity a voluble raconteur
- prodigal (/ ˈprɒdɪgəl)
  - recklessly extravagant 不在乎地奢侈的
  - characterized by wasteful expenditure : LAVISH 揮霍的
  - yielding abundantly : LUXURIANT (物產等)豐富的,大量的
  - PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.
    - PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
    - LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
    - PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
    - LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
    - LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
    - EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination

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Roseate

/ˈroʊziət/
rose
resembling a rose especially in color
overly optimistic : viewed favorably
薔薇色的,玫瑰色的，太樂觀的
the roseate glow of the evening sun

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Avid

/ ˈævɪd /
av: bird (ex: aviary 鳥舍 aviation 航空,飛行)
desirous to the point of greed : urgently eager : GREEDY
characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit
EAGER, AVID, KEEN, ANXIOUS, ATHIRST mean moved by a strong and urgent desire or interest.
- EAGER implies ardor and enthusiasm and sometimes impatience at delay or restraint eager to get started
- AVID adds to EAGER the implication of insatiability or greed avid for new thrills
- KEEN suggests intensity of interest and quick responsiveness in action keen on the latest fashions
- ANXIOUS emphasizes fear of frustration or failure or disappointment anxious not to make a social blunder
- ATHIRST stresses yearning but not necessarily readiness for action athirst for adventure
渴望的;貪心的，熱心的,勁頭十足的
As a keen writer and avid newspaper reader, Jenny had always wanted to be a journalist.
<>: indifferent
- marked by impartiality : UNBIASED 不偏不倚的;中立的
- of no importance or value one way or the other 不重要的,無關緊要的
- marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something : APATHETIC 不感興趣的;不關心的;冷淡的
- being neither good nor bad : MEDIOCRE 中等的;一般性的;平庸的
avidity : enthusiasm = reverence : respect (同義類比)
- reverence (revere to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of great honor 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏) (同義字見下 deference 之同義字)
  - (n.) honor or respect felt or shown : DEFERENCE; especially: profound adoring awed respect 敬愛,崇敬;敬畏
  - (n.) a gesture of respect (as a bow 敬禮,鞠躬
  - (n.) the state of being revered 尊嚴;威望
  - (v.) to regard or treat with reverence 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏
  - HONOR, HOMAGE, REVERENCE, DEFERENCE mean respect and esteem shown to another.
    - HONOR may apply to the recognition of one's right to great respect or to any expression of such recognition the nomination is an honor
    - HOMAGE adds the implication of accompanying praise paying homage to Shakespeare
    - REVERENCE implies profound respect mingled with love, devotion, or awe great reverence for my father
    - DEFERENCE implies a yielding or submitting to another's judgment or preference out of respect or reverence showed no deference to their elders

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Bland

/ blænd /
a: smooth and soothing in manner or quality b: exhibiting no personal concern or embarrassment: UNPERTURBED
a: not irritating, stimulating, or invigorating: SOOTHING b: DULL, INSIPID
GRE 4 「平淡無味」: bland, dull, insipid, vapid
和藹的;慰藉的，溫和的，無刺激性的，淡而無味的;枯燥乏味的
SUAVE, URBANE, DIPLOMATIC, BLAND, SMOOTH, POLITIC mean pleasantly tactful and well-mannered.
- SUAVE suggests a specific ability to deal with others easily and without friction a suave public relations coordinator
- URBANE implies high cultivation and poise coming from wide social experience an urbane traveler
- DIPLOMATIC stresses an ability to deal with ticklish situations tactfully a diplomatic negotiator
- BLAND emphasizes mildness of manner and absence of irritating qualities a bland master of ceremonies
- SMOOTH suggests often a deliberately assumed suavity a smooth salesman
- POLITIC implies shrewd as well as tactful and suave handling of people a cunningly politic manager
Most job descriptions are bland, boring and totally lacking in color.
<>: tangy, zesty, pungent, piquant
- tangy (/ˈtæŋɪ/) having or suggestive of a tang (味道)強烈的;(香氣)撲鼻的;帶有強烈鹽味的，有刺激性的
  tang (/tæŋ/)
  - a projecting shank, prong, fang, or tongue (as on a knife, file(銼刀), or sword) to connect with the handle (刀)柄腳;尖銳部分
  - a sharp distinctive often lingering flavor 強烈的味道 a pungent odor 刺激性氣味 something having the effect of a tang (as in stimulation of the senses) 刺激物
  - a faint suggestion : TRACE 微量;細微跡象 b : a distinguishing characteristic that sets apart or gives a special individuality 特性
- zesty (/ˈzestɪ/) having or characterized by zest 興致很高的
  zest (/zest/)
  - a piece of the peel or of the thin outer skin of an orange or lemon used as flavoring 增加風味之物
  - an enjoyably exciting quality : PIQUANCY 風味
  - keen enjoyment : RELISH, GUSTO 熱心;熱情
- pungent (pung: puncture 刺 => 刺激的，/ ˈpʌndʒənt /)
  - sharply painful 強烈的;痛苦的
  - having a stiff and sharp point 尖銳的
  - marked by a sharp incisive quality: CAUSTIC，being sharp and to the point 尖刻的
  - causing a sharp or irritating sensation; especially: ACRID 刻薄的;譏刺的
    PUNGENT, PIQUANT, POIGNANT, RACY mean sharp and stimulating to the mind or the senses.
    - PUNGENT implies a sharp, stinging, or biting quality especially of odors a cheese with a pungent odor
    - PIQUANT suggests a power to whet the appetite or interest through tartness or mild pungency a piquant sauce
    - POIGNANT suggests something is sharply or piercingly effective in stirring one's consciousness or emotions felt a poignant sense of loss
    - RACY implies having a strongly characteristic natural quality fresh and unimpaired spontaneous, racy prose

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Flaccid

/ ˈflæsɪd/
flac: flex => 易曲折 => 不堅實
a: not firm or stiff; also: lacking normal or youthful firmness b:(of a plant part): deficient in turgor
lacking vigor or force
不堅實的，【植】缺乏膨壓，沒有活力
There was no mistaking the flaccid outlines of a suit that had lost its pressure and was open to vacuum.
flaccidity <> firmness

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Frigid

/ ˈfrɪdʒɪd /
fri: cold (ex: freeze)
a: intensely cold b: lacking warmth or ardor(熱忱): INDIFFERENT
lacking imaginative qualities : INSIPID
abnormally averse to sexual intercourse used especially of women
- arctic of or relating to the north pole or the region near it (大寫)北極 bitter cold : FRIGID 嚴寒的 cold in temper or mood 冷淡的,冷漠的
寒冷的,嚴寒的，冷淡的,冷漠的，呆板的,平淡無味的，(女性)性冷感的
The guard looked at us with a frigid stare.
His breath steamed in the frigid air.

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Haggard

/ ˈhægərd/
hag: 老馬 => 骨瘦嶙柴
wild in appearance
having a worn or emaciated appearance : GAUNT
(n.) an adult hawk caught wild
野性的;發狂似的，憔悴的,形容枯槁的 (n.) 成年野鷹
Sam looked tired and haggard.
<>: plump having a full rounded usually pleasing form 豐滿的;胖嘟嘟的 AMPLE, ABUNDANT豐富的
plump <> svelte (/ svelt /) a: SLENDER, LITHE 身材細長的,苗條的;柔軟的 b: having clean lines : SLEEK 線條清晰的 URBANE, SUAVE 和藹的

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Haphazard

/ ˌhæpˈhæzərd/
hap: chance (ex: mishap = mischance 不幸事故;災難)
marked by lack of plan, order, or direction(n.) CHANCE
RANDOM, HAPHAZARD, CASUAL mean determined by accident rather than design.
- RANDOM stresses lack of definite aim, fixed goal, or regular procedure a random selection of books
- HAPHAZARD applies to what is done without regard for regularity or fitness or ultimate consequence a haphazard collection of rocks
- CASUAL suggests working or acting without deliberation, intention, or purpose a casual collector
無計劃的;隨意的;雜亂的 (n.) 偶然,隨意(性)
Educational provision in the country is haphazard.
<>: planned, methodical, systematic
- methodical arranged, characterized by, or performed with method or order 井然有序，辦事有條不紊的 habitually proceeding according to method : SYSTEMATIC 行事講究方法的
haphazard : order = amorphous : form (反面性質) (左邊缺乏右邊)
- amorphous (a: not morph: shape (ex: metamorphosis 變形)，/ əˈmɔːrfəs/)
  - a: having no definite form: SHAPELESS 無定形的 b: being without definite character or nature: UNCLASSIFIABLE 無組織的;亂七八糟的;難以歸類的
  - having no real or apparent crystalline form: UNCRYSTALLIZED 非結晶形的

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Insipid

/ ɪnˈsɪpɪd /
sip: 小啜 => 吃不出味道 => 無味
lacking taste or savor : TASTELESS
lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge : DULL, FLAT
GRE 4 「平淡無味」: bland, dull, insipid, vapid
INSIPID, VAPID, FLAT, JEJUNE, BANAL, INANE mean devoid of qualities that make for spirit and character.
- INSIPID implies a lack of sufficient taste or savor to please or interest an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
- VAPID suggests a lack of liveliness, force, or spirit an exciting story given a vapid treatment
- FLAT applies to things that have lost their sparkle or zest although well-regarded in its day, the novel now seems flat
- JEJUNE suggests a lack of rewarding or satisfying substance a jejune and gassy speech
- BANAL stresses the complete absence of freshness, novelty, or immediacy a banal tale of unrequited love
- INANE implies a lack of any significant or convincing quality an inane interpretation of the play
無味的;清淡的，無趣的
Canned coffees taste either harsh or insipid.
insipid : flavor, invention = ruthless, pitiless, relentless : mercy = prosaic : imagination (反面性質) (左邊缺乏右邊)
- invention (invent)
  - DISCOVERY, FINDING 發現
  - productive imagination : INVENTIVENESS 創造力,發明才能
  - something invented: as (1) : a product of the imagination; especially: a false conception 捏造,虛構 (2): a device, contrivance, or process originated after study and experiment 發明物,創作品
  - the act or process of inventing 發明,創造
- ruthless having no ruth : MERCILESS, CRUEL 無情的,殘忍的;硬著心腸下定決心的
  ruth compassion for the misery of another 同情 sorrow for one's own faults : REMORSE 悲哀;悔恨
- pitiless (pity，less) devoid of pity : MERCILESS 無同情心的;無情的,冷酷的
- relentless showing or promising no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace : UNRELENTING 殘酷的,無情的，不間斷的,持續不懈的
- prosaic (prose 散文 => 散文記事不需想像力，/proʊˈzeɪ-ɪk/)
  - characteristic of prose as distinguished from poetry : FACTUAL 散文的,散文體的
  - DULL, UNIMAGINATIVE 乏味的
  - EVERYDAY, ORDINARY 普通的;平凡的

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Intrepid

/ ɪnˈtrepɪd /
in: not trepid: TIMOROUS, FEARFUL 膽小的 (n. trepidation)
characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude(毅力), and endurance(耐力)
勇敢的;大膽的;無畏的;堅韌不拔的
Intrepid pioneers came to California by wagon train.
<>: apprehensive, timorous, fainthearted
- apprehensive
  - capable of apprehending or quick to do so : DISCERNING 善於領會的;敏悟的
  - having apprehension : COGNIZANT 知曉的,有認識力的
  - viewing the future with anxiety or alarm 憂慮的,恐懼的
- timorous (timid，/ ˈtɪmərəs /) of a timid disposition : FEARFUL，expressing or suggesting timidity 膽怯的
- fainthearted (faint，heart => 微弱的心，膽小) lacking courage or resolution : TIMID 缺乏勇氣決心的;懦弱的
intrepid : fear = genteel : vulgarity (反面性質) (左邊沒有右邊)
- genteel (gentle，/ dʒenˈtiːl /)
  - a: having an aristocratic quality or flavor: STYLISH b: of or relating to the gentry or upper class
    c: elegant or graceful in manner, appearance, or shape d: free from vulgarity or rudeness : POLITE 彬彬有禮的;有教養的
  - marked by false delicacy, prudery, or affectation 附庸風雅的
- vulgarity (/ vʌlˈgærəti /) something vulgar 粗俗的東西,語言,行為 the quality or state of being vulgar 粗俗
  vulgar (/ ˈvʌlgər/)
  - generally used, applied, or accepted 大眾接受使用的 understood in or having the ordinary sense 通俗的
  - of or relating to the common people : PLEBEIAN 庶民的 generally current: PUBLIC 公開的 of the usual, typical, or ordinary kind 通俗的
  - lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste : COARSE 粗鄙的 morally crude, undeveloped, or unregenerate : GROSS 粗鄙的 ostentatious or excessive in expenditure or display : PRETENTIOUS 奢華的
  - offensive in language : EARTHY 粗俗語言的 lewdly or profanely indecent 粗鄙下流的
intrepid : deter = rapt : distract (反面性質) (左邊沒有右邊)
- deter to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting 威懾住,嚇住(而沒有行動);使斷念
- rapt transported(使心醉;使忘我;) with emotion : ENRAPTURED 著迷的,癡迷的 wholly absorbed : ENGROSSED 全神貫注的
- distract (tract: draw 拉)
  - to turn aside : DIVERT 轉移,分散
  - to draw or direct (as one's attention) to a different object or in different directions at the same time 使分心;岔開注意力
  - to stir up or confuse with conflicting emotions or motives 困擾;使錯亂;使苦惱

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Jocund

/ˈdʒɒknd/
joc: joy, joke
marked by or suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness
MERRY, BLITHE, JOCUND, JOVIAL, JOLLY mean showing high spirits or lightheartedness.
- MERRY suggests cheerful, joyous, uninhibited enjoyment of frolic or festivity a merry group of revelers
- BLITHE suggests carefree, innocent, or even heedless gaiety arrived late in his usual blithe way
- JOCUND stresses elation and exhilaration of spirits singing, dancing, and jocund feasting
- JOVIAL suggests the stimulation of conviviality and good fellowship dinner put them in a jovial mood
- JOLLY suggests high spirits expressed in laughing, bantering, and jesting our jolly host enlivened the party
- mirthful 高興的;充滿歡樂的;令人歡樂的
  mirth (n.) gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter 歡笑;高興
歡樂的,快活的,高興的
<>: dreary, dour
- dreary (/ ˈdrɪəri/) feeling, displaying, or reflecting listlessness or discouragement 令人無精打采的;令人沮喪的
  having nothing likely to provide cheer, comfort, or interest : GLOOMY, DISMAL 沈悶的,陰鬱的,
- dour (/dʊr/) STERN, HARSH 嚴厲的 OBSTINATE, UNYIELDING 頑固倔強的 GLOOMY, SULLEN 陰鬱的

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Languid

/ ˈlæŋgwɪd/
drooping(垂頭,衰頹) or flagging(力氣興趣衰頹) from or as if from exhaustion : WEAK
sluggish in character or disposition : LISTLESS
lacking force or quickness of movement : SLOW
軟弱無力的，沒精打采的;沒生氣的，呆滯的;遲緩的
He greeted Charles with a languid wave of his hand.
<>: energetic, vivacious, lusty
- energetic (energy) operating with or marked by vigor or effect 精力旺盛的 marked by energy : STRENUOUS 有力的; of or relating to energy 能源的
  VIGOROUS, ENERGETIC, STRENUOUS, LUSTY, NERVOUS mean having or showing great vitality and force.
  - VIGOROUS further implies showing no signs of depletion or diminishing of freshness or robustness as vigorous as a youth half his age
  - ENERGETIC suggests a capacity for intense activity an energetic campaigner
  - STRENUOUS suggests a preference for coping with the arduous or the challenging the strenuous life on an oil rig
  - LUSTY implies exuberant energy and capacity for enjoyment a lusty appetite for life
  - NERVOUS suggests especially the forcibleness and sustained effectiveness resulting from mental vigor full of nervous energy
- lusty full of strength and vitality : HEALTHY, VIGOROUS 精力充沛的;健壯的; ENTHUSIASTIC, ROUSING 熱情的,活潑的 (同義字見上 energetic)
- vivacious (vivid 有生氣的;活潑的;清晰的;鮮明的，/ vɪˈveɪʆəs/) lively in temper, conduct, or spirit : SPRIGHTLY 活潑的;快活的;有生氣的
  LIVELY, ANIMATED, VIVACIOUS, SPRIGHTLY, GAY mean keenly alive and spirited.
  - LIVELY suggests briskness, alertness, or energy a lively debate on the issues
  - ANIMATED applies to what is spirited and active an animated discussion of current events
  - VIVACIOUS suggests an activeness of gesture and wit, often playful or alluring a vivacious party host
  - SPRIGHTLY suggests lightness and spirited vigor of manner or wit a tuneful, sprightly musical
  - GAY stresses complete freedom from care and overflowing spirits the gay spirit of Paris in the 1920s
desultory : plan, regularity, purpose = languid : energy = sluggish : industriousness = facile : profundity (對象關係) (左邊缺乏右邊)
- sluggish (slug: 蛞蝓，被視作懶散 => sluggard)
  - averse to activity or exertion : INDOLENT; also : TORPID 不大想動的;懶散的
  - slow to respond (as to stimulation or treatment) 緩慢的,遲鈍的
  - a : markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth b : economically inactive or slow 呆滯的;蕭條的
- industriousness (industry) 勤勉;勤奮
  industrious (industry) persistently active : ZEALOUS 持續積極的 constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied : DILIGENT 勤奮的
  BUSY, INDUSTRIOUS, DILIGENT, ASSIDUOUS, SEDULOUS mean actively engaged or occupied.
- facile (/ˈfæsəl /)
  - a(1): easily accomplished or attained 易做到的 (2): SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL 華而不實、膚淺的 b: used or comprehended with ease 易使用的 c: readily manifested and often lacking sincerity or depth 已表明的(通常缺乏誠意或深度)
- profundity (/ prəˈfʌndəti /) a: intellectual depth (知識)深度 b: something profound or abstruse 深奧 the quality or state of being profound or deep 深奧

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Laggard

/ ˈlægərd/
lag 落後;延遲
lagging or tending to lag : DILATORY
遲鈍的,遲緩的;落後的 (n.) 遲鈍的人;落後者;懶散的人
<>: prompt being ready and quick to act as occasion demands 準備好的
performed readily or immediately 敏捷的,及時的,迅速的
QUICK, PROMPT, READY, APT mean able to respond without delay or hesitation or indicative of such ability.
- QUICK stresses instancy of response and is likely to connote native rather than acquired power quick reflexes a keen quick mind
- PROMPT is more likely to connote training and discipline that fits one for instant response prompt emergency medical care
- READY suggests facility or fluency in response backed by a pair of ready assistants
- APT stresses the possession of qualities (as intelligence, a particular talent, or a strong bent) that makes quick effective response possible
  an apt student her answer was apt and to the point

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Limpid

/ ˈlɪmpɪd /
lymph 淋巴液
a: marked by transparency : PELLUCID b: clear and simple in style
absolutely serene and untroubled
CLEAR, TRANSPARENT, TRANSLUCENT, LIMPID mean capable of being seen through.
- CLEAR implies absence of cloudiness, haziness, or muddiness clear water
- TRANSPARENT implies being so clear that objects can be seen distinctly a transparent sheet of film
- TRANSLUCENT implies the passage of light but not a clear view of what lies beyond translucent frosted glass
- LIMPID suggests the soft clearness of pure water her eyes were limpid pools of blue
- transparent (trans: cross)
  - having the property of transmitting light without appreciable scattering so that bodies lying beyond are seen clearly : PELLUCID 透明的
  - allowing the passage of a specified form of radiation (as X rays or ultraviolet light) 可讓輻射穿透的
  - fine or sheer enough to be seen through : DIAPHANOUS 一目了然的
  - free from pretense or deceit : FRANK 坦率的,光明正大的 easily detected or seen through : OBVIOUS 顯而易見的 readily understood 易懂的,明晰的
- pellucid (pel: per 完全 lucid: light, clear，/ pəˈluːsɪd /)
  - admitting maximum passage of light without diffusion or distortion 最大亮度沒有散射失真的
  - reflecting light evenly from all surfaces 從所有表面平均反射光線的
  - easy to understand 容易明白的
清澈的;透明的，(文體等)暢達的，平靜的
Black shapes now appear against the limpid sky on the horizons!
<>: murky, indistinct
- murky (/ ˈmɜːki/)
  - characterized by a heavy dimness or obscurity caused by or like that caused by overhanging fog or smoke 煙霧瀰漫而模糊不清的
  - characterized by thickness and heaviness of air : FOGGY, MISTY 瀰漫的
  - darkly vague or obscure 暗而模糊的
- indistinct (in: not distinct)
  not distinct: as a: not sharply outlined or separable : BLURRED 未明確限定的 b: FAINT, DIM 微弱模糊的 c: not clearly recognizable or understandable: UNCERTAIN 難以清楚辨認的

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Pallid

/ ˈpælɪd /
pal: pale 蒼白 => 無色澤
deficient in color : WAN
lacking sparkle or liveliness : DULL
無血色的,蒼白的;暗淡的，無生氣的;呆板的
Paul looked pallid and sick.
<>: rubicund
chaos : predictability = pallor : color (左邊缺乏右邊)
- pallor (/ ˈpælər/) deficiency of color especially of the face : PALENESS (臉色等的)蒼白
albino : color = prairie : trees (左邊缺乏右邊)
- albino (al: white，/ælˈbaɪnoʊ/) 白化病者
- prairie (/ ˈpreəri/) land in or predominantly in grass 大草原

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Rubicund

/ ˈruːbɪkənd /
rubi: ruby 紅寶石 => 臉色紅潤
RUDDY, having a healthy reddish color
透紅的;氣色紅潤的
He was short, a little overweight, more than a little rubicund as to his features and exuded an aura of cheerful bonhomie.
<>: GRE 3 「蒼白」:
- pallid
- pale deficient in color or intensity of color : PALLID 蒼白的 not bright or brilliant : DIM 暗淡的 FEEBLE, FAINT 虛弱的 deficient in chroma 沒有色度的
- wan (wane (v.) 減少，/ wɒn/) suggestive of poor health : SICKLY, PALLID 蒼白的 lacking vitality : FEEBLE 沒活力的 DIM, FAINT 暗淡的

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Sapid

/ˈsæpɪd/
having flavor : FLAVORFUL
- savory piquantly pleasant to the mind 令人愉快的;饒有趣味的 morally exemplary 品性優良的,可敬的;體面的
  pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of effective seasoning 美味可口的;芳香開胃的
有味道的;有趣的;令人愉快的

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Squalid

/ ˈskwɒlɪd/
marked by filthiness(骯髒) and degradation from neglect or poverty
因忽略或貧窮而骯髒墮落的
How can anyone live in such squalid conditions?
squalid <> pristine
splendor <> squalor
- splendor great brightness or luster: BRILLIANCY 光輝;光彩 MAGNIFICENCE, POMP 壯麗;壯觀;輝煌 something splendid 顯赫;傑出
  splendid
  - possessing or displaying splendor: as a: SHINING, BRILLIANT 有光彩的;燦爛的 b: marked by showy magnificence 壯麗的;輝煌的
  - ILLUSTRIOUS, GRAND 壯麗的;輝煌的
  - a: EXCELLENT b: being out of the ordinary : SINGULAR 傑出不凡的
    SPLENDID, RESPLENDENT, GORGEOUS, GLORIOUS, SUBLIME, SUPERB mean extraordinarily or transcendently impressive.
    - SPLENDID implies outshining the usual or customary the wedding was a splendid occasion
    - RESPLENDENT suggests a glowing or blazing splendor resplendent in her jewelry
    - GORGEOUS implies a rich splendor especially in display of color a gorgeous red dress
    - GLORIOUS suggests radiance that heightens beauty or distinction a glorious sunset
    - SUBLIME implies an exaltation or elevation almost beyond human comprehension a vision of sublime beauty
    - SUPERB suggests a magnificence or excellence reaching the highest conceivable degree her singing was superb
- squalor the quality or state of being squalid 骯髒;卑鄙
dapper, neat, natty, tidy, smart <> frowsy, slovenly, slipshod, squalid, tatty, unkempt, untidy, dingy, grimy, greasy, messy
- dapper neat and trim in appearance 外表整齊的 excessively spruce and stylish 極度整潔 alert and lively in movement and manners 伶俐的
- neat
  - free from dirt and disorder : habitually clean and orderly 整齊清潔的
  - free from admixture or dilution : STRAIGHT 純淨的;不摻水的 free from irregularity : SMOOTH 平滑的,光滑的
  - marked by tasteful simplicity 簡單的 PRECISE, SYSTEMATIC 精確系統化的 marked by skill or ingenuity : ADROIT 熟練的;靈巧的 FINE, ADMIRABLE 美妙的,很棒的
- natty trimly neat and tidy : SMART 整潔的;
- tidy
  - properly filled out: PLUMP 豐富的 adequately satisfactory: ACCEPTABLE, FAIR 令人滿意的;相當好的 a tidy solution to their problem
  - neat and orderly in appearance or habits : well ordered and cared for 整齊的;井然有序的 METHODICAL, PRECISE 做事有方法的;精確的
  - LARGE, SUBSTANTIAL 相當大的;相當多的
- smart (僅列相關意) a: NEAT, TRIM 整齊的 b: stylish or elegant in dress or appearance 漂亮的;時髦的
- frowsy MUSTY, STALE 發霉的;腐壞的 having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance 邋遢不修邊幅的
- slovenly (/ ˈslʌvənli /) untidy especially in personal appearance 邋遢的,不修邊幅的 lazily slipshod 懶散的 characteristic of a sloven 散漫的
- slipshod (slipper) wearing loose shoes or slippers 穿過大鞋子的 down at the heel : SHABBY () CARELESS, SLOVENLY 邋遢的,不修邊幅的
- tatty (/ ˈtæti /) rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated : SHABBY 損壞破爛的 (與 natty, tidy 形音近卻反義)
- unkempt (un: not kempt: 整潔的，/ ˌʌnˈkempt/) deficient in order or neatness 不整潔的 not combed 未梳理的
  kempt neatly kept : TRIM 整潔的
- dingy (/ ˈdɪndʒi /) DIRTY, DISCOLORED 骯髒的 SHABBY, SQUALID 粗鄙的
- grimy full of or covered with grime : DIRTY 骯髒的 (與 trim 形近卻反義)
  grime (/graɪm/) soot, smut, or dirt adhering to or embedded in a surface; broadly: accumulated dirtiness and disorder 塵垢;污點
- greasy (grease 油脂，/ ˈgriːsi/)
  smeared or soiled with grease 油污的 oily in appearance, texture, or manner 油膩的;滑溜的;油滑的 SLIPPERY 滑的 containing an unusual amount of grease 多脂的
- messy (mess) marked by confusion, disorder, or dirt : UNTIDY 不整潔的 lacking neatness or precision : CARELESS, SLOVENLY 邋遢散漫的
  extremely unpleasant or trying 討厭的,難受的
squalid : cleanliness = shipshape : disarray (反面性質)
- shipshape TRIM, TIDY 整齊的,整潔的
- disarray (dis: not array) a lack of order or sequence : CONFUSION, DISORDER 混亂無秩序 disorderly dress : DISHABILLE 衣冠不整;衣著隨便

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Stolid

/ ˈstɒlɪd/
stupid，stol: stall, slow
having or expressing little or no sensibility : UNEMOTIONAL (無動於衷的)
IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.
- IMPASSIVE (不為所動的) stresses the absence of any external sign of emotion in action or facial expression met the news with an impassive look
- STOIC implies an apparent indifference to pleasure or especially to pain often as a matter of principle or self-discipline was resolutely stoic even in adversity
- PHLEGMATIC implies a temperament or constitution hard to arouse a phlegmatic man unmoved by tears
- APATHETIC may imply a puzzling or deplorable indifference or inertness charitable appeals met an apathetic response
- STOLID implies an habitual absence of interest, responsiveness, or curiosity stolid workers wedded to routine
不動感情的;冷淡的;神經麻木的
<>: excitable
- capable of being readily roused into action or a state of excitement or irritability 易激動的;易興奮的
- capable of being activated by and reacting to stimuli 易受激的

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Torpid

/ ˈtɔːrpɪd/
torp: numb 使麻木
having lost motion or the power of exertion or feeling : DORMANT, NUMB
sluggish in functioning or acting
lacking in energy or vigor : APATHETIC, DULL
麻木的;冬眠(中)的;(動物)非活動狀態的，懶散的,遲鈍的，沒有活力的
By 1976, the union had become torpid, old, and bureaucratic.
tropid <> responsive giving response : constituting a response : ANSWERING 應答的;響應的; quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically: SENSITIVE 易感動的
tropor <> zeal, vigor, extreme excitability, ardor, fervor, animation, ebullience
GRE 4 「熱情」: ardor, zeal, eagerness, fervor
- vigor (/ ˈvɪgər/)
  - active bodily or mental strength or force 體力;精力;活力
  - active healthy well-balanced growth especially of plants (動,植物的)強健,茁壯
  - intensity of action or effect : FORCE (語言等的)氣勢;力度;魄力
  - effective legal status (法律上的)效力,有效
- fervor (fer: fire，/ˈfɜːvər/) intensity of feeling or expression 熱烈,熱情
- eagerness marked by enthusiastic or impatient desire or interest 渴望;熱心;熱切
- animation the act of animating : the state of being animate or animated 生氣,活潑,熱烈;激勵;興奮 (另一意：動畫)
  animate (v.) to give spirit and support to: ENCOURAGE 使有生命;激勵,鼓舞 a: to give life to b: to give vigor and zest to 使活潑,使有活力,使有生氣
- ebullience (bull: 精力充沛，/ ɪˈbʊliəns/) the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or feelings : EXUBERANCE (感情等的)奔放;興高采烈

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Tumid

/ˈtjumɪd/
tumor: 腫
marked by swelling : SWOLLEN, ENLARGED
PROTUBERANT, BULGING
BOMBASTIC, TURGID
腫起的,腫脹的，(言詞等)浮誇的;誇張的

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Turgid

/ ˈtɜːdʒɪd/
being in a state of distension : SWOLLEN, TUMID especially: exhibiting turgor
excessively embellished in style or language : BOMBASTIC, POMPOUS
腫脹的,浮腫的，(言詞等)過份修飾的;誇張的;浮誇的
<>: simple

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Vapid

/ ˈvæpɪd /
vapor 蒸汽
lacking liveliness, tang(強烈的味道,刺激), briskness(輕快;活潑), or force : FLAT, DULL
GRE 4 「平淡無味」: bland, dull, insipid, vapid
INSIPID, VAPID, FLAT, JEJUNE, BANAL, INANE mean devoid of qualities that make for spirit and character.
- INSIPID implies a lack of sufficient taste or savor to please or interest an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
- VAPID suggests a lack of liveliness, force, or spirit an exciting story given a vapid treatment
- FLAT applies to things that have lost their sparkle or zest although well-regarded in its day, the novel now seems flat
- JEJUNE suggests a lack of rewarding or satisfying substance a jejune and gassy speech
- BANAL stresses the complete absence of freshness, novelty, or immediacy a banal tale of unrequited love
- INANE implies a lack of any significant or convincing quality an inane interpretation of the play
無味的;無生氣的;無趣味的
The most highly regarded also had an articulate vision, going beyond vapid cliches of what the nation should become.
<>: vibrant, brisk, exhilarating, bracing, inventive
- vibrant (vibrate)
  - (1): oscillating or pulsating rapidly 激烈震盪 (2): pulsating with life, vigor, or activity 充滿生氣的;活躍的
  - (1): readily set in vibration (2): RESPONSIVE, SENSITIVE 易受影響的
  - sounding as a result of vibration : RESONANT 振響的;響亮的
  - BRIGHT (光線)明亮的;(色彩)鮮明的
- brisk keenly alert : LIVELY 活潑的,生氣勃勃的 pleasingly tangy 味濃而可口的 FRESH, INVIGORATING 鼓舞的 sharp in tone or manner 味道強烈的;態度明顯的 ENERGETIC, QUICK 輕快的,快的
- exhilarating (/ ɪgˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ /) 令人振奮的;使人高興的
  exhilarate (/ ɪgˈzɪləreɪt /) to make cheerful 使高興 ENLIVEN, EXCITE 使振奮 REFRESH, STIMULATE 使清新;促進,促使
- bracing giving strength, vigor, or freshness 令人振奮的,使人心曠神怡的
- inventive adept or prolific at producing inventions : CREATIVE 發明的,創造的 characterized by invention 有發明才能的;善於創造的

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Viscid

/ ˈvɪsɪd/
a: having an adhesive quality: STICKY b: having a glutinous consistency: VISCOUS
covered with a sticky layer
黏的，黏著的，被覆蓋黏的
It is a gum and in water produces a very viscid solution even at low concentrations.
<>: slick (sli: 滑 (ex: slide 滑,滑動 slither 連走帶跑地滑;滑溜))
- having a smooth surface : SLIPPERY 光滑的;滑溜溜的
- having surface plausibility or appeal : GLIB, GLOSSY 華而不實的
- based on stereotype : TRITE 陳腐的,老一套的
- characterized by subtlety or nimble wit : CLEVER; especially: WILY 聰明的;機智的
- DEFT, SKILLFUL 熟練的;靈巧的
- extremely good : FIRST-RATE 優異的
  SLY, CUNNING, CRAFTY, WILY, TRICKY, FOXY, ARTFUL, SLICK mean attaining or seeking to attain one's ends by guileful or devious means.
  SLEEK, SLICK, GLOSSY mean having a smooth bright surface or appearance.
  - CLEVER stresses physical or mental quickness, deftness, or great aptitude a person clever with horses
  - ADROIT often implies a skillful use of expedients to achieve one's purpose in spite of difficulties an adroit negotiator
  - CUNNING implies great skill in constructing or creating a filmmaker cunning in his use of special effects
  - INGENIOUS suggests the power of inventing or discovering a new way of accomplishing something an ingenious software engineer
  - SLY implies furtiveness, lack of candor, and skill in concealing one's aims and methods a sly corporate raider
  - CUNNING suggests the inventive use of sometimes limited intelligence in overreaching or circumventing the cunning fox avoided the trap
  - CRAFTY implies cleverness and subtlety of method a crafty lefthander
  - WILY implies skill and deception in maneuvering the wily fugitive escaped the posse
  - TRICKY is more likely to suggest shiftiness and unreliability than skill in deception and maneuvering a tricky political operative
  - FOXY implies a shrewd and wary craftiness usually involving devious dealing a foxy publicity man planting stories
  - ARTFUL implies indirectness in dealing and often connotes sophistication or cleverness elicited the information by artful questioning
  - SLICK emphasizes smoothness and guile slick operators selling time-sharing
  - SLEEK suggests a smoothness or brightness resulting from attentive grooming or physical conditioning a sleek racehorse
  - SLICK suggests extreme smoothness that results in a slippery surface slipped and fell on the slick floor
  - GLOSSY suggests a highly reflective surface photographs having a glossy finish

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Docile

/ˈdɑːsəl/
doc, dog: teach (ex: dogma)
easily taught
easily led or managed : TRACTABLE
OBEDIENT, DOCILE, TRACTABLE, AMENABLE mean submissive to the will of another.
- OBEDIENT implies compliance with the demands or requests of one in authority obedient to the government
- DOCILE implies a predisposition to submit readily to control or guidance a docile child
- TRACTABLE suggests having a character that permits easy handling or managing tractable beasts of burden
- AMENABLE suggests a willingness to yield or to cooperate either because of a desire to be agreeable or because of a natural open-mindedness amenable to new ideas
- GRE 3「被馴服的」：
  - docile
  - tractable (tract: draw) capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled : DOCILE 馴良的; easily handled, managed, or wrought : MALLEABLE 易處理的
  - tame
    - reduced from a state of native wildness especially so as to be tractable and useful to humans : DOMESTICATED (動物)經馴養的,馴服的
    - made docile and submissive : SUBDUED 溫順的,馴良的,聽使喚的
    - lacking spirit, zest, interest, or the capacity to excite : INSIPID 平淡的,乏味的,單調的
容易教的;可教的，馴服的;易駕御的
Kangaroos are not as docile as they look.
tractable <> balky, obstinate, incorrigible, insubordinate, intransigent, pertinacious
- obstinate (/ ˈɒbstɪnɪt/) (同義字見下 pertinacious)
  - perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion 頑固的,固執的
  - not easily subdued, remedied, or removed 不輕易屈服的;(疾病等)難治的;難以控制的
- incorrigible (corri: correct，/ ɪnˈkɔːrədʒəbəl/) incapable of being corrected or amended 屢教不改的,不可救藥的;根深蒂固的
  as a (1): not reformable: DEPRAVED 無法革除的 (2): DELINQUENT 拖欠的 b: not manageable : UNRULY 無法管理的 c: UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE 無法改變的
- insubordinate (in-sub-ordinate) disobedient to authority 不順從的
  subordinate (sub: 次要)
  - (adj.) placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position: INFERIOR 下級的 submissive to or controlled by authority 次要的;隸屬的
  - (v.) to make subject or subservient 把...列入下級 to treat as of less value or importance 使居次要地位;使隸屬,使服從
- intransigent (/ ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒənt /) refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude 不妥協的 an intransigent attitude
- pertinacious (per: 完全 tin: hold，/ ˌpɜːtəˈneɪʆəs/)
  adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design 執拗的;頑固的 perversely persistent 倔強堅持的 stubbornly unyielding or tenacious 頑固不屈服的
  OBSTINATE, DOGGED, STUBBORN, PERTINACIOUS, MULISH mean fixed and unyielding in course or purpose.
  - OBSTINATE implies usually an unreasonable persistence an obstinate proponent of conspiracy theories
  - DOGGED suggests an admirable often tenacious and unwavering persistence pursued the story with dogged perseverance
  - STUBBORN implies sturdiness in resisting change which may or may not be admirable a person too stubborn to admit error
  - PERTINACIOUS suggests an annoying or irksome persistence a pertinacious salesclerk refusing to take no for an answer
  - MULISH implies a thoroughly unreasonable obstinacy a mulish determination to have his own way
pliant <> intransigent, intractable
- pliant (pli: bend 折曲，/ ˈplaɪənt /，ex: pliable 易曲折的;柔軟的) easily influenced : YIELDING 順從的;易影響的 suitable for varied uses 適應的
  PLASTIC, PLIABLE, PLIANT, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, ADAPTABLE mean susceptible of being modified in form or nature.
  - PLASTIC applies to substances soft enough to be molded yet capable of hardening into the desired fixed form
    plastic materials allow the sculptor greater freedom
  - PLIABLE suggests something easily bent, folded, twisted, or manipulated pliable rubber tubing
  - PLIANT may stress flexibility and sometimes connote springiness an athletic shoe with a pliant sole
  - DUCTILE applies to what can be drawn out or extended with ease ductile metals such as copper
  - MALLEABLE applies to what may be pressed or beaten into shape the malleable properties of gold enhance its value
  - ADAPTABLE implies the capability of being easily modified to suit other conditions, needs, or uses computer hardware that is adaptable
- intransigent, intractable 見上
tractable : lead, control = subtle : overlook = testy : annoy (正面性質) (左邊容易被右邊)
- overlook
  - to look over : INSPECT 照看;檢查
  - to look down upon from above 俯瞰;眺望; to rise above or afford a view of 高聳於...之上
  - a: to look past: MISS b: IGNORE 看漏;忽略
  - SUPERINTEND, OVERSEE 監視;監督;
  - to look on with the evil eye : BEWITCH 施魔術於,蠱惑
    NEGLECT, DISREGARD, IGNORE, OVERLOOK, SLIGHT, FORGET mean to pass over without giving due attention.
    - NEGLECT implies giving insufficient attention to something that has a claim to one's attention habitually neglected his studies
    - DISREGARD suggests voluntary inattention disregarded the wishes of other members
    - IGNORE implies a failure to regard something obvious ignored the snide remark
    - OVERLOOK suggests disregarding or ignoring through haste or lack of care in my rush I overlooked a key example
    - SLIGHT implies contemptuous or disdainful disregarding or omitting slighted several major authors in her survey
    - FORGET may suggest either a willful ignoring or a failure to impress something on one's mind forget what others say and listen to me
- testy easily annoyed : IRRITABLE 易怒的 marked by impatience or ill humor 不耐煩的;暴躁的
dour : tractable = bumptious : humble (反義類比)
- dour (/dʊr/) STERN, HARSH 嚴厲的 OBSTINATE, UNYIELDING 頑固倔強的 GLOOMY, SULLEN 陰鬱的
- bumptious presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive : OBTRUSIVE 自大的,傲慢的
complaisance : intractable = adeptness : maladroit (反面性質)
- complaisance (com: together plais: please，/ kəmˈpleɪzəns /) disposition to please or comply : AFFABILITY 殷勤而順從
- maladroit (mal: bad，/ ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt/) lacking adroitness : INEPT 笨拙的;不老練的
  adroit (/ əˈdrɔɪt /) having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations 靈巧的;敏捷的;熟練的
  CLEVER, ADROIT, CUNNING, INGENIOUS mean having or showing practical wit or skill in contriving.
  DEXTEROUS, ADROIT, DEFT mean ready and skilled in physical movement.
  - CLEVER stresses physical or mental quickness, deftness, or great aptitude a person clever with horses
  - ADROIT often implies a skillful use of expedients to achieve one's purpose in spite of difficulties an adroit negotiator
  - CUNNING implies great skill in constructing or creating a filmmaker cunning in his use of special effects
  - INGENIOUS suggests the power of inventing or discovering a new way of accomplishing something an ingenious software engineer
  - DEXTEROUS implies expertness with consequent facility and quickness in manipulation unrolled the sleeping bag with a dexterous toss
  - ADROIT implies dexterity but usually also stresses resourcefulness or artfulness or inventiveness
    the magician's adroit response to the failure of her prop won applause
  - DEFT emphasizes lightness, neatness, and sureness of touch or handling a surgeon's deft manipulation of the scalpel

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Tactile

/ ˈtæktl/
tact: contact
perceptible by touch : TANGIBLE, PALPABLE
of or relating to the sense of touch
能觸知的;有形的，(有)觸覺的
tactile sensations
tactile : touch = affective : emotion (正面性質)
- affective relating to, arising from, or influencing feelings or emotions : EMOTIONAL 感情的;由感情引起的 expressing emotion 表達感情的

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Volatile

/ˈvɑːlətl /
vol: fly (ex: volant 能飛的;飛行的;迅速的) => 揮發
readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature
flying or having the power to fly
a: LIGHTHEARTED, LIVELY b: easily aroused c: tending to erupt into violence : EXPLOSIVE
a: unable to hold the attention fixed because of an inherent lightness or fickleness of disposition b: characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change
difficult to capture or hold permanently : EVANESCENT, TRANSITORY
- INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion).
  - INCONSTANT implies an incapacity for steadiness and an inherent tendency to change an inconstant friend
  - FICKLE suggests unreliability because of perverse changeability and incapacity for steadfastness performers discover how fickle fans can be
  - CAPRICIOUS suggests motivation by sudden whim or fancy and stresses unpredictability an utterly capricious critic
  - MERCURIAL implies a rapid changeability in mood made anxious by her boss's mercurial temperament
  - UNSTABLE implies an incapacity for remaining in a fixed position or steady course and applies especially to a lack of emotional balance too unstable to hold a job
- mercurial, whimsical, capricious, ready, fickle
  - ready displayed readily and spontaneously 敏捷的,機靈的
  - fickle marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability : given to erratic changeableness 易變的,無常的
(液體等)易揮發的，飛翔的;能飛的，活潑的;輕快的，易發作的，爆炸性的，易變的;反覆無常的;輕浮的，飛逝的;短暫的
an increasingly volatile political situation
the highly volatile stock and bond markets
volatile <> constant, stable, unaltered
vaporous <> substantial
- vaporous (vapor)
  - consisting or characteristic of vapor 蒸汽的; producing vapors : VOLATILE 有霧的
  - containing or obscured by vapors : MISTY 有霧模糊不清的
  - a: ETHEREAL, UNSUBSTANTIAL 無實體的 b: consisting of or indulging in vaporings 空想的
volatile : evaporate = soluble : dissolve (容易...)(左邊容易右邊)
- evaporate (vapor)
  - to convert into vapor; also: to dissipate or draw off in vapor or fumes 使蒸發;使揮發
  - to deposit (as a metal) in the form of a film by sublimation 昇華成薄膜
  - a: to expel moisture from 使脫水,去除...的水分 b: EXPEL 使消失;使消散;驅散
- soluble (solu: solve) susceptible of being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially water 可溶解的 subject to being solved or explained 可解決的;可解釋的
- dissolve (dis: apart solve)
  - to cause to disperse or disappear: DESTROY 毀滅 to separate into component parts: DISINTEGRATE 分解 to bring to an end: TERMINATE 使終結 ANNUL 廢除
  - to cause to pass into solution 使溶解 MELT, LIQUEFY 使融化;使液化 to cause to be emotionally moved 使感動(情緒上的溶解) to cause to fade out in a dissolve 漸消
  - to clear up 弄明白,解(謎) dissolve a problem
volatile : temper = ready : wit (正面性質)
- ready (其中一意) displayed readily and spontaneously 敏捷的,機靈的;應變快的 a ready wit
- wit (其中一意) astuteness of perception or judgment : ACUMEN 機智;應變力
volatile : constant = craven : heroic, admirable (反義類比)
- heroic (hero，/ hɪˈroʊɪk/)
  - of, relating to, or resembling heroes especially of antiquity (神話中的)英雄的
  - exhibiting or marked by courage and daring 英勇的 supremely noble or self-sacrificing 偉人的,自我犧牲的
  - of impressive size, power, extent, or effect : POTENT 雄偉的
  - of great intensity : EXTREME, DRASTIC 激烈的 of a kind that is likely only to be undertaken to save a life
  - of, relating to, or constituting drama written during the Restoration in heroic couplets and concerned with a conflict between love and honor

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Germane

/ dʒɜːˈmeɪn/
形近 German 德國的;德國人的 (german: 同父母的;同祖父母的) => 德國人嚴謹 => 講話都與題相關
being at once relevant and appropriate : FITTING
RELEVANT, GERMANE, MATERIAL, PERTINENT, APPOSITE, APPLICABLE, APROPOS mean relating to or bearing upon the matter in hand.
- RELEVANT implies a traceable, significant, logical connection found material relevant to her case
- GERMANE may additionally imply a fitness for or appropriateness to the situation or occasion a point not germane to the discussion
- MATERIAL implies so close a relationship that it cannot be dispensed with without serious alteration of the case facts material to the investigation
- PERTINENT stresses a clear and decisive relevance a pertinent observation
- APPOSITE suggests a felicitous relevance add an apposite quotation to the definition
- APPLICABLE suggests the fitness of bringing a general rule or principle to bear upon a particular case the rule is not applicable in this case
- APROPOS suggests being both relevant and opportune the quip was apropos
有密切關係的;適當的
an article which is germane to the subject being discussed
<>: irrelevant, inappropriate

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Humane

/ hjuːˈmeɪn /
human
marked by compassion, sympathy, or consideration for humans or animals
characterized by or tending to broad humanistic culture : HUMANISTIC
人道的;仁慈的，人文的
the campaign for the humane treatment of criminals
<>: truculent, cruel
- truculent (形似 truck => 像卡車一樣蠻橫殘暴，/ ˈtrʌkjulənt /)
  feeling or displaying ferocity: CRUEL, SAVAGE 兇狠的,殘酷的;野蠻的 DEADLY, DESTRUCTIVE 致命的,毀滅性的
  scathingly harsh: VITRIOLIC 尖刻的,粗暴的 aggressively self-assertive : BELLIGERENT 好戰的,好鬥的
- cruel
  - disposed to inflict pain or suffering: devoid of humane feelings，unrelieved by leniency 殘忍的,殘酷的;沒人性的
  - causing or conducive to injury, grief, or pain 令人痛苦的;刻毒傷人的;

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Mundane

/ mʌnˈdeɪn /
mund: mond -> world
of, relating to, or characteristic of the world
characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinary : COMMONPLACE
EARTHLY, WORLDLY, MUNDANE mean belonging to or characteristic of the earth.
- EARTHLY often implies a contrast with what is heavenly or spiritual abandoned earthly concerns and entered a convent
- WORLDLY and MUNDANE both imply a relation to the immediate concerns and activities of human beings,
  WORLDLY suggesting tangible personal gain or gratification worldly goods
  MUNDANE suggesting reference to the immediate and practical a mundane discussion of finances
世界的，世俗的;實際的;短暫的;平凡的
Initially, the work was pretty mundane.
<>: exotic, unearthly, extraordinary, unusual, spiritual
- exotic (ex: out，/ ɪgˈzɒtɪk/)
  - introduced from another country : not native to the place where found 異國風情的;外來的;外國產的
  - strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or unusual 奇特的
- unearthly (earth)
  not earthly: as : not terrestrial 非塵世的 PRETERNATURAL, SUPERNATURAL 超自然的;不可思議的 WEIRD, EERIE 神祕怪異的 not mundane: IDEAL 空想的 ABSURD, UNGODLY 不合情理的;荒唐的
  earthly characteristic of or belonging to this earth 地球的 relating to man's actual life on this earth 世俗的;實際的 POSSIBLE 可能的 (同義字見上)
- spirtitual (/ ˈspɪrətʆuəl /) 精神(上)的,心靈的;超自然的;崇高純潔的;神聖的;宗教的;教會的

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Urbane

/ ɜːˈbeɪn/
urban: 都市的
notably polite or finished in manner : POLISHED
SUAVE, URBANE, DIPLOMATIC, BLAND, SMOOTH, POLITIC mean pleasantly tactful and well-mannered.
- SUAVE suggests a specific ability to deal with others easily and without friction a suave public relations coordinator
- URBANE implies high cultivation and poise coming from wide social experience an urbane traveler
- DIPLOMATIC stresses an ability to deal with ticklish situations tactfully a diplomatic negotiator
- BLAND emphasizes mildness of manner and absence of irritating qualities a bland master of ceremonies
- SMOOTH suggests often a deliberately assumed suavity a smooth salesman
- POLITIC implies shrewd as well as tactful and suave handling of people a cunningly politic manager
彬彬有禮的;高雅的
Neil was urbane, witty, direct, and honest.
urbane <> rude
urban <> rustic, bucolic
- rustic
  - of, relating to, or suitable for the country : RURAL 鄉村的
  - made of the rough limbs of trees 用帶皮樹枝(或樹根)做成的 finished by rusticating 粗製的
  - characteristic of or resembling country people 鄉下人的 lacking in social graces or polish 土氣的;粗俗的
  - appropriate to the country (as in plainness or sturdiness) 鄉村式的;質樸的
- bucolic (/ bjuːˈkɒlɪk/) of or relating to shepherds or herdsmen : PASTORAL 牧羊的;牧歌的 relating to or typical of rural life 鄉村生活的
urbanity <> oafishness, artelessness
- oafishness (oaf: 笨拙的人，/oʊˈfɪʆnɪs/) 愚蠢;笨拙
  oafish (/oʊˈfɪʆ/) 癡呆的;笨手笨腳的
  oaf (/oʊf/) a stupid person : BOOB 笨拙的人
- artlessness 單純;樸實;缺乏技巧;笨拙
  artless
  - free from guile or craft : sincerely simple 單純的,天真的 free from artificiality : NATURAL 無虛飾的,自然的 made without skill : CRUDE 未加工的
  - lacking art, knowledge, or skill : UNCULTURED 缺乏藝術性的,拙劣的;無藝術修養的
urbane : polish = circumspect : prudence (正面性質)
- polish to make smooth and glossy usually by friction : BURNISH 磨光,擦亮 to smooth, soften, or refine in manners or condition 使優美,使精鍊;潤飾
  to bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state : PERFECT 使成已開發,完成的狀態
- circumspect (circum: 環 spect: 看 => 環顧 => 小心) careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences: PRUDENT 慎重的;謹慎小心的
  CAUTIOUS, CIRCUMSPECT, WARY, CHARY mean prudently watchful and discreet in the face of danger or risk.
  - CAUTIOUS implies the exercise of forethought usually prompted by fear of danger a cautious driver
  - CIRCUMSPECT suggests less fear and stresses the surveying of all possible consequences before acting or deciding circumspect in his business dealings
  - WARY emphasizes suspiciousness and alertness in watching for danger and cunning in escaping it keeps a wary eye on the competition
  - CHARY implies a cautious reluctance to give, act, or speak freely chary of signing papers without having read them first
- prudence
  - the ability to govern and discipline oneself by the use of reason 以理性管理規範自己的能力
  - sagacity or shrewdness in the management of affairs 精明,深謀遠慮
  - skill and good judgment in the use of resources 資源運用的好判斷力;節儉;善於經營
  - caution or circumspection as to danger or risk 審慎,慎重
urbane : gaucherie = guileless : chicanery (反面性質)
- gaucherie (gauch: (fr.) left => 用左手作事情 => 笨拙，/ˌgoʊʆəˈri/) a tactless or awkward act 笨拙的舉動
- guileless INNOCENT, NAIVE 不狡猾的;誠實的

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Clandestine

/ klænˈdestɪn /
cland: 宗族，(由共同利益結合的)幫派,集團, 秘密結社 => 秘密的
marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy : SURREPTITIOUS
SECRET, COVERT, STEALTHY, FURTIVE, CLANDESTINE, SURREPTITIOUS, UNDERHANDED mean done without attracting observation.
祕密的;暗中的，偷偷摸摸的
His clandestine meetings with PLO officials had been secretly recorded.
<>: open, overt (/oʊˈvɜːt /) open to view : MANIFEST 明顯的;公然的
clandestine : secretly = overt : openly (正面性質)
clandestine : secrecy = harmonious : congruity (正面性質)
- secrecy (secret，/ ˈsiːkrəsi/)
  the condition of being hidden or concealed 祕密,祕密狀態，遮遮掩掩,不坦率 the habit or practice of keeping secrets or maintaining privacy or concealment 保密,守口如瓶
- harmonious musically concordant 悅耳的;和聲的 having the parts agreeably related : CONGRUOUS 和諧的;協調的 marked by accord in sentiment or action 和睦的;友好的
- congruity the quality or state of being congruent or congruous，a point of agreement 適合;一致
  congruent CONGRUOUS 適合的;一致的
  congrous
  - being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence 一致的
  - conforming to the circumstances or requirements of a situation: APPROPRIATE 適合的
  - marked or enhanced by harmonious agreement among constituent elements 協調的

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Pristine

/ ˈprɪstiːn /
belonging to the earliest period or state : ORIGINAL
not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted (as by civilization) : PURE
fresh and clean as or as if new
原始的，純樸未受污染感染的，清新的
The car has been restored to pristine condition.
<>: corrupted by civilization, tainted, contaminated, spoiled, squalid
- taint (tint: 染色，/ teɪnt /) to contaminate morally : CORRUPT 使腐壞; to affect with putrefaction : SPOIL 敗壞 to touch or affect slightly with something bad 沾染
- spoil to damage seriously : RUIN 損壞; to impair the quality or effect of 糟蹋
  to impair the disposition or character of by overindulgence or excessive praise 寵壞,溺愛 to pamper excessively : CODDLE 縱容;嬌養
pristine : decay, pollution, corruption = stable : fluctuation (反面性質)
- decay
  - gradual decline in strength, soundness, or prosperity or in degree of excellence or perfection 衰敗;衰退
  - a wasting or wearing away : RUIN 毀壞
  - a: ROT; specifically: aerobic decomposition of proteins chiefly by bacteria b: the product of decay 腐朽,腐爛;
  - a decline in health or vigor 衰弱
  - decrease in quantity, activity, or force: as
    a: spontaneous decrease in the number of radioactive atoms in radioactive material b: spontaneous disintegration (as of an atom or a particle) 衰變
  - (也可當 v. 意同 n.，僅改為動詞) 同義字：DECAY, DECOMPOSE, ROT, PUTREFY, SPOIL mean to undergo destructive dissolution.
    - DECAY implies a slow change from a state of soundness or perfection a decaying mansion
    - DECOMPOSE stresses a breaking down by chemical change and when applied to organic matter a corruption the strong odor of decomposing vegetation
    - ROT is a close synonym of DECOMPOSE and often connotes foulness fruit was left to rot in warehouses
    - PUTREFY implies the rotting of animal matter and offensiveness to sight and smell corpses putrefying on the battlefield
    - SPOIL applies chiefly to the decomposition of foods keep the ham from spoiling

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Saline

/ ˈseɪlɪn /
sal: salt
consisting of or containing salt
of, relating to, or resembling salt : SALTY
consisting of or relating to the salts of the alkali metals or of magnesium
(n.) a metallic salt; especially : a salt of potassium, sodium, or magnesium with a cathartic action
(n.) a saline solution; especially : one isotonic with body fluids
含鹽分的;鹽的;鹼鹽瀉藥的 (n.) 鹼鹽瀉藥，體液裡的鹽質(等滲壓之類)
It excludes water that will not drain from small pore spaces, saline water, and water in deep confined aquifers.
desalinize : salt = dehydrate : water (動作對象) (左邊移除右邊)
- desalinize (de: down sal: salt，/ diːˈsælənaɪz/) DESALT, to remove salt from 除去海水等之鹽分及其他化學物質
- dehydrate (de: down hydra: water，/ ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪt/)
  - to remove bound water or hydrogen and oxygen from (a chemical compound) in the proportion in which they form water 脫水;使乾燥
  - to remove water from (as foods) 脫水;使乾燥
  - to deprive of vitality or savor 奪走活力,風味

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Saturnine

/ ˈsætərnaɪn/
Saturn: 土星 => 土星座的人容易陰鬱暴躁
cold and steady in mood : slow to act or change
of a gloomy or surly disposition
having a sardonic aspect
SULLEN, GLUM, MOROSE, SURLY, SULKY, CRABBED, SATURNINE, GLOOMY mean showing a forbidding or disagreeable mood.
- SULLEN implies a silent ill humor and a refusal to be sociable remained sullen amid the festivities
- GLUM suggests a silent dispiritedness a glum candidate left to ponder a stunning defeat
- MOROSE adds to GLUM an element of bitterness or misanthropy morose job seekers who are inured to rejection
- SURLY implies gruffness and sullenness of speech or manner a typical surly teenager
- SULKY suggests childish resentment expressed in peevish sullenness grew sulky after every spat
- CRABBED applies to a forbidding morose harshness of manner the school's notoriously crabbed headmaster
- SATURNINE describes a heavy forbidding aspect or suggests a bitter disposition a saturnine cynic always finding fault
- GLOOMY implies a depression in mood making for seeming sullenness or glumness a gloomy mood ushered in by bad news
冷漠的，憂鬱暴躁的，冷嘲譏諷的
his lean(瘦的) saturnine face
<>: jovial, genial
- jovial (jo: joy，/ ˈdʒoʊviəl/) markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality 天性快活的;愉快的
  MERRY, BLITHE, JOCUND, JOVIAL, JOLLY mean showing high spirits or lightheartedness.
  - MERRY suggests cheerful, joyous, uninhibited enjoyment of frolic or festivity a merry group of revelers
  - BLITHE suggests carefree, innocent, or even heedless gaiety arrived late in his usual blithe way
  - JOCUND stresses elation and exhilaration of spirits singing, dancing, and jocund feasting
  - JOVIAL suggests the stimulation of conviviality and good fellowship dinner put them in a jovial mood
  - JOLLY suggests high spirits expressed in laughing, bantering, and jesting our jolly host enlivened the party
- genial (/ ˈdʒiːniəl /) favorable to growth or comfort : MILD 宜人的;適宜的 marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness 和藹的,親切的 marked by genius 有才幹的
  GRACIOUS, CORDIAL, AFFABLE, GENIAL, SOCIABLE mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse.
  - GRACIOUS implies courtesy and kindly consideration the gracious award winner thanked her colleagues
  - CORDIAL stresses warmth and heartiness our host was cordial as he greeted us
  - AFFABLE implies easy approachability and readiness to respond pleasantly to conversation or requests or proposals though wealthy, she was affable to all
  - GENIAL stresses cheerfulness and even joviality a genial companion with a ready quip
  - SOCIABLE suggests a genuine liking for the companionship of others sociable people who enjoy entertaining

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Prone

/proʊn /
pro: 向前 => 傾向、向前趴平
having a tendency or inclination : being likely
a: having the front or ventral surface downward b: lying flat or prostrate(俯臥)
PRONE, SUPINE, PROSTRATE, RECUMBENT mean lying down.
LIABLE, OPEN, EXPOSED, SUBJECT, PRONE, SUSCEPTIBLE, SENSITIVE mean being by nature or through circumstances likely to experience something adverse.
- PRONE implies a position with the front of the body turned toward the supporting surface push-ups require a prone position
- SUPINE implies lying on one's back and suggests inertness or abjectness lying supine on the couch
- PROSTRATE implies lying full-length as in submission, defeat, or physical collapse a runner fell prostrate at the finish line
- RECUMBENT implies the posture of one sleeping or resting a patient comfortably recumbent in a hospital bed
- LIABLE implies a possibility or probability of incurring something because of position, nature, or particular situation liable to get lost
- OPEN stresses a lack of barriers preventing incurrence a claim open to question
- EXPOSED suggests lack of protection or powers of resistance against something actually present or threatening exposed to infection
- SUBJECT implies an openness for any reason to something that must be suffered or undergone all reports are subject to review
- PRONE stresses natural tendency or propensity to incur something prone to procrastination
- SUSCEPTIBLE implies conditions existing in one's nature or individual constitution that make incurrence probable very susceptible to flattery
- SENSITIVE implies a readiness to respond to or be influenced by forces or stimuli unduly sensitive to criticism
有...傾向的,易於...的，俯伏的,面向下的
Example sentence
<>: upright, erect (GRE 2 「直立」)
- upright
  - PERPENDICULAR, VERTICAL 垂直的 erect in carriage or posture 挺直的,筆直的 having the main axis or a main part perpendicular 豎的,直立的
  - marked by strong moral rectitude 正直的,誠實的;公平的
    UPRIGHT, HONEST, JUST, CONSCIENTIOUS, SCRUPULOUS, HONORABLE mean having or showing a strict regard for what is morally right.
    - UPRIGHT implies a strict adherence to moral principles a stern and upright minister
    - HONEST stresses adherence to such virtues as truthfulness, candor, fairness known for being honest in business dealings
    - JUST stresses conscious choice and regular practice of what is right or equitable workers given just compensation
    - CONSCIENTIOUS and SCRUPULOUS imply an active moral sense governing all one's actions and painstaking efforts to follow one's conscience
      conscientious in the completion of her assignments，scrupulous in carrying out the terms of the will
    - HONORABLE suggests a firm holding to codes of right behavior and the guidance of a high sense of honor and duty a difficult but honorable decision
- erect 直立的,垂直的,豎起的 (也可當 v.)
  - vertical in position; also: not spread out or decumbent，standing up or out from the body，characterized by firm or rigid straightness in bodily posture
  - (v.) (1): to put up by the fitting together of materials or parts : BUILD 樹立 (2): to fix in an upright position 使豎立 (3): to cause to stand up or stand out 使豎立
  - (v.) to elevate in status 地位提昇(站起來)
  - (v.) SET UP, ESTABLISH 建立;設立
  - (v.) to draw or construct (as a perpendicular or figure) upon a given base 安裝;裝配

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Immune

/ ɪˈmjuːn /
im: not mune: 感染
a: FREE, EXEMPT b: marked by protection
not susceptible or responsive especially: having a high degree of resistance to a disease
a : having or producing antibodies or lymphocytes capable of reacting with a specific antigen b : produced by, involved in, or concerned with immunity or an immune response
免除的;免於...的;被保護的，不受影響的;免疫的，有抗體的，抗體反應的
The Labour Party is not immune to new ideas.
The senior members of the group appeared to be immune from arrest.
immune <> having no resistance
immunity <> susceptibility, vulnerability
- susceptibility
  - the quality or state of being susceptible; especially: lack of ability to resist some extraneous agent (as a pathogen or drug) : SENSITIVITY 易受影響的氣質
  - a: a susceptible temperament 易受感動性 or constitution b plural : FEELINGS, SENSIBILITIES 敏感性
  - the ratio of the magnetization in a substance to the corresponding magnetizing force 磁化率
  - the ratio of the electric polarization to the electric intensity in a polarized dielectric 電磁啥的
- susceptible 易被感動的,易受...影響的;敏感的
  - capable of submitting to an action, process, or operation
  - open, subject, or unresistant to some stimulus, influence, or agency
  - IMPRESSIONABLE, RESPONSIVE
    LIABLE, OPEN, EXPOSED, SUBJECT, PRONE, SUSCEPTIBLE, SENSITIVE mean being by nature or through circumstances likely to experience something adverse.
    - LIABLE implies a possibility or probability of incurring something because of position, nature, or particular situation liable to get lost
    - OPEN stresses a lack of barriers preventing incurrence a claim open to question
    - EXPOSED suggests lack of protection or powers of resistance against something actually present or threatening exposed to infection
    - SUBJECT implies an openness for any reason to something that must be suffered or undergone all reports are subject to review
    - PRONE stresses natural tendency or propensity to incur something prone to procrastination
    - SUSCEPTIBLE implies conditions existing in one's nature or individual constitution that make incurrence probable very susceptible to flattery
    - SENSITIVE implies a readiness to respond to or be influenced by forces or stimuli unduly sensitive to criticism
immunize : resist = fertilize : grow (左邊導致右邊)
- fertilize (/ˈfɜːtəlaɪz) to make fertile: as a: to apply a fertilizer to 使肥沃;施肥 b: to cause the fertilization of 使受精
  fertile (/ˈfɜːtl /)
  - a: producing or bearing fruit in great quantities: PRODUCTIVE 多產的,繁殖力強的
  - characterized by great resourcefulness of thought or imagination: INVENTIVE (創造力或想像力)豐富的
  - (1): capable of sustaining abundant plant growth 富饒的,豐產的 (2): affording abundant possibilities for development 許多開發可能的
  - capable of growing or developing 會成長的 capable of producing fruit 能結果的 capable of breeding or reproducing 能生育的
  - capable of being converted into fissionable material 可轉換成裂變物質的
- fertilizer one that fertilizes; specifically: a substance (as manure or a chemical mixture) used to make soil more fertile 肥料;促進發展者
- fertilization 肥沃;施肥，受精(作用)
vaccination : immune = overexposure : jaded (左邊導致右邊)
- vaccination (/ ˌvæksəˈneɪʆən /) the act of vaccinating 種痘;接種 the scar left by vaccinating 牛痘疤
  vaccinate (/ ˈvæksəneɪt /) to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in order to produce immunity to smallpox 種牛痘;注射疫苗 to administer a vaccine to usually by injection 接種疫苗
  vaccine (亦可當 adj.，/ ˈvæksiːn/) matter or a preparation containing the virus of cowpox in a form used for vaccination 疫苗
- overexposure (over，exposure) to expose excessively; especially : to expose (as film) to excessive radiation (as light) 過度曝光
vaccinating : immunity = soporific, sedative : sleep, drowsiness (左邊導致右邊)
- soporific (/ˌsɒpəˈrɪfɪk/)
  - causing or tending to cause sleep 催眠的 tending to dull awareness or alertness 讓人失去警覺的 of, relating to, or marked by sleepiness or lethargy 睡眠的
  - (n.) a soporific agent; specifically : HYPNOTIC 催眠劑
- sedative (sed: sit => 平靜，/ ˈsedətɪv /)
  - tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize nervousness or excitement 使安靜的;使鎮靜的
  - (n.) a sedative agent or drug 鎮靜劑;能使安靜的東西
- drowsiness (drowsy: 昏昏欲睡的，/ ˈdraʊzənɪs/) 睡意;困倦;昏睡
  drowsy ready to fall asleep 昏昏欲睡的 inducing or tending to induce sleep 催眠的,使人昏昏欲睡的 INDOLENT, LETHARGIC 懶散的,無活力的

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Opportune

/ˌɑːpərˈtuːn /
opportunity 機會
suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence
occurring at an appropriate time
(行為、事情等)及時的,適時的， (時間等)恰好的,適宜的
I waited, hoping for an opportune moment to discuss the possibility of a raise.
<>: inconvenient, untimely
- inconvenient (in: not convenient) not convenient especially in giving trouble or annoyance : INOPPORTUNE 不方便的;打擾的;令人為難的
  convenient suited to personal comfort or to easy performance 方便的 suited to a particular situation 合宜的
  affording accommodation or advantage 便利的 being near at hand : HANDY 近而方便的
- untimely (un: not time) occurring or done before the due, natural, or proper time : too early : PREMATURE 過早的;不適時的 INOPPORTUNE, UNSEASONABLE 不合時宜的
opportune : convenience = impermanent : transience (正面性質)
- convenience
  - fitness or suitability for performing an action or fulfilling a requirement 合宜
  - something (as an appliance, device, or service) conducive to comfort or ease 便利設施;方便的用具
  - a suitable or convenient time 方便;合宜的時間
  - freedom from discomfort : EASE 舒適,自在
- impermanent not permanent : TRANSIENT 不持久的;暫時的

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Austere

/ ɔːˈstɪər/
a : stern and cold in appearance or manner b : SOMBER, GRAVE
morally strict : ASCETIC
markedly simple or unadorned
giving little or no scope for pleasure
SEVERE, STERN, AUSTERE, ASCETIC mean given to or marked by strict discipline and firm restraint.
- SEVERE implies standards enforced without indulgence or laxity and may suggest harshness severe military discipline
- STERN stresses inflexibility and inexorability of temper or character stern arbiters of public morality
- AUSTERE stresses absence of warmth, color, or feeling and may apply to rigorous restraint, simplicity, or self-denial living an austere life in the country
- ASCETIC (/ əˈsetɪk /) implies abstention from pleasure and comfort or self-indulgence as spiritual discipline the ascetic life of the monastic orders
嚴厲的;嚴肅的;嚴峻的，禁慾的;苦行的，簡樸的,無裝飾的
Her father is a very austere man.
<>: baroque (巴洛克 => 華麗不簡樸，/bəˈroʊk/) 巴洛克風格的
- characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance 風格特異的, 奢侈華麗的, 複雜的, 浮誇的
- irregularly shaped 不規則形狀的
austere : decorate = abstemious, abstinent : indulge (反面性質)
- abstinent (ab: away，/ ˈæbstənənt /)
  - voluntary forbearance especially from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods : ABSTENTION 節制慾望的
  - habitual abstaining(戒除) from intoxicating(使醉的) beverages(飲料) 戒酒的
- abstain to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice (克己)戒;避免;避開
- indulge (in: into) 縱容;沈迷
  - a : to give free rein to b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY
  - a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration
    INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings.
    - INDULGE implies excessive compliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's own desires indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse
    - PAMPER implies inordinate gratification of desire for luxury and comfort with consequent enervating effect pampered by the amenities of modern living
    - HUMOR stresses a yielding to a person's moods or whims humored him by letting him tell the story
    - SPOIL stresses the injurious effects on character by indulging or pampering foolish parents spoil their children
    - BABY suggests excessive care, attention, or solicitude babying students by grading too easily
    - MOLLYCODDLE suggests an excessive degree of care and attention to another's health or welfare refused to mollycoddle her malingering son
adulterate : pure = embellish : austere (反面性質)
austere : design = laconic : speech (修飾對象) (左邊是簡單的右邊)
- laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)
  using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的
  CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.
plain : austere = clean : sterile (同義類比)
- plain
  - lacking ornament : UNDECORATED 簡樸的;樸素的;
  - free of extraneous matter : PURE 不攙雜的
  - free of impediments to view : UNOBSTRUCTED 清楚的;明白的;
  - a(1) : evident to the mind or senses : OBVIOUS 明顯的 (2): CLEAR 乾淨清楚的 b: marked by outspoken candor: free from duplicity or subtlety : BLUNT 坦白的,直率的
  - a: belonging to the great mass of humans 大眾的 b : lacking special distinction or affectation : ORDINARY 平凡無奇的
  - characterized by simplicity : not complicated 簡單不複雜的
  - lacking beauty or ugliness 不漂亮的;醜的
  - (n.) a : an extensive area of level or rolling treeless country 平原 b : a broad unbroken expanse(廣闊的區域) 曠野
  - (n.) something free from artifice, ornament, or extraneous matter 沒有過多裝飾的東西
  - (adv.) ABSOLUTELY 完全地;徹底地
- sterile (/ ˈsterəl /)
  - a: failing to bear or incapable of producing fruit or spores b: failing to produce or incapable of producing offspring c: incapable of germinating 不生育的;不結果實的;不生長的
  - of a flower: neither perfect nor pistillate (植物)只具雄蕊的;雌雄蕊俱無的
  - a: unproductive of vegetation b: free from living organisms and especially microorganisms 消過毒的,無菌的 c: lacking in stimulating emotional or intellectual quality: LIFELESS 枯燥乏味的;無生氣的
imperial : significant = Spartan : austere (同義類比)
- imperial (emperor，/ ɪmˈpɪəriəl/)
  - of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire or an emperor 帝國的;皇帝(或女皇)的
  - a : SOVEREIGN 最高統治者的 b : REGAL, IMPERIOUS 豪華的;專橫的
  - of superior or unusual size or excellence (商品等)特優的;特大的
  - belonging to the official British series of weights and measures (度量衡)英制的
  - (n.) a pointed beard growing below the lower lip (蓄於下唇下的小綹鬍鬚)皇帝髯
  - (n.) something of unusual size or excellence 特優或特大的東西
- Spartan (/ ˈspɑːrtn/)
  - of or relating to Sparta in ancient Greece 斯巴達人的
  - marked by strict self-discipline or self-denial 斯巴達式的自律,克己
  - marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort 斯巴達式的簡樸、節約、刻苦
  - LACONIC 簡潔的;簡明的 undaunted by pain or danger 無懼痛苦危險的

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Demure

/ dɪˈmjʊr/
de: 完全的 mure: mature
RESERVED, MODEST
affectedly(假裝地,做作地) modest, reserved, or serious : COY
端莊的;嫻靜的，裝作一本正經的;佯作害羞的
Old photos of Maggie show her young and demure.
<>: frivolous (fri: free，/ ˈfrɪvələs /)
- a: of little weight or importance 幾乎沒有重量、不重要的 b: having no sound basis (as in fact or law) 沒有足夠根據的
- a: lacking in seriousness 輕佻的 b: marked by unbecoming levity 不得體清浮的

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Dire

/daɪr /
a: exciting horror b: DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE
warning of disaster
a: desperately urgent b: EXTREME
引起恐懼的，使人驚恐的,壓迫的，警告有災難的，極度緊迫的，極度的;極端的
warnings of dire consequences that often don't come true
The country is in dire need of food aid.

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Obese

/oʊˈbiːs/
ese: essen 德文的「吃」
excessively fat
過胖的
a special summer camp for obese children and teens
<>: emaciated, gangly (gangling), spindly
- gangly (gangling) (/ˈgæŋgli /，/ ˈgæŋglɪŋ /) loosely and awkwardly built : LANKY 身材瘦長到行動起來怪異的
- spindly (/ ˈspɪndli /)
  - of a disproportionately tall or long and thin appearance that often suggests physical weakness 四肢細長瘦弱的
  - frail(薄弱的) or flimsy(脆弱易損壞的) in appearance or structure 外表(結構)上單薄的

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Jocose

/dʒoˈkos/
joc: joy
given to joking : MERRY
characterized by joking : HUMOROUS
WITTY, HUMOROUS, FACETIOUS, JOCULAR, JOCOSE mean provoking or intended to provoke laughter.
- WITTY suggests cleverness and quickness of mind a witty remark
- HUMOROUS applies broadly to anything that evokes usually genial laughter and may contrast with witty in suggesting whimsicality or eccentricity humorous anecdotes
- FACETIOUS stresses a desire to produce laughter and may be derogatory in implying dubious or ill-timed attempts at wit or humor facetious comments
- JOCULAR implies a usually habitual fondness for jesting and joking a jocular fellow
- JOCOSE is somewhat less derogatory than FACETIOUS in suggesting habitual waggishness or playfulness jocose proposals
開玩笑的;詼諧的
<>: morose

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Morose

/ məˈroʊs /
having a sullen and gloomy disposition
marked by or expressive of gloom
SULLEN, GLUM, MOROSE, SURLY, SULKY, CRABBED, SATURNINE, GLOOMY mean showing a forbidding or disagreeable mood.
- SULLEN implies a silent ill humor and a refusal to be sociable remained sullen amid the festivities
- GLUM suggests a silent dispiritedness a glum candidate left to ponder a stunning defeat
- MOROSE adds to GLUM an element of bitterness or misanthropy morose job seekers who are inured to rejection
- SURLY implies gruffness and sullenness of speech or manner a typical surly teenager
- SULKY suggests childish resentment expressed in peevish sullenness grew sulky after every spat
- CRABBED applies to a forbidding morose harshness of manner the school's notoriously crabbed headmaster
- SATURNINE describes a heavy forbidding aspect or suggests a bitter disposition a saturnine cynic always finding fault
- GLOOMY implies a depression in mood making for seeming sullenness or glumness a gloomy mood ushered in by bad news
脾氣壞的;陰鬱的，陰沈的
Daniel seems very morose and gloomy.
<>: cheerful, sanguine, jocose
- sanguine (sang: blood => 面有紅光，/ ˈsæŋgwɪn /)
  - BLOODRED 血紅的 consisting of or relating to blood 血的 BLOODTHIRSTY, SANGUINARY 嗜血的,血腥的 of the complexion(面色): RUDDY 氣色好的,紅潤的
  - having blood as the predominating bodily humor; also : having the bodily conformation and temperament held characteristic of such predominance and marked by sturdiness, high color, and cheerfulness 血色好的,紅潤的
  - CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC 有信心的;樂觀的

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Verbose

/vɜːˈboʊs /
verb: 文字 (ex: verbal)
containing more words than necessary : WORDY also: impaired by wordiness
given to wordiness
WORDY, VERBOSE, PROLIX, DIFFUSE mean using more words than necessary to express thought.
- WORDY may also imply loquaciousness or garrulity a wordy speech
- VERBOSE suggests a resulting dullness, obscurity, or lack of incisiveness or precision the verbose position papers
- PROLIX suggests unreasonable and tedious dwelling on details habitually transformed brief anecdotes into prolix sagas
- DIFFUSE stresses lack of compactness and pointedness of style diffuse memoirs that are so many shaggy-dog stories
- windy
  - a(1): WINDSWEPT 被風吹掃的 (2): marked by strong wind or by more wind than usual 風大的;多風的 b: VIOLENT, STORMY 激烈的
  - FLATULENT 誇誇其談的;空談的;氣脹的
  - a: VERBOSE, BOMBASTIC 冗言的;誇張的 b: lacking substance : EMPTY 沒有實質東西的
- redundant
- tautological
冗言的
For once, his usually verbose wife was content to listen.
<>: terse, laconic, succinct, pithy
- laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)
  using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的
- CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.

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Abstruse

/ əbˈstruːs/
abstract => 抽象會難懂
difficult to comprehend : RECONDITE
GRE 5 「難以理解」: cryptic, occult, abstruse, recondite, opaque
深奧的,難懂的
Maths is a mix of abstruse theory and detailed calculations.
<>: accessible, patent, explicit
- accessible
  - providing access 可通達的
  - a: capable of being reached also: being within reach 可(或易)接近的;可(或易)進入的 b: easy to speak or deal with 易溝通處理的
  - capable of being influenced : OPEN 易受影響的
  - capable of being used or seen : AVAILABLE 可被使用的, 可被見到的
  - capable of being understood or appreciated 易被理解的;受到讚賞的
- explicit (ex: out) (<>: implicit)
  - fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication, or ambiguity : leaving no question as to meaning or intent 詳盡明確的
  - fully developed or formulated 詳盡清楚的
  - unambiguous in expression 不含糊的
    EXPLICIT, DEFINITE, EXPRESS, SPECIFIC mean perfectly clear in meaning.
    - EXPLICIT implies such verbal plainness and distinctness that there is no need for inference and no room for difficulty in understanding explicit instructions
    - DEFINITE stresses precise, clear statement or arrangement that leaves no doubt or indecision the law is definite in such cases
    - EXPRESS implies both explicitness and direct and positive utterance her express wishes
    - SPECIFIC applies to what is precisely and fully treated in detail or particular two specific criticisms

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Obtuse

/ əbˈtjuːs/
not pointed or acute : BLUNT
(1) of an angle: exceeding 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees (2) : having an obtuse angle
of a leaf : rounded at the free end
lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect : INSENSITIVE, STUPID
difficult to comprehend : not clear or precise in thought or expression
DULL, BLUNT, OBTUSE mean not sharp, keen, or acute.
- DULL suggests a lack or loss of keenness, zest, or pungency a dull pain，a dull mind
- BLUNT suggests an inherent lack of sharpness or quickness of feeling or perception a person of blunt sensibility
- OBTUSE implies such bluntness as makes one insensitive in perception or imagination too obtuse to realize the remark was offensive
鈍的，鈍角的，【植】圓頭的，愚鈍的，不夠清楚精確以致難以理解的
Maybe I'm being obtuse, but I don't understand what you're so upset about.
<>: insightful, acute, keen, perspicacious
- acute (/ əˈkjuːt /) (acumen)
  - characterized by sharpness or severity 劇烈的,激烈的;嚴重的
  - having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course 急性的
  - lasting a short time 短暫的
  - being or forming an angle measuring less than 90 degrees 銳角的
  - marked by keen discernment or intellectual perception especially of subtle distinctions : PENETRATING 敏銳的 an acute thinker
  - responsive to slight impressions or stimuli 敏銳的 acute hearing
    ACUTE, CRITICAL, CRUCIAL mean of uncertain outcome.
    - ACUTE stresses intensification of conditions leading to a culmination or breaking point an acute housing shortage
    - CRITICAL adds to ACUTE implications of imminent change, of attendant suspense, and of decisiveness in the outcome the war has entered a critical phase
    - CRUCIAL suggests a dividing of the ways and often a test or trial involving the determination of a future course or direction a crucial vote
- keen 熱心的,熱衷的,深切的，渴望的,極想的，敏銳的,敏捷的，鋒利的,銳利的，激烈的;強烈的;尖刻的
- perspicacious (per: through spic: look，/ ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʆəs/) of acute mental vision or discernment : KEEN 有穎悟力的;有洞察力的
  SHREWD, SAGACIOUS, PERSPICACIOUS, ASTUTE mean acute in perception and sound in judgment.
  - SHREWD stresses practical, hardheaded cleverness and judgment a shrewd judge of character
  - SAGACIOUS (saga: sage) suggests wisdom, penetration, and farsightedness sagacious investors got in on the ground floor
  - PERSPICACIOUS implies unusual power to see through and understand what is puzzling or hidden a perspicacious counselor saw through the child's facade
  - ASTUTE suggests shrewdness, perspicacity, and diplomatic skill an astute player of party politics
acute, keen, perspicacious : obtuseness = restive : calmness (反面性質)
- calmness (calmn) 平靜，冷靜;沈著

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Effete

/ ɪˈfiːt/
ef: out of fe: make => 缺乏創造 => 缺乏活力
no longer fertile
a: having lost character, vitality, or strength b: marked by weakness or decadence c:soft or delicate from or as if from a pampered existence
EFFEMINATE
貧瘠的，衰弱的;無能力的，因嬌養而脆弱的
an attack against effete intellectuals
<>: hale, robust, lusty, sturdy (GRE 健壯)
- hale (health) free from defect, disease, or infirmity : SOUND; also: retaining exceptional health and vigor (尤指老人)健壯的
  HEALTHY, SOUND, WHOLESOME, ROBUST, HALE, WELL mean enjoying or indicative of good health.
  - HEALTHY implies full strength and vigor as well as freedom from signs of disease a healthy family
  - SOUND emphasizes the absence of disease, weakness, or malfunction a sound heart
  - WHOLESOME implies appearance and behavior indicating soundness and balance a face with a wholesome glow
  - ROBUST implies the opposite of all that is delicate or sickly a lively, robust little boy
  - HALE applies particularly to robustness in old age still hale at the age of eighty
  - WELL implies merely freedom from disease or illness she has never been a well person
- lusty full of strength and vitality : HEALTHY, VIGOROUS 精力充沛的;健壯的; ENTHUSIASTIC, ROUSING 熱情的,活潑的
- sturdy (年輕而強壯的) (相對應 senile: 年老而衰弱的)
  - a: firmly built or constituted: STOUT b: HARDY c: sound in design or execution : SUBSTANTIAL 堅固的,經久耐用的
  - a: marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor 健壯的,結實的;健康的 b: FIRM, RESOLUTE 剛毅的;堅決的 c: RUGGED, STABLE
    STRONG, STOUT, STURDY, STALWART, TOUGH, TENACIOUS mean showing power to resist or to endure.
    - STRONG may imply power derived from muscular vigor, large size, structural soundness, intellectual or spiritual resources the defense has a strong case
    - STOUT suggests an ability to endure stress, pain, or hard use without giving way stout hiking boots
    - STURDY implies strength derived from vigorous growth, determination of spirit, solidity of construction a sturdy table，people of sturdy independence
    - STALWART suggests an unshakable dependability stalwart environmentalists
    - TOUGH implies great firmness and resiliency a tough political opponent
    - TENACIOUS suggests strength in seizing, retaining, clinging to, or holding together tenacious farmers clinging to an age-old way of life

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Obsolete

/ˌɑːbsəˈliːt /
ob: omission sole: 單一 -> 孤立 => 孤立忽略不用
a: no longer in use or no longer useful b: of a kind or style no longer current : OLD-FASHIONED
of a plant or animal part: indistinct or imperfect as compared with a corresponding part in related organisms : VESTIGIAL
OLD, ANCIENT, VENERABLE, ANTIQUE, ANTIQUATED, ARCHAIC, OBSOLETE mean having come into existence or use in the more or less distant past.
- OLD may apply to either actual or merely relative length of existence old houses，an old sweater of mine
- ANCIENT applies to occurrence, existence, or use in or survival from the distant past ancient accounts of dragons
- VENERABLE stresses the impressiveness and dignity of great age the family's venerable patriarch
- ANTIQUE applies to what has come down from a former or ancient time collected antique Chippendale furniture
- ANTIQUATED implies being discredited or outmoded or otherwise inappropriate to the present time antiquated teaching methods
- ARCHAIC implies having the character or characteristics of a much earlier time the play used archaic language to convey a sense of period
- OBSOLETE may apply to something regarded as no longer acceptable or useful even though it is still in existence a computer that makes earlier models obsolete
廢棄的,淘汰的，過時的,老式的，退化的,不發育的
computer hardware that quickly became obsolete
Will computers render (=make) books obsolete?
<>: in use, renovated
- renovate (re: again nov: new (ex: novel)，/ ˈrenəveɪt /)
  - to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding) 打掃;修復;重建回到之前更好的樣貌
  - to restore to life, vigor, or activity : REVIVE 恢復精力體力活力
    RENEW, RESTORE, REFRESH, RENOVATE, REJUVENATE mean to make like new.
    - RENEW implies a restoration of what had become faded or disintegrated so that it seems like new efforts to renew the splendor of the old castle
    - RESTORE implies a return to an original state after depletion or loss restored a fine piece of furniture
    - REFRESH implies the supplying of something necessary to restore lost strength, animation, or power a refreshing drink
    - RENOVATE suggestsa renewing by cleansing, repairing, or rebuilding the apartment has been entirely renovated
    - REJUVENATE suggests the restoration of youthful vigor, powers, or appearance the change in jobs rejuvenated her spirits

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Apposite

/ ˈæpəzɪt/
posit: put (ex: position)
highly pertinent or appropriate : APT
RELEVANT, GERMANE, MATERIAL, PERTINENT, APPOSITE, APPLICABLE, APROPOS mean relating to or bearing upon the matter in hand.
- RELEVANT implies a traceable, significant, logical connection found material relevant to her case
- GERMANE may additionally imply a fitness for or appropriateness to the situation or occasion a point not germane to the discussion
- MATERIAL implies so close a relationship that it cannot be dispensed with without serious alteration of the case facts material to the investigation
- PERTINENT stresses a clear and decisive relevance a pertinent observation
- APPOSITE suggests a felicitous relevance add an apposite quotation to the definition
- APPLICABLE suggests the fitness of bringing a general rule or principle to bear upon a particular case the rule is not applicable in this case
- APROPOS suggests being both relevant and opportune the quip was apropos
- appropriate
  - especially suitable or compatible : FITTING 適當的,恰當的,相稱的
  - (v.) to take exclusive possession of : ANNEX 佔用;挪用 to set apart for or assign to a particular purpose or use 分配 to take or make use of without authority or right 盜用
- pertinent having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand 有關的,相干的,中肯的
  pertain
  - to belong as a part, member, accessory, or product，to belong as an attribute, feature, or function，to belong as a duty or right 從屬,附屬
  - to be appropriate to something 適合,相配
  - to have reference 有關,關於
- material (mater: matter，immaterial 見下)
  - (1): relating to, derived from, or consisting of matter; especially: PHYSICAL 物質的;有形的 the material world (2): BODILY 肉體的,身體上的
  - (1): of or relating to matter rather than form 實體更甚形式的 (2): of or relating to the subject matter of reasoning; especially: EMPIRICAL 經驗推理的
  - having real importance or great consequences 重要的
  - a: being of a physical or worldly nature b: relating to or concerned with physical rather than spiritual or intellectual things 物質的(相對「精神的」)
- juxtapose (juxta: 並列 pose: 放置 => 並放 => 相關的，/ˈdʒʌkstəpoʊz /)to place side by side 將...並置,將...並列
適當的,貼切的
His observations are, indeed, apposite to the present discussion.
<>: extraneous, immaterial
- extraneous (ex: out，/ ɪkˈstreɪniəs /)
  - existing on or coming from the outside 外來的
  - a: not forming an essential or vital part 不重要的 b: having no relevance 無關的
  - being a number obtained in solving an equation that is not a solution of the equation 錯誤答案的
    EXTRINSIC, EXTRANEOUS, FOREIGN, ALIEN mean external to a thing, its essential nature, or its original character.
    - EXTRINSIC applies to what is distinctly outside the thing in question or is not contained in or derived from its essential nature
      sentimental value that is extrinsic to the house's market value
    - EXTRANEOUS applies to what is on or comes from the outside and may or may not be capable of becoming an essential part arguments extraneous to the issue
    - FOREIGN applies to what is so different as to be rejected or repelled or to be incapable of becoming assimilated techniques foreign to French cuisine
    - ALIEN is stronger than FOREIGN in suggesting opposition, repugnance, or irreconcilability a practice totally alien to her nature
- immaterial (mater: matter，material 見上)
  not consisting of matter : INCORPOREAL 無實體的;無形的;精神的 of no substantial consequence : UNIMPORTANT 不重要的,無關緊要的

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Erudite

/ ˈerʊdaɪt /
音似「耶魯呆子」 => 在耶魯大學的人很有學問
possessing or displaying erudition : LEARNED
erudition (/ ˌerʊˈdɪʆən /) extensive knowledge acquired chiefly from books : profound, recondite, or bookish learning 博學;學識
博學的
His guttural utterances are accompanied by erudite subtitles.
erudite <> ignorant, unlettered
- ignorant (ignore)
  - destitute of knowledge or education; also: lacking knowledge or comprehension of the thing specified 無知的,不學無術的;沒有受教育的
  - resulting from or showing lack of knowledge or intelligence 無知造成的;顯示無知的
  - UNAWARE, UNINFORMED 不知道的
- unlettered (un: not letter: 字母 => 不識字) (同義字見下)
  - lacking facility in reading and writing and ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books 未受教育的 ILLITERATE 文盲的
  - not marked with letters 無字的
- IGNORANT, ILLITERATE, UNLETTERED, UNTUTORED, UNLEARNED mean not having knowledge.
  - IGNORANT may imply a general condition or it may apply to lack of knowledge or awareness of a particular thing an ignorant fool，ignorant of nuclear physics
  - ILLITERATE applies to either an absolute or a relative inability to read and write much of the population is still illiterate
  - UNLETTERED implies ignorance of the knowledge gained by reading an allusion meaningless to the unlettered
  - UNTUTORED may imply lack of schooling in the arts and ways of civilization strange monuments built by an untutored people
  - UNLEARNED suggests ignorance of advanced subjects poetry not for academics but for the unlearned masses
erudition <> smattering of knowledge
- erudition 見上
- smattering superficial piecemeal knowledge 一知半解雜湊而成的知識 a small scattered number or amount 零星少數
  smatter to speak with spotty or superficial knowledge 東拉西扯地泛論 to dabble in 略知 (n.) SMATTERING 一知半解
eudite : fathom = oblivious : neglect (正面性質)
- fathom (/ ˈfæðəm /)
  - (n.) a unit of length equal to six feet (1.83 meters) used especially for measuring the depth of water 噚(測水深的單位,一噚是6呎或1.829公尺)
  - (v.) to measure by a sounding line 測量...的深度 to penetrate and come to understand 深入瞭解

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Recondite

/ ˈrekəndaɪt/
hidden from sight : CONCEALED
difficult or impossible for one of ordinary understanding or knowledge to comprehend : DEEP
of, relating to, or dealing with something little known or obscure
GRE 5 「難以理解」: cryptic, occult, abstruse, recondite, opaque
隱藏的，深奧的;(學問等)不易懂的，默默無聞的
Such teachings are very recondite and need considerable study to understand fully.
<>: widely understood, patent, self-explanatory, self-evident, comprehensible, fathomable
- fathomable (fathom，/ˈfæðəməbəl /) 可測明深度的，可推測的;可了解的
  unfathomable (fathom，/ ʌnˈfæðəməbəl /) not capable of being fathomed: a: impossible to comprehend 無法瞭解的 b: IMMEASURABLE 無法測知的
  fathom (/ ˈfæðəm /)
  - (n.) a unit of length equal to six feet (1.83 meters) used especially for measuring the depth of water 噚(測水深的單位,一噚是6呎或1.829公尺)
  - (v.) to measure by a sounding line 測量...的深度 to penetrate and come to understand 深入瞭解
tenacious : eradicate = recondite : fathom (反面性質)
- tenacious (ten: hold，/ təˈneɪʆəs /)
  - not easily pulled apart : COHESIVE，tending to adhere or cling especially to another substance 黏著力強的
  - persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual 堅持的,頑強的,固執的 RETENTIVE (記憶力)強的
    STRONG, STOUT, STURDY, STALWART, TOUGH, TENACIOUS mean showing power to resist or to endure.
    - STRONG may imply power derived from muscular vigor, large size, structural soundness, intellectual or spiritual resources the defense has a strong case
    - STOUT suggests an ability to endure stress, pain, or hard use without giving way stout hiking boots
    - STURDY implies strength derived from vigorous growth, determination of spirit, solidity of construction a sturdy table，people of sturdy independence
    - STALWART suggests an unshakable dependability stalwart environmentalists
    - TOUGH implies great firmness and resiliency a tough political opponent
    - TENACIOUS suggests strength in seizing, retaining, clinging to, or holding together tenacious farmers clinging to an age-old way of life
- eradicate (e: out rad: root => 根除) to pull up by the roots，to do away with as completely as if by pulling up by the roots 連根拔除,根絕;消滅
  EXTERMINATE, EXTIRPATE, ERADICATE, UPROOT mean to effect the destruction or abolition of something.
  - EXTERMINATE implies complete and immediate extinction by killing off all individuals exterminate cockroaches
  - EXTIRPATE implies extinction of a race, family, species, or sometimes an idea or doctrine by destruction or removal of its means of propagation
    many species have been extirpated from the area
  - ERADICATE implies the driving out or elimination of something that has established itself a campaign to eradicate illiteracy
  - UPROOT implies a forcible or violent removal and stresses displacement or dislodgment rather than immediate destruction the war uprooted thousands
- fathom 見上

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Trite

/ traɪt /
trit: 磨損 => 陳舊的 => 陳腐的
hackneyed or boring from much use : not fresh or original
TRITE, HACKNEYED, STEREOTYPED, THREADBARE mean lacking the freshness that evokes attention or interest.
- TRITE applies to a once effective phrase or idea spoiled from long familiarity "you win some, you lose some" is a trite expression
- HACKNEYED stresses being worn out by overuse so as to become dull and meaningless all of the metaphors and images in the poem are hackneyed
- STEREOTYPED implies falling invariably into the same pattern or form views of minorities that are stereotyped and out-of-date
- THREADBARE applies to what has been used until its possibilities of interest have been totally exhausted a mystery novel with a threadbare plot
- banal
- threadbare (thread，bare: 裸的 => 露出線頭 => 老舊的，/ ˈθredber/)
  - having the nap worn off so that the thread shows : SHABBY 衣衫襤褸的;(衣服)穿舊的,破爛的
  - exhausted of interest or freshness 老一套的,乏味的
- stale (/ steɪl /) (亦可當 v.)
  - tasteless or unpalatable from age 不新鮮的,腐壞的
  - tedious from familiarity 因熟悉而感到厭倦的
  - impaired in legal force or effect by reason of being allowed to rest without timely use, action, or demand 失時效的
  - impaired in vigor or effectiveness 疲倦的;沒精打采的
- pedestrian (ped: feet => 行人 => 路人 => 平凡，/ pəˈdestriən /)
  - COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE (文章等)平淡的,沈悶的;(人)缺乏想像力的;平庸的
  - a : going or performed on foot 徒步的,步行的 b : of, relating to, or designed for walking 行人的,人行的
- timeworn (time，worn: wear 磨損 => 經過時間磨損 => 老舊的) worn or impaired by time，AGE-OLD, ANCIENT 陳舊的 HACKNEYED, STALE 陳腔濫調的
- shopworn (shop，worn: wear 磨損 => 店裡賣不出去磨損 => 老舊退流行的)
  - faded, soiled, or otherwise impaired by remaining too long in a store 陳列(擱置)久了的 (顏色褪去,沾染塵埃,壞掉了)
  - stale from excessive use or familiarity 用舊了的
  - WORN-OUT 用壞的;過時的
- cliched (/ ˈkliːʆeɪd/) marked by or abounding in cliches 一堆陳腔濫調的 HACKNEYED 陳腐的;平庸的
- commonplace commonly found : ORDINARY, UNREMARKABLE 平淡無味的;平凡的,普通的;陳腐的
- musty (mold: 霉)
  - a : impaired by damp or mildew : MOLDY 發霉的 b : tasting of mold(模具;霉) 有霉味的 c : smelling of damp and decay : FUSTY 有霉味的,發沒損壞的
  - a : TRITE, STALE 陳腐的;平庸的 b (1) : ANTIQUATED 陳舊的,過時的; (2) : SUPERANNUATED 落伍的;廢棄的
    MALODOROUS, STINKING, FETID, NOISOME, PUTRID, RANK, FUSTY, MUSTY mean bad-smelling.
- fusty saturated with dust and stale odors : MUSTY 有塵埃霉味的 rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary 守舊的;過時的
  MALODOROUS, STINKING, FETID, NOISOME, PUTRID, RANK, FUSTY, MUSTY mean bad-smelling.
- stereotyped lacking originality or individuality 千篇一律的
  stereotype
  - (n.) a plate cast from a printing surface 鉛版印刷
    something conforming to a fixed or general pattern; especially : a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment 陳規,刻板模式 (過份簡化意見,偏執態度,不重要判斷)
  - (v.) to make a stereotype from 【印】把...澆鑄成鉛板 a: to repeat without variation : make hackneyed b: to develop a mental stereotype about 使平凡無奇;使成為陳規
平庸的;陳腐的
I know it might sound like a trite remark, but mothers usually know best.
<>: original, not banal, fresh

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Dissolute

/ ˈdɪsəluːt /
lacking restraint; especially: marked by indulgence in things (as drink or promiscuous sex) deemed vices
放蕩的;放縱的
I can not see her as an innocent victim of a nasty and dissolute hippie.
libertine : dissolute = sycophant : obsequious= buffon : ludicrous = wag : humorous (人物性質)
- ibertine (liber: liberty，/ ˈlɪbərtiːn/) a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality; specifically: one leading a dissolute life 放蕩者;玩樂者
- sycophant (/ ˈsɪkəfənt /) a servile self-seeking flatterer 拍馬者,諂媚者;食客
  PARASITE, SYCOPHANT, TOADY, LEECH, SPONGE mean a usually obsequious flatterer or self-seeker.
  - PARASITE applies to one who clings to a person of wealth, power, or influence or is useless to society a jet-setter with an entourage of parasites
  - SYCOPHANT adds to this a strong suggestion of fawning, flattery, or adulation a powerful prince surrounded by sycophants
  - TOADY emphasizes the servility and snobbery of the self-seeker cultivated leaders of society and became their toady
  - LEECH stresses persistence in clinging to or bleeding another for one's own advantage a leech living off his family and friends
  - SPONGE stresses the parasitic laziness, dependence, and opportunism of the cadger a shiftless sponge, always looking for a handout
- obsequious (ob: to seq: follow，/ əbˈsiːkwiəs /) marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness 諂媚的,奉承的
  SUBSERVIENT, SERVILE, SLAVISH, OBSEQUIOUS mean showing or characterized by extreme compliance or abject obedience.
  - SUBSERVIENT implies the cringing manner of one very conscious of a subordinate position domestic help was expected to be properly subservient
  - SERVILE suggests the mean or fawning behavior of a slave a political boss and his entourage of servile hangers-on
  - SLAVISH suggests abject or debased servility the slavish status of migrant farm workers
  - OBSEQUIOUS implies fawning or sycophantic compliance and exaggerated deference of manner waiters who are obsequious in the presence of celebrities
- buffoon (/ bəˈfuːn /) a ludicrous figure : CLOWN 丑角;滑稽劇演員 a gross and usually ill-educated or stupid person 粗俗沒教養的人
- ludicrous (/ ˈluːdɪkrəs /) 滑稽的;荒唐可笑的
  - amusing or laughable through obvious absurdity, incongruity, exaggeration, or eccentricity
  - meriting derisive laughter or scorn as absurdly inept, false, or foolish
    LAUGHABLE, LUDICROUS, RIDICULOUS, COMIC, COMICAL mean provoking laughter or mirth.
    - LAUGHABLE applies to anything occasioning laughter laughable attempts at waterskiing
    - LUDICROUS suggests absurdity that excites both laughter and scorn a thriller with a ludicrous plot
    - RIDICULOUS suggests extreme absurdity, foolishness, or contemptibility a ridiculous portrayal of combat
    - COMIC applies especially to what arouses thoughtful amusement a comic character
    - COMICAL applies to what arouses spontaneous hilarity a comical hat
- wag (wise)
  - WIT, JOKER 愛說笑打趣的人,能言善辯的人
  - (v.) to move to and fro or up and down especially with quick jerky motions 搖,搖擺,搖動
  - (v.) to move in chatter or gossip 議論紛紛 scandal caused tongues to wag

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Hirsute

/ˈhɜːsuːt/
hir: hair
HAIRY especially: covered with coarse stiff hairs
有鬃毛的;多毛的
<>: hairless, bald

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Ample

/ ˈæmpəl /
(v.) amplify
generous or more than adequate in size, scope, or capacity
generously sufficient to satisfy a requirement or need
BUXOM, PORTLY
PLENTIFUL, AMPLE, ABUNDANT, COPIOUS mean more than sufficient without being excessive.
SPACIOUS, COMMODIOUS, CAPACIOUS, AMPLE mean larger in extent or capacity than the average.
- PLENTIFUL implies a great or rich supply peaches are plentiful this summer
- AMPLE implies a generous sufficiency to satisfy a particular requirement ample food to last the winter
- ABUNDANT suggests an even greater or richer supply than does PLENTIFUL streams abundant with fish
- COPIOUS stresses largeness of supply rather than fullness or richness copious examples of bureaucratic waste
- SPACIOUS implies great length and breadth a spacious front lawn
- COMMODIOUS stresses roominess and comfortableness a commodious and airy penthouse apartment
- CAPACIOUS stresses the ability to hold, contain, or retain more than the average a capacious suitcase
- AMPLE implies having a greater size, expanse, or amount than that deemed adequate ample closet space
大量的,豐富的,充裕的，足夠的，體型豐滿的
There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.
amplify <> abridge
- abridge to reduce in scope : DIMINISH 縮小範圍 to shorten in duration or extent 縮短 to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense : CONDENSE 刪節,節略
  SHORTEN, CURTAIL, ABBREVIATE, ABRIDGE, RETRENCH mean to reduce in extent.
  - SHORTEN implies reduction in length or duration shorten a speech
  - CURTAIL adds an implication of cutting that in some way deprives of completeness or adequacy ceremonies curtailed because of rain
  - ABBREVIATE implies a making shorter usually by omitting some part using an abbreviated title
  - ABRIDGE implies a reduction in compass or scope with retention of essential elements and a relative completeness in the result the abridged version of the novel
  - RETRENCH suggests a reduction in extent or costs of something felt to be excessive declining business forced the company to retrench
amplitude <> meagerness
- amplitude the quality or state of being ample 廣大,廣闊充足,豐富
- meagerness (/ˈmiːgərnɪs/) lacking desirable qualities (as richness or strength) 枯瘦;粗劣;貧乏

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Fickle

/ ˈfɪkəl /
marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability : given to erratic changeableness
INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion).
- INCONSTANT implies an incapacity for steadiness and an inherent tendency to change an inconstant friend
- FICKLE suggests unreliability because of perverse changeability and incapacity for steadfastness performers discover how fickle fans can be
- CAPRICIOUS suggests motivation by sudden whim or fancy and stresses unpredictability an utterly capricious critic
- MERCURIAL implies a rapid changeability in mood made anxious by her boss's mercurial temperament
- UNSTABLE implies an incapacity for remaining in a fixed position or steady course and applies especially to a lack of emotional balance too unstable to hold a job
- mercurial, whimsical, capricious, volatile, ready, fickle
  - ready displayed readily and spontaneously 敏捷的,機靈的
易變的,無常的
the fickleness of fame
fickle : constancy = naive : sophistication (反面性質)
- constancy steadfastness of mind under duress : FORTITUDE 堅忍;剛毅 FIDELITY, LOYALTY 忠實,忠誠 a state of being constant or unchanging 恆久不變
- naive (/ naˈiːv /)
  - marked by unaffected simplicity : ARTLESS, INGENUOUS 天真無邪的;不狡猾的
  - deficient in worldly wisdom or informed judgment; especially: CREDULOUS 不懂世故的
  - SELF-TAUGHT, PRIMITIVE 自學的
- sophistication
  - a: the use of sophistry : sophistic reasoning b: SOPHISM, QUIBBLE 詭辯;謬論
  - the process of making impure or weak : ADULTERATION 攙假;竄改
  - the process or result of becoming cultured, knowledgeable, or disillusioned; especially: CULTIVATION, URBANITY 有教養;老於世故;老練
  - the process or result of becoming more complex, developed, or subtle (科技產品的)複雜;精密
fickle : affection = mercurial : mood (修飾對象)

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Lithe

/ laɪð /
li: (La) flexible
easily bent or flexed
characterized by easy flexibility and grace also: athletically slim
易彎的,柔軟的，輕盈優雅的
the strong lithe bodies of gymnasts
lithe (lissome, lithesome) <> awkward, ungainly
- lissome (/ ˈlɪsəm /) LITHE 易彎的,柔軟的，輕盈優雅的 NIMBLE 靈巧的
- lithesome = lissome
- ungainly (adj.) a: lacking in smoothness or dexterity: CLUMSY b: hard to handle: UNWIELDY 笨拙的 having an awkward appearance: UGLY 難看的;不雅的

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Eerie

/ ˈɪəri/
so mysterious, strange, or unexpected as to send a chill up the spine; also: seemingly not of earthly origin
WEIRD, EERIE, UNCANNY mean mysteriously strange or fantastic.
- WEIRD may imply an unearthly or supernatural strangeness or it may stress queerness or oddness weird creatures from another world
- EERIE suggests an uneasy or fearful consciousness that mysterious and malign powers are at work an eerie calm preceded the bombing raid
- UNCANNY implies disquieting strangeness or mysteriousness an uncanny resemblance between total strangers
神祕怪異而令人毛骨悚然的
the eerie sound of an owl hooting at night
<>: pleasant

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Oblique

/ əˈbliːk /
(n.) obliquity
li: 傾斜
a: neither perpendicular nor parallel: INCLINED b: having the axis not perpendicular to the base c: having no right angle
a: not straightforward: INDIRECT; also: OBSCURE b: DEVIOUS, UNDERHANDED
斜的;傾斜的，間接的;含糊不清的，不光明正大的
an oblique reference to his drinking problem
oblique : explanation = circuitous : route (修飾對象) (左邊是間接的右邊)
- circuitous (circu: circle，/ sɜːˈkjuːətəs/)
  - having a circular or winding course 繞行的 a circuitous route
  - not being forthright or direct in language or action 迂迴的語言或行為

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Opaque

/oʊˈpeɪk/
opa: 乳白色 => 光無法透過 => 無法清楚
exhibiting opacity : blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially light
a: hard to understand or explain b: OBTUSE, THICKHEADED
opacity
- the quality or state of a body that makes it impervious to the rays of light; broadly: the relative capacity of matter to obstruct the transmission of radiant energy 不透明
- a: obscurity of sense : UNINTELLIGIBLENESS 曖昧;難懂 b : the quality or state of being mentally obtuse : DULLNESS 愚鈍
- an opaque spot in a normally transparent structure (as the lens of the eye)

GRE 5 「難以理解」: cryptic, occult, abstruse, recondite, opaque

不透明的,不透光的，難理解的,晦澀的，愚鈍的,遲鈍的
an opaque style of writing
opaque, murky, nebulous, hazy <> diaphanous, limpid, transparent, pellucid
- murky (/ ˈmɜːki/)
  - characterized by a heavy dimness or obscurity caused by or like that caused by overhanging fog or smoke 煙霧瀰漫而模糊不清的
  - characterized by thickness and heaviness of air : FOGGY, MISTY 瀰漫的
  - darkly vague or obscure 暗而模糊的
- nebulous (/ ˈnebjuləs / ) of, relating to, or resembling a nebula : NEBULAR 星雲的 INDISTINCT, VAGUE 朦朧的;含糊的
  nebula (/ ˈnebjulə /) any of numerous clouds of gas or dust in interstellar space 星雲 GALAXY; especially: a galaxy other than the Milky Way galaxy 銀河
- diaphanous (di: 穿透 phan: 影子 (ex: phantom)，/ daɪˈæfənəs /)
  - characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit seeing through 透明的
  - characterized by extreme delicacy of form : ETHEREAL 精緻的
  - INSUBSTANTIAL, VAGUE 無實質的;形狀不明確的
- transparent (trans: cross)
  - having the property of transmitting light without appreciable scattering so that bodies lying beyond are seen clearly : PELLUCID 透明的
  - allowing the passage of a specified form of radiation (as X rays or ultraviolet light) 可讓輻射穿透的
  - fine or sheer enough to be seen through : DIAPHANOUS 一目了然的
  - free from pretense or deceit : FRANK 坦率的,光明正大的 easily detected or seen through : OBVIOUS 顯而易見的 readily understood 易懂的,明晰的
- pellucid (pel: per 完全 lucid: light, clear，/ pəˈluːsɪd /)
  - admitting maximum passage of light without diffusion or distortion 最大亮度沒有散射失真的
  - reflecting light evenly from all surfaces 從所有表面平均反射光線的
  - easy to understand 容易明白的
opaque : translucence = slack : tension (反面性質)
- translucence (trans: cross luce: light，/trænsˈluːsəns/) the quality or state of being translucent 半透明
  translucent (trans: cross luce: light，/trænsˈluːsənt/)
  - permitting the passage of light: a: CLEAR, TRANSPARENT 透明清澈的 b: transmitting and diffusing light so that objects beyond cannot be seen clearly 半透明的
  - free from disguise or falseness 清楚易懂的
    CLEAR, TRANSPARENT, TRANSLUCENT, LIMPID mean capable of being seen through.
    - CLEAR implies absence of cloudiness, haziness, or muddiness clear water
    - TRANSPARENT implies being so clear that objects can be seen distinctly a transparent sheet of film
    - TRANSLUCENT implies the passage of light but not a clear view of what lies beyond translucent frosted glass
    - LIMPID suggests the soft clearness of pure water her eyes were limpid pools of blue
- slack
  - not using due diligence, care, or dispatch : NEGLIGENT 懈怠的;疏忽的;馬虎的
  - characterized by slowness, sluggishness, or lack of energy 呆滯的,緩慢的 moderate in some quality; especially: moderately warm 適度溫暖的 blowing or flowing at low speed 微風的
  - not tight or taut 鬆弛的,不緊的;不嚴的 lacking in usual or normal firmness and steadiness : WEAK 不堅定的,軟弱的
  - wanting in activity : DULL 缺乏活動的;蕭條的
  - lacking in completeness, finish, or perfection 未完成的;馬虎的
    NEGLIGENT, NEGLECTFUL, LAX, SLACK, REMISS mean culpably careless or indicative of such carelessness.
    - NEGLIGENT implies inattention to one's duty or business negligent about writing a note of thanks
    - NEGLECTFUL adds a more disapproving implication of laziness or deliberate inattention a society callously neglectful of the poor
    - LAX implies a blameworthy lack of strictness, severity, or precision a reporter lax about accurate quotation
    - SLACK implies want of due or necessary diligence or care slack workmanship and slipshod construction
    - REMISS implies blameworthy carelessness shown in slackness, forgetfulness, or neglect had been remiss in her familial duties
- slake (slack 形似義異字) SATISFY, QUENCH 滿足;止渴 to cause (as lime) to heat and crumble by treatment with water: HYDRATE 使(石灰)熟化

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Terse

/ tɜːs/
smoothly elegant : POLISHED
devoid of superfluity; also: SHORT, BRUSQUE
CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.
- laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)
  using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的
- curt sparing of words: TERSE 簡明的 marked by rude or peremptory shortness : BRUSQUE 簡慢的;唐突草率的
(文筆等)精練的,簡練的，沒有額外多餘的
Derek's terse reply ended the conversation.
<>: verbose
terseness : superfluous = spontaneity : studied (反面性質)
- superfluous (super: over flu: flow => overflow，/ suːˈpɜːfluəs/)
  a: exceeding what is sufficient or necessary: EXTRA b: not needed : UNNECESSARY 多餘不必要的
- spontaneity (/ ˌspɒntˈniːəti/) the quality or state of being spontaneous 自發性 voluntary or undetermined action or movement; also: its source 自然發生
  spontaneous (/ spɒnˈteɪniəs/)
  - proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without external constraint 自然發生的
  - arising from a momentary impulse 瞬間衝動的
  - controlled and directed internally : SELF-ACTING 自發的;非出於強制的
  - produced without being planted or without human labor : INDIGENOUS 自生的,非人工栽培的
  - developing without apparent external influence, force, cause, or treatment 沒有明顯外力影響而發展的
  - not apparently contrived(人為的) or manipulated(操弄的) : NATURAL 自然的;沒有人為操弄的
- studied carefully considered or prepared : THOUGHTFUL 深思熟慮的; produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation : CALCULATED 有計劃的;故意的
  KNOWLEDGEABLE, LEARNED 精通的
aphoristic : terse = hyperbolic : exarggerated (正面性質)
- hyperbolic (hyper: over) of, relating to, or marked by hyperbole 誇張的
  hyperbole (hyper: over，/ haɪˈpɜːbəli/) extravagant exaggeration (as "mile-high ice-cream cones") 誇張的語句
- bombastic marked by or given to bombast : POMPOUS, OVERBLOWN 誇張的
  bombast (/ ˈbɒmbæst/) pretentious inflated speech or writing 誇耀的言論
- exaggerate
  - to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth: OVERSTATE 誇張,誇大;對...言過其實 I couldn't sleep for three days - I'm not exaggerating.
  - to enlarge or increase especially beyond the normal : OVEREMPHASIZE 使增大,使擴大;使過大

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Bizarre

/ bɪˈzɑːr/
小說人物名，造型奇特
strikingly out of the ordinary: as a: odd, extravagant, or eccentric in style or mode b: involving sensational contrasts or incongruities
FANTASTIC, BIZARRE, GROTESQUE mean conceived, made, or carried out without adherence to truth or reality.
- FANTASTIC may connote unrestrained extravagance in conception or merely ingenuity of decorative invention dreamed up fantastic rumors to spread
- BIZARRE applies to the sensationally queer or strange and implies violence of contrast or incongruity of combination
  a bizarre medieval castle built in the heart of a modern city
- GROTESQUE may apply to what is conventionally ugly but artistically effective or it may connote ludicrous awkwardness or incongruity often with sinister or tragic overtones
  grotesque statues adorn the cathedral，though grief-stricken, she made a grotesque attempt at a smile
奇異的;感覺對比不協調的
a bizarre coincidence

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Macabre

/ məˈkɑːbrə/
Dance of Death
having death as a subject : comprising or including a personalized representation of death
dwelling on the gruesome(可怕的;陰森的)
tending to produce horror in a beholder
GHASTLY, GRISLY, GRUESOME, MACABRE, LURID mean horrifying and repellent in appearance or aspect.
- GHASTLY suggests the terrifying aspects of corpses and ghosts a ghastly accident
- GRISLY and GRUESOME suggest additionally the results of extreme violence or cruelty an unusually grisly murder，the gruesome history of the Nazi death camps
- MACABRE implies a morbid preoccupation with the physical aspects of death a macabre tale of premature burial
- LURID adds to GRUESOME the suggestion of shuddering fascination with violent death and especially with murder the lurid details of a crime
可怕的;恐怖的;令人想起骷髏舞的，關於死亡的
These drawings of the dead are moving rather than macabre.

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Mediocre

/ ˌmiːdiˈoʊkər/
medi: middle
of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance : ORDINARY, SO-SO
中等的;平凡的
I thought the book was pretty mediocre.
mediocre <> extraordinary
mediocrity <> virtuosity

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Belated

/ bɪˈleɪtɪd /
be，late
delayed beyond the usual time
existing or appearing past the normal or proper time
誤期的;遲來的
a belated attempt to increase support
The statement was a belated acknowledgement that the project had not been a success.
<>: on time, in time

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Ciliated

/ˈsɪlˌeɪtɪd
possessing cilia
cilia (/ˈsɪlɪə/) a minute short hairlike process often forming part of a fringe 纖毛 EYELASH 睫毛
有纖毛的
<>: hairless, bald

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Disinterested

/ dɪsˈɪntrɪstɪd /
dis: not interest
a: not having the mind or feelings engaged : not interested b: no longer interested
free from selfish motive or interest : UNBIASED
- unbiased (un: not bias，/ ʌnˈbaɪəst /)
  - free from bias; especially: free from all prejudice and favoritism: eminently fair 無偏見的;不偏不倚的;公正的
  - having an expected value equal to a population parameter being estimated 符合大眾期待的
    FAIR, JUST, EQUITABLE, IMPARTIAL, UNBIASED, DISPASSIONATE, OBJECTIVE mean free from favor toward either or any side.
    - FAIR implies an elimination of one's own feelings, prejudices, and desires so as to achieve a proper balance of conflicting interests a fair decision
    - JUST implies an exact following of a standard of what is right and proper a just settlement of territorial claims
    - EQUITABLE implies a less rigorous standard than JUST and usually suggests equal treatment of all concerned the equitable distribution of the property
    - IMPARTIAL stresses an absence of favor or prejudice an impartial third party
    - UNBIASED implies even more strongly an absence of all prejudice your unbiased opinion
    - DISPASSIONATE suggests freedom from the influence of strong feeling and often implies cool or even cold judgment a dispassionate summation of the facts
    - OBJECTIVE stresses a tendency to view events or persons as apart from oneself and one's own interest or feelings I can't be objective about my own child
- evenhanded (even: 平 hand => 雙手伸平 => 公平) FAIR, IMPARTIAL 公平的
- dispassionate (dis: not passionate) not influenced by strong feeling; especially: not affected by personal or emotional involvement 不被感情影響的;公平的
- INDIFFERENT, UNCONCERNED, INCURIOUS, ALOOF, DETACHED, DISINTERESTED mean not showing or feeling interest.
  - INDIFFERENT implies neutrality of attitude from lack of inclination, preference, or prejudice indifferent to the dictates of fashion
  - UNCONCERNED suggests a lack of sensitivity or regard for others' needs or troubles unconcerned about the homeless
  - INCURIOUS implies an inability to take a normal interest due to dullness of mind or to self-centeredness incurious about the world
  - ALOOF suggests a cool reserve arising from a sense of superiority or disdain for inferiors or from shyness aloof from his coworkers
  - DETACHED implies an objective attitude achieved through absence of prejudice or selfishness observed family gatherings with detached amusement
  - DISINTERESTED implies a circumstantial freedom from concern for personal or especially financial advantage that enables one to judge or advise without bias
    judged by a panel of disinterested observers
不感興趣的;不關心的;冷漠的，無私的;公正的
A lawyer should provide disinterested advice.
disinterested <> factional, tendentious
- factional 派別的;造成派系分裂的
  faction
  - a party or group (as within a government) that is often contentious or self-seeking : CLIQUE (政黨,組織等內部的)派別,宗派;小集團
  - party spirit especially when marked by dissension 派系之爭,內訌
- tendentious (tend / tenˈdenʆəs /) marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view : BIASED 有偏見的,傾向性的
disinterestedness <> inequity (in: not equ: equal，/ ɪnˈekwəti/) INJUSTICE, UNFAIRNESS 不公平
rectitude <> iniquity
- rectitude (rect: 正，/ ˈrektətjuːd/)
  the quality or state of being straight 筆直 moral integrity: RIGHTEOUSNESS 正直;公正 the quality or state of being correct in judgment or procedure 正確
- iniquity (/ ɪˈnɪkwəti /) gross injustice : WICKEDNESS 極度的不公正;邪惡,罪惡 a wicked act or thing: SIN 不公正行為;惡劣行為;罪惡行徑
venal : probity = disinterested : partisanship (反面性質)
- partisanship (parti: party 黨，partisan (黨派等的)強硬支持者 => 偏袒)
  a firm adherent to a party, faction, cause, or person; especially: one exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegiance 黨派偏見

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Disjointed

/ dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd /
dis: not joint: 接合;聯合
a: being thrown out of orderly function b: lacking coherence or orderly sequence
separated at or as if at the joint(關節)
無條理的，無關聯的，脫臼的
disjointed fragments of information
<>: orderly
- (1): arranged or disposed in some order or pattern: REGULAR 規律的 orderly rows of houses (2): not marked by disorder : TIDY 整齊不亂的 keeps an orderly desk
- governed by law: REGULATED 有秩序的 an orderly universe
- METHODICAL 有條理的;秩序井然的，辦事有條不紊的;講究方法的
- well behaved : PEACEFUL 守秩序的;和平的
banal : originality = disjointed : coherence (缺乏類比)
- coherence (co: together here: 結合) 統一;連貫性;黏著;凝聚
  - the quality or state of cohering: as a: systematic or logical connection or consistency b: integration of diverse elements, relationships, or values
  - the property of being coherent
- cohere (/koʊˈhɪr /)
  - a: to hold together firmly as parts of the same mass; broadly: STICK, ADHERE b: to display cohesion of plant parts 黏合,附著
  - to hold together as a mass of parts that cohere 凝聚
  - a: to become united in principles, relationships, or interests b: to be logically or aesthetically consistent (理論等)前後一致,有條理,連貫
- coherent
  - a: logically or aesthetically ordered or integrated : CONSISTENT 一致的,協調的 b: having clarity or intelligibility : UNDERSTANDABLE 條理清楚的
  - having the quality of cohering; especially: COHESIVE, COORDINATED
  - a: relating to or composed of waves having a constant difference in phase b: producing coherent light

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Dispirited

/ dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd /
dis: not spirit
dispirit (/ dɪˈspɪrɪt/) to deprive of morale or enthusiasm 使氣餒;使沮喪
- hangdog (hang: 垂頭 dog => 敗家之犬 => 沮喪，/ ˈhæŋdɒg/) SAD, DEJECTED 悲傷沮喪的 SHEEPISH 懦弱的;羞怯的 (n.) a despicable or miserable person 可鄙之人
氣餒沮喪的
At last, dispirited and weary, they gave up the search.
<>: buoyant, sprightly
- buoyant (/ ˈbɔɪənt/)
  having buoyancy: as a: capable of floating 有浮力的;能浮起的 b: CHEERFUL, GAY 心情愉快的;活潑的 c: capable of recovering : having positive indications 趨於正向的
  buoyancy (/ ˈbɔɪənsi/)
  - a: the tendency of a body to float or to rise when submerged in a fluid b: the power of a fluid to exert an upward force on a body placed in it; also: the upward force exerted 浮力,浮性，漲風;上漲行情;增長趨勢
  - the ability to recover quickly from depression or discouragement : RESILIENCE 快速從失望沮喪中恢復的能力
- sprightly (spring + bright，/ ˈspraɪtli /) marked by a gay lightness and vivacity : SPIRITED 生氣勃勃的;活潑的;輕快的
  LIVELY, ANIMATED, VIVACIOUS, SPRIGHTLY, GAY mean keenly alive and spirited.
  - LIVELY suggests briskness, alertness, or energy a lively debate on the issues
  - ANIMATED applies to what is spirited and active an animated discussion of current events
  - VIVACIOUS suggests an activeness of gesture and wit, often playful or alluring a vivacious party host
  - SPRIGHTLY suggests lightness and spirited vigor of manner or wit a tuneful, sprightly musical
  - GAY stresses complete freedom from care and overflowing spirits the gay spirit of Paris in the 1920s

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Emaciated

/ ɪˈmeɪsieɪtɪd/
emaciate (/ ɪˈmeɪʆieɪt/) to cause to lose flesh so as to become very thin 使消瘦 to make feeble 使衰弱,使憔悴
- svelte (/ svelt /) a: SLENDER, LITHE 身材細長的,苗條的;柔軟的 b: having clean lines : SLEEK 線條清晰的 URBANE, SUAVE 和藹的
消瘦的;憔悴的;衰弱的
The prisoners were ill and emaciated.
<>: obese, corpulent, plump, rotund
- corpulent (corp: body，/ ˈkɔːtpjulənt/) having a large bulky body : OBESE 肥胖的
- plump having a full rounded usually pleasing form 豐滿的;胖嘟嘟的 AMPLE, ABUNDANT豐富的
- rotund (rot: rotate => 圓形，tund: 發音近似台語「桶」=> 圓桶 => 水桶腰 /roʊˈtʌnd/)
  marked by roundness : ROUNDED 圓的; marked by fullness of sound or cadence : OROTUND, SONOROUS 渾圓洪亮的 notably plump : CHUBBY 圓胖的
firm : obdurate, obstinate = thin : emaciated (程度類比)(左邊小於右邊)
- obdurate (ob: toward dur: hard，/ ˈɒbdjərɪt/)
  stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing 頑固的 hardened in feelings 冷酷的 resistant to persuasion or softening influences 抗拒說服或軟化影響的
  INFLEXIBLE, OBDURATE, ADAMANT mean unwilling to alter a predetermined course or purpose.
  - INFLEXIBLE implies rigid adherence or even slavish conformity to principle inflexible in their demands
  - OBDURATE stresses hardness of heart and insensitivity to appeals for mercy or the influence of divine grace obdurate in his refusal to grant clemency
  - ADAMANT implies utter immovability in the face of all temptation or entreaty adamant that the work should continue
- obstinate (/ ˈɒbstɪnət/)
  - perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion 頑固的,固執的
  - not easily subdued, remedied, or removed 頑強的,不屈服的，(疾病等)難治的;難以控制的
    OBSTINATE, DOGGED, STUBBORN, PERTINACIOUS, MULISH mean fixed and unyielding in course or purpose.
    - OBSTINATE implies usually an unreasonable persistence an obstinate proponent of conspiracy theories
    - DOGGED suggests an admirable often tenacious and unwavering persistence pursued the story with dogged perseverance
    - STUBBORN implies sturdiness in resisting change which may or may not be admirable a person too stubborn to admit error
    - PERTINACIOUS suggests an annoying or irksome persistence a pertinacious salesclerk refusing to take no for an answer
    - MULISH implies a thoroughly unreasonable obstinacy a mulish determination to have his own way

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Estranged

/ ɪˈstreɪndʒd /
e: make strange
estrange (/ ɪˈstreɪndʒ/)
- to remove from customary environment or associations 離開慣常環境
- to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness : ALIENATE 使疏遠;使感情失和
  ESTRANGE, ALIENATE, DISAFFECT mean to cause one to break a bond of affection or loyalty.
  - ESTRANGE implies the development of indifference or hostility with consequent separation or divorcement his estranged wife
  - ALIENATE may or may not suggest separation but always implies loss of affection or interest managed to alienate all his coworkers
  - DISAFFECT refers especially to those from whom loyalty is expected and stresses the effects (as rebellion or discontent) of alienation without actual separation
    conservatives were disaffected by the new tax
疏遠的;分居的
Mill became estranged from his family after the marriage.
estrangement <> rapprochment, reconciliation
- raaprochment (/ˌræproʊʆˈmɑːŋ /) establishment of or state of having cordial relations 【法】(國家之間)友善關係的建立;恢復邦交;友好
- reconciliation (concil: conciliate: 使和好) the action of reconciling : the state of being reconciled 和解,和好;調解,調停
  reconcile (/ ˈrekənsaɪl /)
  - a : to restore to friendship or harmony 使和好;使和諧 reconciled the factions b: SETTLE, RESOLVE 調停,調解
  - to make consistent or congruous 調和;使一致
  - to cause to submit to or accept something unpleasant 使安於,使甘心於
  - a : to check (a financial account) against another for accuracy 檢查 b : to account for 對 ... 負責
    ADAPT, ADJUST, ACCOMMODATE, CONFORM, RECONCILE mean to bring one thing into correspondence with another.
    - ADAPT implies a modification according to changing circumstances adapted themselves to the warmer climate
    - ADJUST suggests bringing into a close and exact correspondence or harmony such as exists between parts of a mechanism adjusted the budget to allow for inflation
    - ACCOMMODATE may suggest yielding or compromising to effect a correspondence accommodated his political beliefs in order to win
    - CONFORM applies to bringing into accordance with a pattern, example, or principle refused to conform to society's idea of morality
    - RECONCILE implies the demonstration of the underlying compatibility of things that seem to be incompatible tried to reconcile what they said with what I knew
reprisal <> rapprochment
estrange <> reunite

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Fancied

/ ˈfænsid /
fancy (v.)
- to have a fancy for : LIKE 喜愛
- to form a conception of : IMAGINE 想像
- a: to believe mistakenly or without evidence b: to believe without being certain 就是相信
- to visualize or interpret as 視為;解釋為
  THINK, CONCEIVE, IMAGINE, FANCY, REALIZE, ENVISAGE, ENVISION mean to form an idea of.
  - THINK implies the entrance of an idea into one's mind with or without deliberate consideration or reflection I just thought of a good joke
  - CONCEIVE suggests the forming and bringing forth and usually developing of an idea, plan, or design conceived of a new marketing approach
  - IMAGINE stresses a visualization imagine you're at the beach
  - FANCY suggests an imagining often unrestrained by reality but spurred by desires fancied himself a super athlete
  - REALIZE stresses a grasping of the significance of what is conceived or imagined realized the enormity of the task ahead
  - ENVISAGE and ENVISION imply a conceiving or imagining that is especially clear or detailed
    envisaged a totally computerized operation，envisioned a cure for the disease
想像出來的，受喜愛的

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Frenzied

/ ˈfrenzid /
fren: free => 太過自由 => 狂暴
marked by frenzy
- frenetic, frantic
frenzy (fren: free => 太過自由 => 狂暴，/ ˈfrenzi /)
- (n.) a : a temporary madness (暫時的)瘋狂;狂怒;狂熱 b : a violent mental or emotional agitation 極度的激動
- (n.) intense usually wild and often disorderly compulsive or agitated activity 極度的瘋狂激動
- (v.) to affect with frenzy 使發狂;使狂怒
狂亂的;瘋狂(似)的
frenzied efforts to find a solution
convulsion : contraction = frenzy : emotion (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)
- convulsion (/ kənˈvʌlʆən /)
  - an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the muscles 抽搐
  - a : a violent disturbance 強烈騷動 b : an uncontrolled fit : PAROXYSM 發作;爆發
frenzy : calmness = abandon : inhibition (反義類比)
- calmness (calmn) 平靜，冷靜;沈著
- abandon
  - (n.) a thorough yielding to natural impulses; especially: ENTHUSIASM, EXUBERANCE 放縱,放任;狂放
  - (v.) to give up to the control or influence of another person or agent 放棄,中止 to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly 使放縱;使聽任

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Garbled

/ ˈgɑːrbəld/
garble to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or change the meaning 對...斷章取義;任意竄改;曲解
被斷章取義的;被曲解的;被竄改的
The papers had some garbled version of the story.
<>: not altered, not distorted
garbled : comprehend = obscured : recognize (反面性質) (左邊使得難以右邊)

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Hackneyed

/ ˈhæknid /
hack: hag 老馬
a: to make common or frequent use of b: to make trite, vulgar, or commonplace
TRITE, HACKNEYED, STEREOTYPED, THREADBARE mean lacking the freshness that evokes attention or interest.
- TRITE applies to a once effective phrase or idea spoiled from long familiarity "you win some, you lose some" is a trite expression
- HACKNEYED stresses being worn out by overuse so as to become dull and meaningless all of the metaphors and images in the poem are hackneyed
- STEREOTYPED implies falling invariably into the same pattern or form views of minorities that are stereotyped and out-of-date
- THREADBARE applies to what has been used until its possibilities of interest have been totally exhausted a mystery novel with a threadbare plot
- 其他同義字見 trite
陳腐的;平庸的
All those slogans we used to chant sound so hackneyed now.
trite, hackneyed : original = windy : concise (反義類比)
- windy
  - a(1): WINDSWEPT 被風吹掃的 (2): marked by strong wind or by more wind than usual 風大的;多風的 b: VIOLENT, STORMY 激烈的
  - FLATULENT 誇誇其談的;空談的;氣脹的
  - a: VERBOSE, BOMBASTIC 冗言的;誇張的 b: lacking substance : EMPTY 沒有實質東西的
- concise marked by brevity of expression or statement : free from all elaboration and superfluous detail 簡明的,簡潔的; cut short : BRIEF 簡要的
  CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.
equivocation : misleading, ambiguous = bromide : hackneyed = platitude : banal = bombast : pompous = epigram : wise = tirade : critical = paradox : contradictory
(正面性質)(左邊是右邊性質的言論)
- equivocation (equi: equal, voc: voice 相似的聲音 => 模稜兩可 / ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʆən/) to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive 用模稜兩可的話;含糊其辭
- bromide (/ˈbroʊmaɪd/) a: a commonplace or tiresome person: BORE 陳腐庸俗的人 b: a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion 陳腐庸俗的話
- bombast (/ ˈbɒmbæst/) pretentious inflated speech or writing 誇耀的言論
- pompous (/ ˈpɒmpəs/)
  - excessively elevated or ornate 壯麗的;豪華的;盛大的
  - having or exhibiting self-importance : ARROGANT 愛炫耀的;浮誇的;自負的
  - relating to or suggestive of pomp : MAGNIFICENT 浮華的
- epigram (epi: upon gram: words (ex: telegram (tele: far away))，/ ˈepəgræm /) 警句,雋語;機智的短詩;諷刺短詩
  - a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought
  - a terse, sage, or witty and often paradoxical saying

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Hallowed

/ ˈhæloʊd /
hall: holy
HOLY, CONSECRATED(神聖的)
SACRED (神的,宗教的,神聖的), REVERED(敬神的)
神聖的
The bones will be buried in hallowed ground.
<>: unholy, desecrated
- desecrated (/ ˈdesɪkreɪtɪd /) 褻瀆神的
  desecrate (/ ˈdesɪkreɪt/) to violate the sanctity of : PROFANE 褻瀆神 to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously 褻瀆
sacrialege (/ ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ /)
- a technical and not necessarily intrinsically outrageous violation (as improper reception of a sacrament) of what is sacred because consecrated to God 悖理逆天的行為
- gross irreverence toward a hallowed person, place, or thing 褻瀆神聖人地物

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Inflated

/ ɪnˈfleɪtɪd /
elaborated or heightened by artificial or empty means
distended with air or gas
expanded to an abnormal or unjustifiable volume or level
being hollow and enlarged or distended
inflate (/ ɪnˈfleɪt) to swell or distend with air or gas 使充氣;使膨脹 to puff up : ELATE 使驕傲 to expand or increase abnormally or imprudently 使魯莽或不正常地擴張增加通貨膨脹
EXPAND, AMPLIFY, SWELL, DISTEND, INFLATE, DILATE mean to increase in size or volume.
- EXPAND may apply whether the increase comes from within or without and regardless of manner (as growth, unfolding, addition of parts).
- AMPLIFY implies the extension or enlargement of something inadequate.
- SWELL implies gradual expansion beyond a thing's original or normal limits.
- DISTEND implies outward extension caused by pressure from within.
- INFLATE implies expanding by introduction of air or something insubstantial and suggests a resulting vulnerability and liability to sudden collapse.
- DILATE applies especially to expansion of circumference.
浮誇的，充滿氣體的，擴張到不合理的程度，中空地擴大的
He has a very inflated opinion of himself.
inflate <> minimize
deflate <> distend
- deflate (de: not) to release air or gas from 洩氣,釋放氣體 to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness 減少大小重要性有效性
  to reduce (a price level) or cause (a volume of credit) to contract 緊縮(通貨)
- distend EXTEND，to enlarge from internal pressure : SWELL 使膨脹;使擴張 (同義字見上)
puncture : deflated = jar : unsettled (動作結果)
- puncture to pierce with or as if with a pointed instrument or object 刺,穿刺 to make useless or ineffective as if by a puncture : DEFLATE 使無用(像洩氣般)
- deflate (de: not) to release air or gas from 洩氣,釋放氣體 to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness 減少大小重要性有效性
  to reduce (a price level) or cause (a volume of credit) to contract 緊縮(通貨)
- jar (v.)
  - a: to make a harsh or discordant sound 發出刺耳的聲音; b: to have a harshly disagreeable or disconcerting effect 使人產生不愉快的感覺
    c: to be out of harmony; specifically: BICKER 不一致,不和諧;衝突
  - to undergo severe vibration 使歷經嚴重震盪
- unsettled 不穩定的;動蕩的;易變的，未定居的,無居民的，未解決的;不定的;懷疑的，未付清的,未清算的

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Inured

/ɪˈnjʊrd /
inure (/ɪˈnjʊr/) to accustom to accept something undesirable
GRE 3 「習慣」 (adj.)
- wont (/wɒːnt /) ACCUSTOMED, USED 慣常於,慣於 INCLINED, APT 傾向於 (亦可當 v.、n.)
- inveterate (n.: inveteracy)
- inured 習慣的 (v.) inure (/ɪˈnjʊr /) to accustom to accept something undesirable 習慣原本不喜歡的
習慣於接受本來不想要的
inured : tolerance = addicted : dependency (同義類比)(都轉為 adj. 來看)

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Jaundiced

/ˈdʒɒːndɪst/
jaune: (fr.) yellow
affected with or as if with jaundice
exhibiting or influenced by envy, distaste, or hostility
jaundice (jaune: (fr.) yellow，/ˈdʒɒːndɪs/)
- yellowish pigmentation of the skin, tissues, and body fluids caused by the deposition of bile pigments 黃疸
  a disease or abnormal condition characterized by jaundice 黃疸症
- a state or attitude characterized by satiety, distaste, or hostility 偏見;嫉妒
患黃疸病(似)的，因嫉妒等而有偏見的
He has a very jaundiced view of the world.
She viewed politics and politicians with a jaundiced eye (=in a jaundiced way).
jaundiced <> impartial, unbiased
- impartial (im: not partial) not partial or biased : treating or affecting all equally 不偏不倚的,公正的,無偏見的
- unbiased (un: not bias，/ ʌnˈbaɪəst /)
  - free from bias; especially: free from all prejudice and favoritism: eminently fair 無偏見的;不偏不倚的;公正的
  - having an expected value equal to a population parameter being estimated 符合大眾期待的
- FAIR, JUST, EQUITABLE, IMPARTIAL, UNBIASED, DISPASSIONATE, OBJECTIVE mean free from favor toward either or any side.
  - FAIR implies an elimination of one's own feelings, prejudices, and desires so as to achieve a proper balance of conflicting interests a fair decision
  - JUST implies an exact following of a standard of what is right and proper a just settlement of territorial claims
  - EQUITABLE implies a less rigorous standard than JUST and usually suggests equal treatment of all concerned the equitable distribution of the property
  - IMPARTIAL stresses an absence of favor or prejudice an impartial third party
  - UNBIASED implies even more strongly an absence of all prejudice your unbiased opinion
  - DISPASSIONATE suggests freedom from the influence of strong feeling and often implies cool or even cold judgment a dispassionate summation of the facts
  - OBJECTIVE stresses a tendency to view events or persons as apart from oneself and one's own interest or feelings I can't be objective about my own child
- 更多「公正、無偏見」可見 disinterested
jaundice <> dispose favorably
- dispose to give a tendency to : INCLINE 使傾向於,使有意於 to put in place : set in readiness : ARRANGE 配置,佈置
- favorable
  - disposed to favor : PARTIAL 偏袒的 expressing approval : COMMENDATORY 讚賞的 giving a result that is in one's favor 給有利結果的 AFFIRMATIVE 肯定的
  - winning approval : PLEASING 討人喜歡的
  - tending to promote or facilitate : ADVANTAGEOUS 有利的 marked by success 順利成功的

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Jaded

/ ˈdʒeɪdɪd /
jade: 玉
fatigued by overwork : EXHAUSTED
dulled by experience or by surfeit
jade (v.) a: to wear out by overwork or abuse b: to tire or dull through repetition or excess 使疲倦不堪;使厭倦
疲倦不堪的，厭倦的
The concert should satisfy even the most jaded critic.
<>: keen 熱心的,熱衷的,深切的，渴望的,極想的，敏銳的,敏捷的，鋒利的,銳利的，激烈的;強烈的;尖刻的
vaccination : immune = overexposure : jaded (左邊導致右邊)
- vaccination (/ ˌvæksəˈneɪʆən /) the act of vaccinating 種痘;接種 the scar left by vaccinating 牛痘疤
  vaccinate (/ ˈvæksəneɪt /) to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in order to produce immunity to smallpox 種牛痘;注射疫苗 to administer a vaccine to usually by injection 接種疫苗
  vaccine (亦可當 adj.，/ ˈvæksiːn/) matter or a preparation containing the virus of cowpox in a form used for vaccination 疫苗
- overexposure (over，exposure) to expose excessively; especially : to expose (as film) to excessive radiation (as light) 過度曝光

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Rarefied

/ ˈrerəfaɪd/
rare
of, relating to, or interesting to a select group : ESOTERIC
very high
rarefy to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense : to expand without the addition of matter 使變稀薄 to make more spiritual, refined, or abstruse 使精細;精選(使難懂)
變精細的;精選的，秘傳的，限於圈內人的，變稀薄的
the rarefied atmosphere of academia
rarefy <> condense, make denser, concentrate
- condense to make denser or more compact; especially: to subject to condensation(凝結)
  CONTRACT, SHRINK, CONDENSE, COMPRESS, CONSTRICT, DEFLATE mean to decrease in bulk or volume.
  - CONTRACT applies to a drawing together of surfaces or particles or a reduction of area or length caused her muscles to contract
  - SHRINK implies a contracting or a loss of material and stresses a falling short of original dimensions the sweater will shrink when washed
  - CONDENSE implies a reducing of something homogeneous to greater compactness without significant loss of content condense the essay into a paragraph
  - COMPRESS implies a pressing into a small compass and definite shape usually against resistance compressed cotton into bales
  - CONSTRICT implies a tightening that reduces diameter the throat is constricted by a tight collar
  - DEFLATE implies a contracting by reducing the internal pressure of contained air or gas deflate the balloon
rare <> ordinary <> pedestrian
- rare marked by wide separation of component particles : THIN 稀薄的,稀疏的 marked by unusual quality, merit, or appeal : DISTINCTIVE 稀有的,珍貴的
  superlative or extreme of its kind 非常好的,極度的 seldom occurring or found : UNCOMMON 稀有的,罕見的
- pedestrian (ped: feet => 行人 => 路人 => 平凡，/ pəˈdestriən /)
  - COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE (文章等)平淡的,沈悶的;(人)缺乏想像力的;平庸的
  - a : going or performed on foot 徒步的,步行的 b : of, relating to, or designed for walking 行人的,人行的