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Serrated Striated Tainted Vaunted Wizened Astringent Cogent Contingent Ebullient Evanescent Incipient Inclement Indigent Indulgent Insolent Insurgent Latent Lambent Munificent Nutrient Patent Pertinent Pungent Provident Redolent Refulgent Resplendent Salient Sapient Strident Stringent Succulent Truculent Vehement Virulent Baleful Baneful Bountiful Doleful Fanciful Rueful Bombastic Ascetic Aromatic Acetic Catholic Caustic Chaotic Cryptic Dogmatic Encomiastic Esoteric Fantastic Frantic Frenetic Laconic Lethargic Nomadic Phlegmatic Politic Prolific Prosaic Quxitoic Spasmodic Splenetic Sporadic Sycophantic Titanic Toxic Vitriolic Bantering Carping Discerning Fawning Flagging Fledgling Grueling Ravening Foppish Lavish Modish Skittish Waggish Bootless Dauntless Word

Serrated

• / səˈreɪtɪd
• serr: saw => 鋸齒狀
• serrate (/ səˈreɪt/)
  • (adj.) notched or toothed on the edge; specifically: having marginal teeth pointing forward or toward the apex 鋸齒狀的;有鋸齒的
  • (v.) to mark or make with serrations 使呈鋸齒狀
• 鋸齒狀的;有鋸齒的
• Use a knife with a serrated edge.
• <>: without notches, smooth
  • notch (/ nɒtʆ /)
    • (n.) a V-shaped indentation V-型凹口 a slit made to serve as a record 記錄用刻痕 a rounded indentation cut into the pages of a book on the edge opposite the spine
    • (n.) a deep close pass : GAP (深又狹長的)峽谷,山峽 DEGREE, STEP 等,級
    • (v.) to cut or make a notch in 在...上刻凹痕 to mark or record by a notch 刻痕記(數等) SCORE, ACHIEVE 贏得

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Striated

• /ˈstraɪeɪtɪd /
• striat: groove 溝紋
• marked with striations or stria

  stria (/ˈstraɪə/) a stripe(條紋) or line (as in the skin) distinguished from the surrounding area by color, texture, or elevation 條紋;條痕

  striate (/ˈstraɪeɪt/) to mark with striations or striae 使有條紋

• 有條紋的
• striated : grooves, bands = braided : strands = dappled, stippled, mottled, speckled : dots, spots (性質類比) (左邊具右邊)
  • groove (/ gruːv /)
    • a long narrow channel or depression 溝;槽;(車)轍;(唱片)紋(道)
    • a : a fixed routine : RUT 常規;習慣;老一套 b : a situation suited to one's abilities or interests : NICHE 合適的職位(或地位)
    • top form
    • the middle of the strike zone in baseball where a pitch is most easily hit 好球帶
    • an enjoyable or exciting experience 快活(或令人興奮)的經歷
    • a pronounced enjoyable rhythm 愉快的旋律
    • (v.) a : to make a groove in 在...上開出溝 b : to join by a groove 用溝(或槽等)連接
    • (v.) to perfect by repeated practice 透過反覆練習使甄完美
    • (v.) to throw (a pitch) in the groove 丟進好球帶
  • bands 條紋;嵌條;帶;波段,頻帶
  • braided (braid: a length of braided hair 辮子，/ breɪdɪd/)
    • a : made by intertwining three or more strands 編辮子的 b : ornamented with braid 有飾帶鑲綴的
    • forming an interlacing network of channels 形成交織網路脈絡的
  • strands
    • the land bordering a body of water : SHORE, BEACH 海濱,海灘;河岸;湖濱 (v. => 擱淺;處於困境)
    • (繩、線等的)股;縷;絞;線;繩;串
  • dappled marked with small spots or patches contrasting with the background 斑紋的;花的

    dapple (n.) any of numerous usually cloudy and rounded spots or patches of a color or shade different from their background 斑點,花斑 (亦可當 v.)

  • stippled 上面有點畫的;點刻過的

    stipple

    • (n.) production of gradation of light and shade in graphic art by stippling small points, larger dots, or longer strokes; also: an effect produced in this way 點畫;點彩
    • (v.) to engrave by means of dots and flicks (雕刻時)點刻
    • (v.) to make by small short touches (as of paint or ink) that together produce an even or softly graded shadow (繪畫時)點畫,點彩畫出
  • mottled 雜色的;斑駁的;斑點的

    mottle

    • (v.) to mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades of color as if stained 使呈雜色,使顯得斑駁陸離
    • (n.) a colored spot 斑點; a surface having colored spots or blotches 有斑點的表面 the arrangement of such spots or blotches on a surface 斑駁
  • speckled 有斑點的

    speckle a little speck(斑點;污跡) (as of color) 斑點;污跡 to mark with speckles 使弄上斑點;玷污 to be distributed in or on like speckles 散佈,點綴

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Tainted

• / ˈteɪntɪd/
• tint: 染色
• taint to contaminate morally: CORRUPT 使腐壞 to affect with putrefaction: SPOIL 敗壞 to touch or affect slightly with something bad 沾染

  (n.) a contaminating mark or influence 腐壞,污染;感染;玷污,污點

  CONTAMINATE, TAINT, POLLUTE, DEFILE mean to make impure or unclean.

  • CONTAMINATE implies intrusion of or contact with dirt or foulness from an outside source water contaminated by industrial wastes
  • TAINT stresses the loss of purity or cleanliness that follows contamination tainted meat，a politician's tainted reputation
  • POLLUTE, sometimes interchangeable with contaminate, distinctively may imply that the process which begins with contamination

    is complete and that what was pure or clean has been made foul, poisoned, or filthy the polluted waters of the river

  • DEFILE implies befouling of what could or should have been kept clean and pure or held sacred and commonly suggests violation or desecration defile a hero's memory with slanderous innuendo
• 污染的;感染的;腐敗的
• a tainted blood supply
• tainted <> unspoiled, wholesome
  • unspoiled 未損壞的;未受破壞的;未寵壞的

    spoil (亦可當 n.)

    • PILLAGE, ROB 搶劫,掠奪
    • to damage seriously: RUIN 損壞 to impair the quality or effect of 搞糟
    • to impair the disposition or character of by overindulgence or excessive praise 寵壞,溺愛 to pamper excessively : CODDLE 太過嬌養
  • wholesome (whole)
    • promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit 有益於身心健康的 promoting health of body 有益健康的
    • sound in body, mind, or morals 健康的;強健的;生氣勃勃的 having the simple health or vigor of normal domesticity
    • based on well-grounded fear : PRUDENT 審慎的 SAFE 安全的

      HEALTHFUL, WHOLESOME, SALUBRIOUS, SALUTARY mean favorable to the health of mind or body.

      HEALTHY, SOUND, WHOLESOME, ROBUST, HALE, WELL mean enjoying or indicative of good health.

• pristine <> tainted
• taint <> integrity, purity

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Vaunted

• / ˈvɔːntɪd/
• highly or widely praised or boasted about

  vaunt (vacuum: 真空 => 肚子空空還吹噓，/ ˈvɔːnt/)

  • to make a vain display of one's own worth or attainments : BRAG 誇張;吹噓

    (n.) a vainglorious display of what one is or has or has done，a bragging assertive statement 誇張;吹噓

    BOAST, BRAG, VAUNT, CROW mean to express pride in oneself or one's accomplishments.

  • brag (n. braggadocio)
• 經過吹噓的;自吹自擂的
• There's little sign that the much-vaunted IT investment is pulling France out of recession.
• <>: deprecate

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Wizened

• / ˈwɪzənd /
• wi: wither 枯萎;凋謝 (wi: 想成「萎」之音)
• wizen to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of aging or of failing vitality (因為年老或失去活力而)起皺;乾癟
• (因為年老或失去活力而)乾枯的;乾癟的
• He barely recognized her wizened face and haggard features.
• wizen <> rejuvenate
  • rejuvenate (re: again juven: juvenile 少年的;年輕的，/ rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt /)
    • to make young or youthful again: give new vigor to 使再度年輕 to restore to an original or new state 使恢復原本狀態
    • to stimulate (a stream) to renewed erosive activity especially by uplift 重振 to develop youthful features of topography in

      RENEW, RESTORE, REFRESH, RENOVATE, REJUVENATE mean to make like new.

• wizened <> thriving, blooming
  • thriving characterized by success or prosperity 繁榮的;成功的

    thrive to grow vigorously : FLOURISH 興旺;茂盛 to gain in wealth or possessions: PROSPER 繁榮 to progress toward or realize a goal 向目標前進;實現目標

  • blooming 興旺的,繁盛的，十足的,全然的

    bloom

    • (n.) a mass of wrought iron from the forge or puddling furnace，a bar of iron or steel hammered or rolled from an ingot 鍛鐵塊;塊鐵;塊鋼
    • (n.) a: FLOWER 花 b: the flowering state 開花 c: a period of flowering 花期;花季 d: an excessive growth of plankton
    • (n.) a: a state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor 漂亮,新鮮,有活力的狀態(時期) b : a state or time of high development or achievement 高度發展狀態(時期)
    • (n.) a surface coating or appearance: as a : a delicate powdery coating on some fruits and leaves (葡萄等成熟後表面生成的)白霜,粉衣 b: a rosy appearance of the cheeks; broadly: an outward evidence of freshness or healthy vigor (面頰的)紅潤,瑰玫色 c: a cloudiness on a film of varnish or lacquer d: a grayish discoloration on chocolate 巧克力變色 e: glare caused by an object reflecting too much light into a television camera 因太亮而炫目
    • (v.) a: to produce or yield flowers 開花 b: to support abundant plant life 生長茂盛
    • (v.) a(1) : to mature into achievement of one's potential 成長 (2): to flourish in youthful beauty, freshness or excellence 漂亮,新鮮,優秀起來 b: to shine out : GLOW 青春煥發;容光煥發
    • (v.) to appear or occur unexpectedly or in remarkable quantity or degree 大量出現
    • (v.) to become densely populated with microorganisms and especially plankton

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Astringent

• / əˈstrɪndʒənt /
• able to draw together the soft organic tissues : STYPTIC, PUCKERY

  suggestive of an astringent effect upon tissue : rigidly severe : AUSTERE

  (n.) an astringent agent or substance

• 收縮的;收斂性的，嚴厲的,嚴峻的 (n.) 收斂劑
• <>: emollient (eL make moll: soft (ex: mollify)，/ ɪˈmɒliənt/)
  • making soft or supple; also: soothing especially to the skin or mucous membrane 使柔軟鬆弛的
  • making less intense or harsh : MOLLIFYING 使緩和的
  • (n.) something that softens or soothes 鬆弛劑;軟化劑
• astringent : pucker = spark : ignition (功用目的)
  • pucker (v.) to become wrinkled or constricted 使起皺;使縮攏; (n.) a fold or wrinkle in a normally even surface 皺紋;皺褶
  • spark a small particle of a burning substance thrown out by a body in combustion or remaining when combustion is nearly completed 火花,火星
  • ignition (/ ɪgˈnɪʆən /) the act or action of igniting: as the starting of a fire 點火 the process or means (as an electric spark) of igniting a fuel mixture 點火,點火開關

    ignite (/ ɪgˈnaɪt /) to subject to fire or intense heat; especially: to render luminous by heat 點燃;使發光 to set afire 點火 to cause (a fuel) to burn 使燃燒 to heat up: EXCITE 激起

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Cogent

• /ˈkoʊdʒənt/
• co: together gen: 性質
• having power to compel or constrain

  a: appealing forcibly to the mind or reason: CONVINCING b: PERTINENT, RELEVANT

  VALID, SOUND, COGENT, CONVINCING, TELLING mean having such force as to compel serious attention and usually acceptance.

  • VALID implies being supported by objective truth or generally accepted authority a valid reason for being absent，a valid marriage
  • SOUND implies a basis of flawless reasoning or of solid grounds a sound proposal for reviving the economy
  • COGENT may stress either weight of sound argument and evidence or lucidity of presentation the prosecutor's cogent summation won over the jury
  • CONVINCING suggests a power to overcome doubt, opposition, or reluctance to accept a convincing argument for welfare reform
  • TELLING stresses an immediate and crucial effect striking at the heart of a matter a telling example of bureaucratic waste
• 有力的，使人信服的相關的
• a cogent argument for banning the drug
• cogent : convince = repugnant : repel (正面性質)
  • repel (re: back pel: push => 排斥，/ rɪˈpel /)
    • a: to drive back: REPULSE b: to fight against: RESIST 擊退;驅除
    • TURN AWAY, REJECT 拒絕;排斥;抵制 repelled the insinuation
    • to drive away : DISCOURAGE 阻擋防止 foul words and frowns must not repel a lover Shakespeare
    • to be incapable of adhering to, mixing with, taking up, or holding
    • to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance 驅逐
    • to cause aversion in : DISGUST 使厭惡,使反感

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Contingent

• / kənˈtɪndʒənt /
• con: together ting: touch
• likely but not certain to happen: POSSIBLE

  not logically necessary; especially: EMPIRICAL

  a: happening by chance or unforeseen causes b: subject to chance or unseen effects: UNPREDICTABLE c: intended for use in circumstances not completely foreseen

  dependent on or conditioned by something else

  not necessitated : determined by free choice

  (n.) a nonessential property

  (n.) a: a note foreign to a key indicated by a signature b: a prefixed sign indicating an accidental

  ACCIDENTAL, FORTUITOUS, CASUAL, CONTINGENT mean not amenable to planning or prediction.

• 可能發生的;偶然發生的;未預見而發生的;難以預料的;附帶的;以...為條件的，自由選擇的 (n.) 不重要的特性;偶然事件
• Further investment is contingent upon the company's profit performance.
• <>: absolute, certain to happen

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Ebullient

• / ɪˈbʌliənt/
• e: make bull: boil
• BOILING, AGITATED

  characterized by ebullience

  ebullience (/ ɪˈbʌliəns/) the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or feelings : EXUBERANCE (感情等的)奔放;興高采烈;沸騰

  • exuberant (ber: bear 結果實 ant: abundant，/ɪgˈzuːbərənt/)
    • extreme or excessive in degree, size, or extent 充溢的;繁茂的
    • a: joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic 無拘熱情的 b : unrestrained or elaborate especially in style : FLAMBOYANT 浮華的
    • produced in extreme abundance : PLENTIFUL 超豐富的

      PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.

• 沸騰的，(感情等的)奔放的;興高采烈的
• My father is a naturally ebullient personality.
• <>: placid, torpid, lifeless
  • placid serenely free of interruption or disturbance 平靜的,寧靜的;平和的,溫和的;沈著的

    CALM, TRANQUIL, SERENE, PLACID, PEACEFUL mean quiet and free from disturbance.

  • lifeless having no life: a: DEAD 死的 b: INANIMATE 無生氣的;單調的 c: lacking qualities expressive of life and vigor: INSIPID 無趣的 d: destitute of living beings 無生物的
• ebullience <> impassiveness, calm, restraint
  • impassiveness (im: not pass: passionate) 無感情的;無感覺的

    impassive (im: not pass: passionate)

    • unsusceptible to physical feeling : INSENSIBLE 無感覺的 unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion: APATHETIC 無感情的;無動於衷的
    • giving no sign of feeling or emotion : EXPRESSIONLESS 無表情的

      IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.

  • restraint
    • an act of restraining : the state of being restrained 限制;抑制
    • (1) : a means of restraining : a restraining force or influence 約束措施,限制(力) (2) : a device that restricts movement 約束措施
    • a control over the expression of one's emotions or thoughts 控制;克制(感情表達)

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Evanescent

• / ˌevəˈnesənt/
• van: vanish
• tending to vanish like vapor

  TRANSIENT, TRANSITORY, EPHEMERAL, MOMENTARY, FUGITIVE, FLEETING, EVANESCENT mean lasting or staying only a short time.

• 像蒸汽般逐漸消失的
• Be ambitious not for money, not for selfish aggrandizement, not for the evanescent thing which men call fame.
• <>: abiding, enduring, permanent
  • abiding ENDURING, CONTINUING 持續的,持久的;不變的

    abide (/ əˈbaɪd/)

    • to wait for : AWAIT 等候
    • a: to endure without yielding: WITHSTAND b: to bear patiently: TOLERATE 忍受,容忍
    • to accept without objection 無反對接受
    • (vi.) to remain stable or fixed in a state 持續 to continue in a place : SOJOURN 逗留,住
  • enduring LASTING, DURABLE 持久的;耐久的

    endure to undergo (as a hardship) especially without giving in: SUFFER 忍耐 to regard with acceptance or tolerance 容忍 to continue in the same state: LAST 持續

  • permanent (/ ˈpɜːmənənt/) continuing or enduring without fundamental or marked change : STABLE 永久不變的,永恆不變的;永遠的
• evanescent : disappear = pliant : yield (正面性質)
  • pliant (pli: bend 折曲，/ ˈplaɪənt /，ex: pliable 易曲折的;柔軟的) easily influenced : YIELDING 順從的;易影響的 suitable for varied uses 適應的

    PLASTIC, PLIABLE, PLIANT, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, ADAPTABLE mean susceptible of being modified in form or nature.

• evanescent : vanish = archaic : currency (反面性質)
  • archaic (arch: first，/ ɑːˈkeɪ-ɪk/)
    • having the characteristics of the language of the past and surviving chiefly in specialized uses 古體的
    • of, relating to, or characteristic of an earlier or more primitive time : ANTIQUATED 古式的;
    • surviving from an earlier period; specifically: typical of a previously dominant evolutionary stage 古代的,古老的

      OLD, ANCIENT, VENERABLE, ANTIQUE, ANTIQUATED, ARCHAIC, OBSOLETE mean having come into existence or use in the more or less distant past.

  • currency (current)
    • circulation as a medium of exchange 流通 general use, acceptance, or prevalence 通用,流通;流傳 the quality or state of being current: CURRENTNESS 當前的;現行的
    • something (as coins, treasury notes, and banknotes) that is in circulation as a medium of exchange 通貨 paper money in circulation 貨幣 a common article for bartering 通貨 a medium of verbal or intellectual expression
• transient : vanish = periodic : recur (正面性質)(左邊具右邊)
  • periodic (period，/ ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪk/)
    • occurring or recurring at regular intervals 規律週期性發生的
    • consisting of or containing a series of repeated stages, processes, or digits : CYCLIC 循環的;週期的
    • being a function any value of which recurs at regular intervals 週期函數的
    • expressed in or characterized by periodic sentences 完整句的
  • recur (re: again cur: occur)
    • to have recourse : RESORT 訴諸依賴 to go back in thought or discourse (問題等)被重新提出,重提
    • a: to come up again for consideration 重新想起 b : to come again to mind (往事等)再現,重新憶起
    • to occur again after an interval : occur time after time 再發生,復發

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Incipient

• / ɪnˈsɪpiənt /
• incip: head => 頭開始而已
• beginning to come into being or to become apparent
  • inchoate
• 起初的
• a sign of incipient madness
• <>: full-blown (blown: blow 之過去分詞，blow 其中一 v. 之意: FLOWER, BLOOM 使開花)
  • a: fully mature 充分發展的,成熟的 b: being at the height of bloom (花)盛開的 c: FULL-FLEDGED 經過充分訓練的(羽毛生齊的)
  • possessing all the usual or necessary features 完善的
• incipient : realized = hypothetical : proven = irregular : classified (反義類比)
  • realize
    • to bring into concrete existence : ACCOMPLISH 實現;使成為事實 to cause to seem real: make appear real 使看起來為真
    • to convert into actual money 變現 to bring or get by sale, investment, or effort : GAIN 把(證券,產業等)變賣;(以變賣產業等)獲(利);售得,賣得
    • to conceive vividly as real : be fully aware of 領悟,了解,認識到

      THINK, CONCEIVE, IMAGINE, FANCY, REALIZE, ENVISAGE, ENVISION mean to form an idea of.

  • hypothetical being or involving a hypothesis : CONJECTURAL 假設的,假定的

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Inclement

• / ɪnˈklemənt /
• in: not clem: clam => 不平靜

  (n.) clemency

• lacking mildness: as a: severe in temper or action: UNMERCIFUL b: physically severe : STORMY
• 嚴格嚴肅的;天氣險惡的;氣候嚴酷的
• Predictions of inclement weather proved to be wrong.
• <>: balmy
  (balm 鎮痛軟膏 => 安慰物) a: having the qualities of balm : SOOTHING 鎮痛的;撫慰的 b: MILD 溫和的,柔和的;宜人的 CRAZY, FOOLISH 傻呼呼的 (<>: irritation)
• draconian : inclemency = fretful : vexation (正面性質)
  • draconian (dracon: Drakon 古希臘法律學家，訂了嚴酷的法律 => 嚴酷的，/ drəˈkoʊniən/) CRUEL; also: SEVERE 嚴格的,太殘酷的
  • fretful (fret (/ ˈfret/): 使苦惱;使煩躁;使發愁;使磨損侵蝕;使(水面)起波紋，/ ˈfretfəl /) disposed to fret: IRRITABLE 煩惱的;焦躁的
  • vexation (/ vekˈseɪʆən /)
    • the act of harassing or vexing : TROUBLING 騷擾;惹怒
    • the quality or state of being vexed : IRRITATION 煩惱,苦惱;惱火
    • a cause of trouble : AFFLICTION 苦惱的原因;使人惱火的事情
  • vex to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to 使生氣;使煩惱 to bring physical distress to 使痛苦 to irritate or annoy by petty provocations: HARASS 掃擾;惹怒 PUZZLE, BAFFLE 使困惑

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Indigent

• / ˈɪndɪdʒənt/
• in: not dig => 沒錢可挖 => 貧窮
• suffering from indigence : IMPOVERISHED

  indigence (in: not dig => 沒錢可挖了 => 貧窮)

  a level of poverty in which real hardship and deprivation are suffered and comforts of life are wholly lacking 貧乏;窮困

  POVERTY, INDIGENCE, PENURY, WANT, DESTITUTION mean the state of one with insufficient resources.

  • penurious (penny，/ peˈnjʊəriəs/) marked by or suffering from penury 窮困的;不足的 given to or marked by extreme stinting frugality 小氣的

    penury (penny，/ ˈpenjuri /) a cramping and oppressive lack of resources (as money); especially: severe poverty 拮据;貧窮 extreme and often niggardly frugality 過份節儉

• 貧乏的
• Even medical care is available on demand at most public hospitals to indigent people with no money.
• <>: affluent (flu: flow，/ ˈæfluənt /)
  • flowing in abundance 流暢的;富饒的 having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions 富裕的
  • (n.) a tributary stream 支流 an affluent person 富裕的人
• redundant : indispensability = indigent : wealth (反面性質)
  • indispensability not subject to being set aside or neglected 不可忽略 absolutely necessary : ESSENTIAL 必要;不可缺

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Indulgent

• / ɪnˈdʌldʒənt /
• indulging or characterized by indulgence; especially: LENIENT

  indulge

  • a : to give free rein to 縱容 b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY 使高興
  • a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR 迎合遷就 b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration 過於寬大;關心

    INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings.

• 縱容的;放縱的;溺愛的，寬容的;寬大的
• expensive toys bought by their indulgent grandparents
• Spartan, ascetic <> sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious
  • Spartan (/ ˈspɑːrtn/)
    • of or relating to Sparta in ancient Greece 斯巴達人的
    • marked by strict self-discipline or self-denial 斯巴達式的自律,克己
    • marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort 斯巴達式的簡樸、節約、刻苦
  • sybaritic (Sybarites: 某地的居民，愛奢侈享樂的人，/ ˌsɪbəˈrɪtɪk/) VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST 奢侈淫逸的
  • voluptuous (/ vəˈlʌptʆuəs /)
    • full of delight or pleasure to the senses : conducive to or arising from sensuous or sensual gratification : LUXURIOUS 滿足感官的;給人以快感的
    • suggesting sensual pleasure by fullness and beauty of form 感官享受的
    • given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications 縱情聲色的

      SENSUOUS, SENSUAL, LUXURIOUS, VOLUPTUOUS mean relating to or providing pleasure through gratification of the senses.

  • voluptuary (/ vəˈlʌptʆueri /) a person whose chief interests are luxury and the gratification of sensual appetites 沈迷於酒色的(人)
  • luxurious (/ləgˈʒʊəriəs/) marked by or given to self-indulgence 放縱自己的 of, relating to, or marked by luxury 奢侈的; of the finest and richest kind 精選的;豪華的
• draconian <> indulgent, mild
  • draconian (dracon: Drakon 古希臘法律學家，訂了嚴酷的法律 => 嚴酷的，/ drəˈkoʊniən/) CRUEL; also: SEVERE 嚴格的,太殘酷的
• martinet <> indulgent person
  • martinet (法國將軍名，治軍嚴謹，/ ˌmɑːrtəˈnet/) a strict disciplinarian 嚴格執行紀律的人 a person who stresses a rigid adherence to the details of forms and methods 固守某些方法細節的人
• austere : decorate = abstemious, abstinent : indulge (反面性質)
  • abstinent (ab: away，/ ˈæbstənənt /)
    • voluntary forbearance especially from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods : ABSTENTION 節制慾望的
    • habitual abstaining(戒除) from intoxicating(使醉的) beverages(飲料) 戒酒的
  • abstain to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice (克己)戒;避免;避開
• glutton : overindulgence = ascetic : self-denial (具有性質)

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Insolent

• / ˈɪnsələnt /
• in: not sol: accustomed => 不顧風俗地傲慢無恥
• insultingly contemptuous in speech or conduct : OVERBEARING

  exhibiting boldness or effrontery : IMPUDENT

  PROUD, ARROGANT, HAUGHTY, LORDLY, INSOLENT, OVERBEARING, SUPERCILIOUS, DISDAINFUL mean showing scorn for inferiors.

  • effrontery (ef: ex -> out front: forehead => 不要前額 => 不要臉，/ ɪˈfrʌntəri /) shameless boldness : INSOLENCE 厚顏無恥;放肆
    • <>: decorum (decor: decorate => 合乎禮節，/ dɪˈkɔːrəm /) literary and dramatic propriety: FITNESS 彬彬有禮 propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance 舉止合宜;外表端莊
• 傲慢的;無禮的;侮慢的，厚顏的,無恥的
• Although she didn't actually say anything offensive, her expression was sulky, insolent, and hostile.
• <>: polite, courteous
  • courteous (/ ˈkɜːtiəs/) (反面性質類比： boor: a rude or insensitive person 粗野的人;鄉下人)
    • marked by polished manners, gallantry, or ceremonial usage of a court
    • 殷勤的,謙恭的,有禮貌的 marked by respect for and consideration of others 尊敬顧慮他人的
  • court
    • a: to seek to gain or achieve 企圖獲得;追求 b(1): ALLURE, TEMPT 引誘 (2): to act so as to invite or provoke 招致
    • to seek the affections of; especially: to seek to win a pledge of marriage from 向...求婚
    • to seek to attract (as by solicitous attention or offers of advantages) 向...獻殷勤 to seek an alliance with 尋求聯盟
    • (n.) 法庭,法院;(開)庭，全體法官，(網球等的)場地，庭院,院子，短巷,死巷，朝廷;廷臣，宮廷;王宮;(君主的)召見，(向女性的)求愛;殷勤
• insolently : veneration = perfunctorily : inspiration (反面性質) (把左邊 adv. 轉成 adj. 看)

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Insurgent

• / ɪnˈsɜːdʒənt/
• surge: rise => 「起」事、「起」義
• rising in opposition to civil authority or established leadership : REBELLIOUS

  (n.) a person who revolts against civil authority or an established government; especially : a rebel not recognized as a belligerent(好戰的)

  (n.) one who acts contrary to the policies and decisions of one's own political party

• 起事的;叛亂的 (n.) (非好戰的)起義者;反叛者，(政黨內的)反黨分子,反對派
• At one point, the insurgents even approached the new Francophile capital of Beirut.
• insurgent : rebel = incendiary : agitate (人物動作)
  • rebel (/ ˈrebəl /)
    • (n.) one who rebels or participates in a rebellion 造反者;反抗者;反叛者
    • (v.) a:to oppose or disobey one in authority or control b: to renounce and resist by force the authority of one's government 造反;反叛;反抗
    • (v.) to act in or show opposition or disobedience 反對、不服從 to feel or exhibit anger or revulsion 生氣反感
  • agitate
    • to move with an irregular, rapid, or violent action 攪動(液體等);搖動 the storm agitated the sea
    • to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of : DISTURB 使激動;使焦慮
    • to discuss excitedly and earnestly，to stir up public discussion 激烈辯論(問題等)

      DISCOMPOSE, DISQUIET, DISTURB, PERTURB, AGITATE, UPSET, FLUSTER mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action.

• parsimonious : miser = rebelliousness : insurgent (人物性質)
  • miser (/ ˈmaɪzər/) a mean grasping person; especially: one who is extremely stingy with money 吝嗇鬼;守財奴 (adj. miserly)
  • rebelliousness (/ rɪˈbeljəsnɪs/) 造反;不法，難以控制;難以治療

    rebellious (/ rɪˈbeljəs/)

    • given to or engaged in rebellion 造反的 of, relating to, or characteristic of a rebel or rebellion 叛亂的
    • resisting treatment or management : REFRACTORY 難控制的;難治療的

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Latent

• / ˈleɪtənt /
• late: hide => 潛伏
• present and capable of becoming though not now visible, obvious, or active

  LATENT, DORMANT, QUIESCENT, POTENTIAL mean not now showing signs of activity or existence.

• (疾病)潛伏的,潛在的,隱性的
• The virus remains latent in the body for many years.
• <>: manifest, patent(=visible)
  • manifest (/ ˈmænəfest / ) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane) (飛機的船的)乘客名單;貨單

    readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight，easily understood or recognized by the mind : OBVIOUS 顯然的,明白的,清楚的

    EVIDENT, MANIFEST, PATENT, DISTINCT, OBVIOUS, APPARENT, PLAIN, CLEAR mean readily perceived or apprehended.

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Lambent

• /ˈlæmbənt/
• lamb: soft (limp 則是「跛腳」)
• playing lightly on or over a surface : FLICKERING

  softly bright or radiant

  marked by lightness or brilliance especially of expression

• 輕輕搖曳的，柔和而光亮的，(機智,幽默等)巧妙的
• <>: sharply bright

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Munificent

• / mjuːˈnɪfəsənt/
• muni: mune -> gift fic: make => 作禮物 => 慷慨
• very liberal(自由 => 慷慨) in giving or bestowing : LAVISH

  characterized by great liberality(自由 => 慷慨) or generosity

  LIBERAL, GENEROUS, BOUNTIFUL, MUNIFICENT mean giving or given freely and unstintingly.

• miser : munificent = zealot : blase (反面性質)
  • miser (/ ˈmaɪzər/) a mean grasping person; especially: one who is extremely stingy with money 吝嗇鬼;守財奴

    (miser : stingy 為「正面性質」)

  • blase (/ ˈblɑːzeɪ/)
    • apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment : WORLD-WEARY 玩厭了的
    • SOPHISTICATED, WORLDLY-WISE 老於世故的
    • UNCONCERNED 不感興趣的,漠不關心的

      SOPHISTICATED, WORLDLY-WISE, BLASE mean experienced in the ways of the world.

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Nutrient

• / ˈnjuːtriənt/
• nutrition: 營養
• furnishing nourishment

  (n.) a nutritive substance or ingredient

• 營養的,滋養的 (n.) 營養物,滋養物
• The plant absorbs nutrients from the soil.
• starve : nutrient = suffocate : oxygen (缺乏...)
  • starve to perish from lack of food 餓死 to suffer extreme hunger 挨餓;餓得慌 to suffer or perish from deprivation 因缺乏而受苦或死去 to deprive of nourishment 缺乏養分
  • suffocate (/ ˈsʌfəkeɪt /)
    • to stop the respiration(呼吸) of (as by strangling(勒死) or asphyxiation(窒息)) 停止呼吸 to deprive of oxygen 缺氧

      to make uncomfortable by want of cool fresh air 因缺乏新鮮空氣而感到不舒服

    • to impede or stop the development of 扼制,壓制;阻礙

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Patent

• / ˈpeɪtnt/
• open to public inspection

  (1) : secured by letters patent or by a patent to the exclusive control and possession of a particular individual or party (2): protected by a patent: made under a patent

  protected by a trademark or a trade name so as to establish proprietary rights analogous to those conveyed by letters patent or a patent : PROPRIETARY

  of, relating to, or concerned with the granting of patents especially for inventions

  making exclusive or proprietary claims or pretensions

  affording free passage : UNOBSTRUCTED

  PATULOUS, SPREADING

  ACCESSIBLE, EXPOSED

  readily visible or intelligible : OBVIOUS

• 專利的;獲得專利的;有專利權的，公開的;顯然的;明白的;可取得的;可瞭解的，暢通無阻的，伸展的
• <>: not evident
  • evident clear to the vision or understanding 明顯的;明白的

    EVIDENT, MANIFEST, PATENT, DISTINCT, OBVIOUS, APPARENT, PLAIN, CLEAR mean readily perceived or apprehended.

• occult <> bare, patent
  • bare
    • a: lacking a natural, usual, or appropriate covering 裸的;光禿禿的 b: lacking clothing 裸的 c: UNARMED 手無寸鐵的
    • open to view : EXPOSED 不加掩飾的;公開的;明顯的
    • a: unfurnished or scantily supplied 無陳設的; b : DESTITUTE 缺乏的
    • a: having nothing left over or added 僅僅的 b: MERE 僅有的 c: devoid of amplification or adornment 無裝飾的

      BARE, NAKED, NUDE, BALD, BARREN mean deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering.

• abstruse, recondite <> accessible, patent
  • accessible
    • providing access 可通達的
    • a: capable of being reached also: being within reach 可(或易)接近的;可(或易)進入的 b: easy to speak or deal with 易溝通處理的
    • capable of being influenced : OPEN 易受影響的
    • capable of being used or seen : AVAILABLE 可被使用的, 可被見到的
    • capable of being understood or appreciated 易被理解的;受到讚賞的
• nuance <> patent difference
  • nuance (/ ˈnjuːɑːns/) a subtle distinction or variation (色調,音調,意義,見解等的)細微差別 a subtle quality : NICETY 微妙 sensibility to, awareness of, or ability to express delicate shadings (as of meaning, feeling, or value) 能察覺細微差別的敏感
• GRE 4 「難以理解」
  • abstruse
  • recondite
  • occult
  • opaque

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Pertinent

• / ˈpɜːtənənt/
• having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand

  RELEVANT, GERMANE, MATERIAL, PERTINENT, APPOSITE, APPLICABLE, APROPOS mean relating to or bearing upon the matter in hand.

  • pertain
    • to belong as a part, member, accessory, or product，to belong as an attribute, feature, or function，to belong as a duty or right 從屬,附屬
    • to be appropriate to something 適合,相配
    • to have reference 有關,關於
• 恰當的,貼切的;中肯的，有關的,相干的
• The last point is particularly pertinent to today's discussion.
• pertinent, relevant <> immaterial, irrelevant, extraneous, inappropriate
  • immaterial (mater: matter) not consisting of matter : INCORPOREAL 無實體的;無形的;精神的 of no substantial consequence : UNIMPORTANT 不重要的,無關緊要的

    material (mater: matter)

    • (1): relating to, derived from, or consisting of matter; especially: PHYSICAL 物質的;有形的 the material world (2): BODILY 肉體的,身體上的
    • (1): of or relating to matter rather than form 實體更甚形式的 (2): of or relating to the subject matter of reasoning; especially: EMPIRICAL 經驗推理的
    • having real importance or great consequences 重要的
    • a: being of a physical or worldly nature b: relating to or concerned with physical rather than spiritual or intellectual things 物質的(相對「精神的」)
  • extraneous (ex: out，/ ɪkˈstreɪniəs /)
    • existing on or coming from the outside 外來的
    • a: not forming an essential or vital part 不重要的 b: having no relevance 無關的
    • being a number obtained in solving an equation that is not a solution of the equation 錯誤答案的

      EXTRINSIC, EXTRANEOUS, FOREIGN, ALIEN mean external to a thing, its essential nature, or its original character.

• pertinent : relevance = redundant : superfluity (正面性質)
  • superfluity (super，flu: flow -> 多，/ ˌsuːpəˈfluːəti/)
    • a: EXCESS, OVERSUPPLY 過多;超額 b: something unnecessary or superfluous 不必要;過剩
    • immoderate and especially luxurious living, habits, or desires 無節制奢侈的生活,習慣,慾望
  • superfluous(super，flu: flow -> 多，/ suːˈpɜːfluəs/) exceeding what is sufficient or necessary: EXTRA 超過所需的 not needed :UNNECESSARY 不需要的

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Pungent

• / ˈpʌndʒənt /
• pung: puncture 刺 => 刺激
• sharply painful

  having a stiff and sharp point

  a: marked by a sharp incisive quality : CAUSTIC b: being sharp and to the point

  causing a sharp or irritating sensation; especially: ACRID (acid，味道刺激,辣的)

  PUNGENT, PIQUANT, POIGNANT, RACY mean sharp and stimulating to the mind or the senses.

• 強烈的;痛苦的，尖刻的，敏銳的;敏捷的，(氣味等)有刺激性的;辣的
• the pungent odor of garlic

  He expressed some fairly pungent criticisms.

• <>: blandness

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Provident

• / ˈprɒvədənt/
• pro: forth vid: see => 向前看 => 未雨綢繆的節約
• making provision(供應;預備,預防) for the future : PRUDENT

  FRUGAL, SAVING

• 有先見之明的;深謀遠慮的，節儉的
• We have to be vaguely provident, but no real sacrifices are demanded.
• <>: profligate, prodigal
• fervor : zealot = improvidence : spendthrift (人物性質)
  • fervor (fer: fire，/ˈfɜːvər/) intensity of feeling or expression 熱烈,熱情

    PASSION, FERVOR, ARDOR, ENTHUSIASM, ZEAL mean intense emotion compelling action.

  • spendthrift (spend，thrift，/ ˈspendˌθrɪft / ) a person who spends improvidently or wastefully 揮霍無度的人;放蕩者

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Redolent

• / ˈredələnt /
• dol: odor 氣味
• exuding(散發) fragrance(香氣) : AROMATIC

  a: full of a specified fragrance: SCENTED b: EVOCATIVE, SUGGESTIVE

  ODOROUS, FRAGRANT, REDOLENT, AROMATIC mean emitting and diffusing scent.

• 芳香的;有...氣味的;令人想起...的
• The bar was redolent with the smell of stale cigarette smoke.

  a style redolent of the sixties

• <>: unscented (/ʌnˈsentɪd /) 沒有氣味的

  scented (/ ˈsentɪd /) having scent: as a: having the sense of smell 有嗅覺的 b: having a perfumed smell 有香氣的 c: having or exhaling(呼氣) an odor 有氣味的

  scent (/ sent /)

  • (v.) a: to perceive by the olfactory(嗅覺的) organs: SMELL 聞到;嗅到 b: to get or have an inkling of 察覺到
  • (v.) to imbue or fill with odor 使充滿氣味
  • (n.) effluvia from a substance that affect the sense of smell: as a: an odor left by an animal on a surface passed over 動物遺留的氣味 b: a characteristic or particular odor; especially: one that is agreeable 香氣
  • (n.) a : power of smelling : sense of smell 嗅覺 b : power of detection : NOSE 察覺能力
  • (n.) a course of pursuit or discovery 蹤跡,線索
  • (n.) INKLING, INTIMATION 跡象
  • (n.) PERFUME 香味

    FRAGRANCE, PERFUME, SCENT, REDOLENCE mean a sweet or pleasant odor.

    SMELL, SCENT, ODOR, AROMA mean the quality that makes a thing perceptible to the olfactory sense.

• redolent, aromatic, fragrant : smell = piquant, savory : taste = melodious : hear (五官感覺對應)
  • fragrant (/ ˈfreɪgrənt /) marked by fragrance 香的,芳香的 (同義字見上)

    fragrance (/ ˈfreɪgrəns /) a sweet or delicate odor (as of fresh flowers, pine trees, or perfume) b: something (as a perfume) compounded to give off a sweet or pleasant odor 香味

  • melodious (melody，/ məˈloʊdiəs/) having a pleasing melody 旋律優美的,悅耳動聽的

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Refulgent

• /rɪˈfʌldʒənt/
• re: back fulg: shine => shine back => 光輝燦爛
• 同 effulgent
• refulgence (/rɪˈfʌldʒəns/) a radiant or resplendent quality or state : BRILLIANCE 光輝;燦爛
• 輝煌的;燦爛的
• <>: lackluster (lack，luster: 光澤;光耀) lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality : DULL, MEDIOCRE 無光澤的;無生氣的

Resplendent

• / rɪˈsplendənt /
• re: back splend: shine => shine back => 光輝燦爛
• shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing(鮮明的) splendor(光彩;壯觀;傑出)

  SPLENDID, RESPLENDENT, GORGEOUS, GLORIOUS, SUBLIME, SUPERB mean extraordinarily or transcendently impressive.

• 燦爛的;光輝的;華麗的
• She looked resplendent in a silk dress.
• <>: dull
• bootless : fultility = efflugent : resplendence (正面性質)
  • bootless (boot: profit (good)) USELESS, UNPROFITABLE 無用的;無利可圖的
  • futility (/ fjuːˈtɪləti /) 無益,徒勞

    futile (/ ˈfjuːtl/) serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective 無效的,無用的 occupied with trifles(瑣事) : FRIVOLOUS 忙於小事的;缺少目的的

• caprice : whimsical = effulgence : resplendent (正面性質)
• bravura : performance = resplendence : appearance (種類類比) (左邊是華麗的右邊)
  • bravura (/ brəˈvjʊərə/)
    • a musical passage requiring exceptional agility and technical skill in execution 需靈巧技術的樂曲段
    • a florid brilliant style 華麗的風格
    • a show of daring or brilliance 大膽的或光輝華麗的表演
    • (adj.) marked by an ostentatious display of skill 難演唱或演奏的;善於演唱或演奏困難樂段的 ORNATE, SHOWY 炫麗的

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Salient

• / ˈseɪliənt /
• sal: jump => 跳出頭 => 明顯的
• moving by leaps or springs : JUMPING

  jetting upward

  a: projecting beyond a line, surface, or level b: standing out conspicuously : PROMINENT; especially: of notable significance

  (n.) something (as a promontory) that projects outward or upward from its surroundings; especially : an outwardly projecting part of a fortification, trench system, or line of defense

  NOTICEABLE, REMARKABLE, PROMINENT, OUTSTANDING, CONSPICUOUS, SALIENT, STRIKING mean attracting notice or attention.

• 跳躍的，(水等)噴射的,涌出的，凸出的,突起的，顯著的;突出的 (n.) 凸角;凸出部分，(戰線等的)突出部
• the salient points of the report
• <>: inconspicuous (in: not spic: look) not readily noticeable 不顯著的;不顯眼的,不引人注目的

  conspicuous (spic: look，/ kənˈspɪkjuəs /) obvious to the eye or mind 明顯的;顯著的 attracting attention: STRIKING 引人注目的 marked by a noticeable violation of good taste

• salient : ignore = incomprehensible : understand (反面性質) (左邊不容易右邊)
• subtle : ignore, overlook = salient : observed = tractable : lead (正面性質)(左邊容易被右邊)
  • overlook
    • to look over : INSPECT 照看;檢查
    • to look down upon from above 俯瞰;眺望; to rise above or afford a view of 高聳於...之上
    • a: to look past: MISS b: IGNORE 看漏;忽略
    • SUPERINTEND, OVERSEE 監視;監督;
    • to look on with the evil eye : BEWITCH 施魔術於,蠱惑

      NEGLECT, DISREGARD, IGNORE, OVERLOOK, SLIGHT, FORGET mean to pass over without giving due attention.

  • tractable (tract: draw) capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled : DOCILE 馴良的; easily handled, managed, or wrought : MALLEABLE 易處理的

    OBEDIENT, DOCILE, TRACTABLE, AMENABLE mean submissive to the will of another.

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Sapient

• / ˈseɪpiənt /
• sap: wise
• possessing or expressing great sagacity

  WISE, SAGE, SAPIENT, JUDICIOUS, PRUDENT, SENSIBLE, SANE mean having or showing sound judgment.

• (表現)聰明的;伶俐的
• <>: foolish

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Strident

• / ˈstraɪdənt /
• characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound; also: commanding attention by a loud or obtrusive quality

  LOUD, STENTORIAN, EARSPLITTING, RAUCOUS, STRIDENT mean marked by intensity or volume of sound.

  VOCIFEROUS, CLAMOROUS, BLATANT, STRIDENT, BOISTEROUS, OBSTREPEROUS mean so loud or insistent as to compel attention.

• (持續,不和諧)刺耳的
• harsh, discordant, grating, raspy, jarring, cacophonous <> euphonious, dulcet, mellifluous
  • harsh
    • having a coarse uneven surface that is rough or unpleasant to the touch 粗糙的
    • a: causing a disagreeable or painful sensory reaction: IRRITATING 刺耳的;澀口的;刺鼻的;刺目的 b: physically discomforting: PAINFUL 引起不舒服的
    • unduly(過份的) exacting(嚴格的) : SEVERE 過份嚴格的;嚴厲的;嚴酷的
    • lacking in aesthetic appeal or refinement: CRUDE 沒有加工粗陋的

      ROUGH, HARSH, UNEVEN, RUGGED, SCABROUS mean not smooth or even.

  • discordant (dis: not cord: heart) being at variance: DISAGREEING 不一致的 QUARRELSOME 喜歡爭吵的 relating to a discord 爭吵的

    discord (dis: not cord: heart)

    • lack of agreement or harmony (as between persons, things, or ideas) 不一致;不協調
    • active quarreling or conflict resulting from discord among persons or factions: STRIFE 因派系或因人不和諧而產生的爭吵
    • a1: a combination of musical sounds that strikes the ear harshly 不和諧音 a2: DISSONANCE 不和諧音 b: a harsh or unpleasant sound 噪音
    • (v.) DISAGREE, CLASH 意見不合;衝突

      DISCORD, STRIFE, CONFLICT, CONTENTION, DISSENSION, VARIANCE mean a state or condition marked by a lack of agreement or harmony.

  • grating 咯吱作響的;刺耳的，令人煩躁的，(門窗等的)格柵;格子板

    grate

    • to reduce to small particles by rubbing on something rough 磨碎
    • FRET, IRRITATE 使人煩躁,刺激
    • to gnash or grind noisily 咯咯地磨 to cause to make a rasping sound 發摩擦聲 to utter in a harsh voice 發出刺耳聲音
    • to furnish with a grate 裝爐柵於;裝格柵於
    • (n.) a: a barred frame for cooking over a fire 爐柵, b: a frame or bed of iron bars to hold a stove or furnace fire 爐格 c : FIREPLACE 火爐,壁爐
  • grateful appreciative of benefits received 感謝的 expressing gratitude 表示感謝的 affording pleasure or contentment : PLEASING 令人愉快的

    pleasing by reason of comfort supplied or discomfort alleviated 可喜的

  • raspy HARSH, GRATING 刺耳的;粗糙的 IRRITABLE 易怒的
  • jarring 刺耳的;使人不愉快的

    jar (v.)

    • a: to make a harsh or discordant sound 發出刺耳的聲音; b: to have a harshly disagreeable or disconcerting effect 使人產生不愉快的感覺

      c: to be out of harmony; specifically: BICKER 不一致,不和諧;衝突

    • to undergo severe vibration 使歷經嚴重震盪
  • cacophonous (phon: sound (ex: telephone)，/kæˈkɒfənəs/) marked by cacophony : harsh-sounding 發音不和諧的

    cacophony (phon: sound (ex: telephone)，/ kəˈkɒfəni/) harsh or discordant sound : DISSONANCE; specifically: harshness in the sound of words or phrases 雜音;不和諧音

  • euphonious (eu: beautiful phon: sound，/juˈfonɪəs/) pleasing to the ear 悅耳的,聲音和諧的

    eupony (eu: beautiful phon: sound，/ˈjufəni/)

    • pleasing or sweet sound; especially: the acoustic effect produced by words so formed or combined as to please the ear 聲音的和諧;諧音;
    • a harmonious succession of words having a pleasing sound 悅耳語音
  • dulcet (/ ˈdʌlsɪt /) sweet to the taste 甜的 pleasing to the ear 悅耳的; generally pleasing or agreeable 怡人的
  • mellifluous (melli: 當諧音「美麗」記 flu: flow 流暢，/ məˈlɪfluəs/) having a smooth rich flow 流暢的 filled with something (as honey) that sweetens 甜美的;
• stridency : sound = acridity : odor (修飾對象)
  • acridity (acid，/ æˈkrɪdətɪ/) 刺激;辛辣;苦，刻薄話;譏刺

    acrid (acid: 尖酸) sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or odor: IRRITATING (味道等)刺激的;辣的,苦的 deeply or violently bitter : ACRIMONIOUS (言詞等)刻薄的;譏刺的

• ambrosial : taste(food) = mellifluous : sound(music) (修飾對象)
  • ambrosial (ambrosia: 仙饌，/ æmˈbrəʊziəl/) something extremely pleasing to taste or smell 美味(芬芳)的
  • mellifluous 見上

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Stringent

• / ˈstrɪndʒənt /
• string: strict
• TIGHT, CONSTRICTED

  marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with regard to rule or standard

  marked by money scarcity and credit strictness

  RIGID, RIGOROUS, STRICT, STRINGENT mean extremely severe or stern.

• 緊的;限制的，嚴格的;嚴厲的，銀根緊的
• stringent anti-noise regulations
• <>: lax
  • a (of the bowels): LOOSE, OPEN 寬鬆的 b: having loose bowels(腸,內部) 易通便的;腹瀉的
  • deficient in firmness : not stringent 不嚴格的;馬馬虎虎的
  • a: not tense, firm, or rigid : SLACK 鬆弛的;不堅固的 b: having an open or loose texture 質地鬆的 c: having the constituents spread apart 散開的
  • articulated with the muscles involved in a relatively relaxed state (母音)鬆弛的

    NEGLIGENT, NEGLECTFUL, LAX, SLACK, REMISS mean culpably careless or indicative of such carelessness.

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Succulent

• / ˈsʌkjulənt /
• suc: suck => 吸 => 「多汁的」才能吸
• a: full of juice : JUICY b: moist and tasty: TOOTHSOME c: having fleshy tissues that conserve moisture

  rich in interest

• 多水分的;多汁的，含水可口的，【植】肉質的，有趣味的 (n.) 多汁植物
• a succulent steak
• <>: juiceless

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Truculent

• /ˈtrʌkjulənt /
• truc: 形似 truck => 像卡車一般蠻橫殘暴
• feeling or displaying ferocity: CRUEL, SAVAGE

  DEADLY, DESTRUCTIVE

  scathingly harsh : VITRIOLIC

  aggressively self-assertive : BELLIGERENT

  • ferocious (/ fəˈroʊʆəs/) exhibiting or given to extreme fierceness and unrestrained violence and brutality 兇猛的;殘忍的 extremely intense 非常的;驚人的

    ferocity (/ fəˈrɒsəti/) the quality or state of being ferocious 兇猛;殘暴，極端

    FIERCE, FEROCIOUS, BARBAROUS, SAVAGE, CRUEL mean showing fury or malignity in looks or actions.

  • cruel
    • disposed to inflict pain or suffering: devoid of humane feelings，unrelieved by leniency 殘忍的,殘酷的;沒人性的
    • causing or conducive to injury, grief, or pain 令人痛苦的;刻毒傷人的;
  • savage (/ ˈsævɪdʒ /)
    • not domesticated or under human control: UNTAMED 野生的 lacking the restraints normal to civilized human beings: FIERCE, FEROCIOUS 野蠻凶猛的
    • WILD, UNCULTIVATED 未開化的,野蠻的
    • a: BOORISH (boor: a rude or insensitive person 粗野的人;鄉下人), RUDE 粗魯的 b : MALICIOUS 惡意的
    • lacking complex or advanced culture : UNCIVILIZED 未開化的;未開發的
• 兇狠的,殘酷的;野蠻的，致命的,毀滅性的，尖刻的,粗暴的，好戰的,好鬥的
• The National Assembly was being truculent over the budget proposals.
• <>: gentle, humane, meek
  • meek (/ miːk /) enduring injury with patience and without resentment: MILD 受傷能忍的;溫順的 deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE 懦弱的;無骨氣的 not violent or strong : MODERATE 溫和的
• truculent : gentleness = unregretful : remorse (反面性質)
  • remorse (mor: death) a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH 痛悔;自責

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Vehement

• / ˈviːəmənt /
• vehem: violent
• marked by forceful energy: POWERFUL as a: intensely emotional: IMPASSIONED, FERVID b1: deeply felt b2: forcibly expressed c: bitterly antagonistic
  • impassioned (im: into passion) filled with passion or zeal : showing great warmth or intensity of feeling 充滿激情的;慷慨激昂的;熱烈的

    impassion to arouse the feelings or passions of 激起...的熱情;使激動

  • fervid (fer: fire) very hot : BURNING 熾熱的 marked by often extreme fervor 熱情的

    fervor (fer: fire，/ˈfɜːvər/) intensity of feeling or expression 熱烈,熱情

    PASSION, FERVOR, ARDOR, ENTHUSIASM, ZEAL mean intense emotion compelling action.

  • perfervid (per: 完全 fervid) marked by overwrought or exaggerated emotion : excessively fervent 極為熱烈的;過於熱情的
  • IMPASSIONED, PASSIONATE, ARDENT, FERVENT, FERVID, PERFERVID mean showing intense feeling.
• 感情激烈的;熱烈的，強烈的;猛烈的
• Despite vehement opposition, the Act became law.
• vehement, fervid, perfervid <> tepid, apathetic, impassive
  • fervid, perfervid 見上同義字
  • tepid moderately warm : LUKEWARM 微溫的 lacking in passion, force, or zest，marked by an absence of enthusiasm or conviction 缺乏熱情活力的
  • apathetic (a: not pathetic，/ ˌæpəˈθetɪk/)

    having or showing little or no feeling or emotion : SPIRITLESS 無感情的;無動於衷的 having little or no interest or concern : INDIFFERENT 冷淡的

    pathetic having a capacity to move one to either compassionate or contemptuous pity 引起憐憫的;可憐的;可悲的 marked by sorrow or melancholy : SAD 可悲的

    MOVING, IMPRESSIVE, POIGNANT, AFFECTING, TOUCHING, PATHETIC mean having the power to produce deep emotion.

  • impassive (im: not pass: passionate)
    • unsusceptible to physical feeling : INSENSIBLE 無感覺的 unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion: APATHETIC 無感情的;無動於衷的
    • giving no sign of feeling or emotion : EXPRESSIONLESS 無表情的
  • IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.

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Virulent

• / ˈvɪrjələnt /
• virus
• a: marked by a rapid, severe, and malignant course b: able to overcome bodily defensive mechanisms

  extremely poisonous or venomous

  full of malice : MALIGNANT

  objectionably harsh or strong

  GRE 4 「毒」

  • virulent (「病毒」之毒)
  • poisonous (poison，「毒藥」之毒) having the properties or effects of poison : VENOMOUS 有毒的; DESTRUCTIVE, HARMFUL 有害的 SPITEFUL, MALICIOUS 惡毒的,有惡意的
  • venomous (venom，「蛇蝎」之毒，/ ˈvenəməs /)
    • full of venom: as a: POISONOUS, ENVENOMED 有毒的 b: NOXIOUS, PERNICIOUS 有毒的 c: SPITEFUL, MALEVOLENT 惡毒的,有惡意的
    • having a venom-producing gland and able to inflict a poisoned wound 有毒腺的
  • toxic (「化學」之毒，可當 n.) of, relating to, or caused by a poison or toxin 毒(性)的 affected by a poison or toxin 中毒的 POISONOUS 有害的;惡毒的
  • malignant (mal: bad，/ məˈlɪgnənt /)
    • evil in nature, influence, or effect: INJURIOUS 有惡意的,邪惡的 passionately and relentlessly malevolent: aggressively malicious 極有害的
    • tending to produce death or deterioration; especially: tending to infiltrate, metastasize, and terminate fatally 【醫】惡性的,致命的
• 劇毒的;致命的，充滿敵意的;狠毒的
• Example sentence
• <>: salubrious, salutary

  HEALTHFUL, WHOLESOME, SALUBRIOUS, SALUTARY mean favorable to the health of mind or body.

  HEALTHY, SOUND, WHOLESOME, ROBUST, HALE, WELL mean enjoying or indicative of good health.

Baleful

• / ˈbeɪlfəl /
• bale 音近「悲哀」
• deadly or pernicious in influence

  foreboding evil : OMINOUS

  SINISTER, BALEFUL, MALIGN mean seriously threatening evil or disaster.

• 致命的;有毒的;有害的，不祥預兆的
• bale <> mirth
  • bale (/ beɪl /) great evil 邪惡 WOE, SORROW 悲傷;哀痛 a large bundle of goods; specifically: a large closely pressed package of merchandise bound and usually wrapped 大包,大捆 (亦可當 v.)
  • mirth (n.) gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter 歡笑;高興

Baneful

• / ˈbeɪnfəl /
• productive of destruction or woe : seriously harmful

  PERNICIOUS, BANEFUL, NOXIOUS, DELETERIOUS, DETRIMENTAL mean exceedingly harmful.

• 有害的，有毒的
• <>: salutary
• bane <> blessing
  • bane (/ beɪn /) POISON 毒藥 DEATH, DESTRUCTION 毀滅;死 WOE 災害 a source of harm or ruin : CURSE 剋星,禍根
  • blessing the act or words of one that blesses 祝福 APPROVAL, ENCOURAGEMENT 贊成;鼓勵 a thing conducive to happiness or welfare 幸事;賜福 grace said at a meal (飯前飯後的)禱告

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Bountiful

• / ˈbaʊntɪfəl /
• bount: abundant
• liberal in bestowing gifts or favors

  given or provided abundantly

  LIBERAL, GENEROUS, BOUNTIFUL, MUNIFICENT mean giving or given freely and unstintingly.

• 慷慨的;寬大的，充足的,豐富的
• bountiful harvests

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Doleful

• /ˈdoʊlfəl /
• dol: grief
• causing grief or affliction(苦惱;折磨)

  full of grief : CHEERLESS

  expressing grief : SAD

  • dolorous (dol: grief，/dalərəs/) causing, marked by, or expressing misery or grief 悲哀的;悲痛的;憂傷的
• 令人傷心的;悲傷的;憂鬱的
• a doleful song about lost love
• <>: jovial (jo: joy，/ ˈdʒoʊviəl/) markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality 天性快活的;愉快的

  MERRY, BLITHE, JOCUND, JOVIAL, JOLLY mean showing high spirits or lightheartedness.

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Fanciful

• / ˈfænsɪfəl /
• fancy： (n.) 愛好;迷戀，想像;想像力;幻想，想法;怪念頭
• marked by fancy or unrestrained imagination rather than by reason and experience

  existing in fancy only

  marked by or as if by fancy or whim

  IMAGINARY, FANCIFUL, VISIONARY, FANTASTIC, CHIMERICAL, QUIXOTIC mean unreal or unbelievable.

• 富於幻想的;想像的，奇異的;古怪的
• The suggestion that there was a conspiracy is not entirely fanciful.

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Rueful

• / ˈruːfəl /
• rue: (ech. 嗚 => 哭泣聲 => 後悔) (n.) REGRET, SORROW 悔恨;悲嘆 (v.) to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret 悲嘆;痛悔,悔恨
  • penitence (pen: pain) the quality or state of being penitent : sorrow for sins or faults 懺悔;贖罪

    penitent (pen: pain，/ ˈpenətənt /) feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT 悔過的;懺悔的

  • remorse (mor: death) a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH 痛悔;自責
• exciting pity or sympathy : PITIABLE

  MOURNFUL, REGRETFUL

• 悲傷的;可憐的，悔恨的
• Jane looked at her with a rueful smile.
• rue <> content, satisfication (rue 有「不滿意而後悔」的意思)
• rueful <> impenitent
  • impenitent (im: not pen: pain) not penitent 頑迷的;不知悔改的

    penitent (pen: pain，/ ˈpenətənt /) feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT 悔過的;懺悔的

• longing : pine = remorse : rue (名詞動作)
  • longing a strong desire especially for something unattainable : CRAVING 渴望,熱望
  • pine
    • to lose vigor, health, or flesh (as through grief) : LANGUISH 消瘦,衰弱,憔悴 to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable 渴望
    • (n.) 松樹;松木;鳳梨 (pineapple)

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Bombastic

• / bɒmˈbæstɪk/
• marked by or given to bombast : POMPOUS, OVERBLOWN

  bombast (/ ˈbɒmbæst/) pretentious inflated speech or writing 炫耀誇張的言論或寫作

  • pompous (/ ˈpɒmpəs/)
    • excessively elevated or ornate 壯麗的;豪華的;盛大的
    • having or exhibiting self-importance : ARROGANT 愛炫耀的;浮誇的;自負的
    • relating to or suggestive of pomp : MAGNIFICENT 浮華的
  • hyperbolic (hyper: over) of, relating to, or marked by hyperbole 誇張的

    hyperbole (hyper: over，/ haɪˈpɜːbəli/) extravagant exaggeration (as "mile-high ice-cream cones") 誇張的語句

• 誇張的
• He is best known for three rather bombastic poems.
• bombast <> down to earth language
• bombastic <> understated, unpretentious
  • understated (under-stated) avoiding obvious emphasis or embellishment 輕描淡寫的;低調的
  • unpretentious (un-pretentious) free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation : MODEST 不矯飾的;不虛裝門面的;謙遜的
• equivocation : misleading, ambiguous = bromide : hackneyed = platitude : banal =

  bombast : pompous = epigram : wise = tirade : critical = paradox : contradictory = drivel : nonsensical(正面性質)(左邊是右邊性質的言論)

  • equivocation (equi: equal, voc: voice 相似的聲音 => 模稜兩可 / ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʆən/) to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive 用模稜兩可的話;含糊其辭
  • bromide (/ˈbroʊmaɪd/) a: a commonplace or tiresome person: BORE 陳腐庸俗的人 b: a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion 陳腐庸俗的話
  • epigram (epi: upon gram: words (ex: telegram (tele: far away))，/ ˈepəgræm /) 警句,雋語;機智的短詩;諷刺短詩
    • a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought
    • a terse, sage, or witty and often paradoxical saying
  • drivel (/ ˈdrɪvəl / )
    • to let saliva dribble from the mouth : SLAVER 淌口水 to talk stupidly and carelessly 胡說
    • to utter in an infantile or imbecilic way 幼稚低能地說 to waste or fritter in a childish fashion 小孩子般浪費
  • nonsensical (/ nɒnˈsensɪkəl/) 無意義的;荒謬的;愚蠢的

    nonsense (non: no sense)

    • a: words or language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas 無意義的話 language, conduct, or an idea that is absurd or contrary to good sense 胡說;胡鬧,愚蠢的舉動
    • things of no importance or value: TRIFLES 不重要的的東西 b: affected or impudent conduct 假裝或厚顏無恥的行為

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Ascetic

• / əˈsetɪk/
• practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline

  austere in appearance, manner, or attitude

  SEVERE, STERN, AUSTERE, ASCETIC mean given to or marked by strict discipline and firm restraint.

• 禁慾主義的;苦行的
• ascetic <> hedonist
  • ascetic 亦可當 n.： 禁欲主義者;苦行者
  • hedonist: (/ ˈhiːdənɪst /) 快樂主義者

    hedonism (/ ˈhiːdənɪsm/) the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or chief good in life 快樂主義 a way of life based on or suggesting the principles of hedonism 快樂主義生活

• Spartan, ascetic <> sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious
  • Spartan (/ ˈspɑːrtn/)
    • of or relating to Sparta in ancient Greece 斯巴達人的
    • marked by strict self-discipline or self-denial 斯巴達式的自律,克己
    • marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort 斯巴達式的簡樸、節約、刻苦
  • sybaritic (Sybarites: 某地的居民，愛奢侈享樂的人，/ ˌsɪbəˈrɪtɪk/) VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST 奢侈淫逸的
  • voluptuous (/ vəˈlʌptʆuəs /)
    • full of delight or pleasure to the senses : conducive to or arising from sensuous or sensual gratification : LUXURIOUS 滿足感官的;給人以快感的
    • suggesting sensual pleasure by fullness and beauty of form 感官享受的
    • given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications 縱情聲色的

      SENSUOUS, SENSUAL, LUXURIOUS, VOLUPTUOUS mean relating to or providing pleasure through gratification of the senses.

  • voluptuary (/ vəˈlʌptʆueri /) a person whose chief interests are luxury and the gratification of sensual appetites 沈迷於酒色的(人)
  • luxurious (/ləgˈʒʊəriəs/) marked by or given to self-indulgence 放縱自己的 of, relating to, or marked by luxury 奢侈的; of the finest and richest kind 精選的;豪華的
• glutton : overindulgence = ascetic : self-denial = busybody : intrusiveness, meddlesomeness, officiousness (具有性質)
  • busybody an officious or inquisitive person 愛管閒事的人
  • intrusiveness (intrude: 闖入;打擾 => 管閒事) 侵入,闖入;打擾

    intrusive a: characterized by intrusion b: intruding where one is not welcome or invited 侵入的,闖入的;打擾的 projecting inward 內凸的

    IMPERTINENT, OFFICIOUS, MEDDLESOME, INTRUSIVE, OBTRUSIVE mean given to thrusting oneself into the affairs of others.

    intrusion

    • the act of intruding or the state of being intruded; especially : the act of wrongfully entering upon, seizing, or taking possession of the property of another 侵入;闖入;打擾
    • the forcible entry of molten rock or magma into or between other rock formations; also: the intruded magma 侵入;侵入岩漿

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Aromatic

• /ˌærəˈmætɪk/
• aro: air
• of, relating to, or having aroma: a: FRAGRANT 芳香的 b: having a strong smell 強烈氣味的 c: having a distinctive quality 不同質量的

  【化】芳香族的

  (n.) an aromatic plant or plant part; especially: an aromatic herb or spice 芳香植物 an aromatic organic compound 芳香劑

  ODOROUS, FRAGRANT, REDOLENT, AROMATIC mean emitting and diffusing scent.

  aroma (/əˈroʊmə/)

  • a: a distinctive pervasive and usually pleasant or savory smell; broadly : ODOR b : the odor of a wine imparted by the grapes from which it is made (植物、酒、菜肴等的)芳香,香氣,香味
  • a distinctive quality or atmosphere : FLAVOR 氣味;風味

• This kind of massage is a gentle treatment using aromatic oils.
• redolent, aromatic, fragrant : smell = piquant, savory : taste = melodious : hear (五官感覺對應)
  • fragrant (/ ˈfreɪgrənt /) marked by fragrance 香的,芳香的 (同義字見上)

    fragrance (/ ˈfreɪgrəns /) a sweet or delicate odor (as of fresh flowers, pine trees, or perfume) b: something (as a perfume) compounded to give off a sweet or pleasant odor 香味

  • melodious (melody，/ məˈloʊdiəs/) having a pleasing melody 旋律優美的,悅耳動聽的

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Acetic

• /əˈsiːtɪk/
• acid
• acetic acid a colorless pungent liquid acid C2H4O2 that is the chief acid of vinegar and that is used especially in synthesis (as of plastics)
• 【化】乙酸,醋酸

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Catholic

• / ˈkæθəlɪk /
• (often capitalized): of, relating to, or forming the church universal

  (often capitalized): of, relating to, or forming the ancient undivided Christian church or a church claiming historical continuity from it

  (capitalized): ROMAN CATHOLIC

  COMPREHENSIVE, UNIVERSAL; especially: broad in sympathies, tastes, or interests

• 天主教的，普遍的;廣泛的;包容一切的
• Whoever lived here before us had catholic tastes (=liked a lot of different things) .

  a catholic collection of records

• catholic <> narrow
• diocesan <> ecumenical
  • diocesan (/ daɪˈɒsəsən/) a bishop having jurisdiction over a diocese 主教管區的

    diocese (/ ˈdaɪəsəs /) the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop 主教轄區

  • ecumenical (/ ˌeːkjuˈmenɪkəl/) worldwide or general in extent, influence, or application 一般的,普遍的 of, relating to, or representing the whole of a body of churches 全基督教的
• ecumenism <> sectarianism
  • ecumenism (/ ˌeːkjuˈmenɪsəm/) ecumenical principles and practices especially as shown among religious groups (as Christian denominations) 【宗】泛基督教主義
  • sectarianism (sec: cut，/ sekˈteriənɪsəm/) 宗派主義;教派意識

    sectarin (sect: cut，/ sekˈteriən/)

    • (n.) an adherent of a sect (宗派) 宗派主義者 a narrow or bigoted person 心胸狹窄的人
    • (adj.) of, relating to, or characteristic of a sect or sectarian 宗派主義的 limited in character or scope : PAROCHIAL 偏執的;侷限的

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Caustic

• / ˈkɒːstɪk/
• cau: 音似「苛」 => 化學的「苛性鈉」會「腐蝕」，「刻薄」
• (n.) a caustic agent: as a : a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical action b : SODIUM HYDROXIDE

  the envelope of rays emanating from a point and reflected or refracted by a curved surface

  capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action : CORROSIVE

  marked by incisive sarcasm

  relating to or being the surface or curve of a caustic

  CAUSTIC, MORDANT, ACRID, SCATHING mean stingingly incisive.

  • corrosive (/ kəˈroʊsɪv) tending or having the power to corrode 腐蝕的;侵蝕性的 bitingly sarcastic 挖苦諷刺的

    corrode (/ kəˈroʊd/) to eat away by degrees as if by gnawing; especially: to wear away gradually usually by chemical action 腐蝕 to weaken or destroy gradually: UNDERMINE 漸次損害

    erode (/ɪˈroʊd /)

    • to diminish or destroy by degrees: a: to eat into or away by slow destruction of substance (as by acid, infection, or cancer) 侵蝕 b: to wear away by the action of water, wind, or glacial ice 水,風,冰河作用的侵蝕 c: to cause to deteriorate or disappear as if by eating or wearing away 磨損
    • to produce or form by eroding 侵蝕形成
• (n.) 【醫】腐蝕劑;【化】苛性鈉，【物】焦散曲線;焦散面

  (adj.) 腐蝕性的;苛性的，刻薄的,譏諷的,尖利刺人的，【物】焦散的

• Eliot appreciated Pound's caustic wit.
• <>: genial, kind
  • genial (/ ˈdʒiːniəl /) favorable to growth or comfort : MILD 宜人的;適宜的 marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness 和藹的,親切的 marked by genius 有才幹的

    GRACIOUS, CORDIAL, AFFABLE, GENIAL, SOCIABLE mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse.

• caustic : eat away(burn) = desiccant : dry (功用目的)
  • caustic 在此當 n.：腐蝕劑
  • 此題亦可以 burn 為題是因為 caustic 是化學物質的腐蝕，為灼熱的腐蝕
  • desiccant (/ ˈdesəkəbt/) a drying agent (as calcium chloride) 乾燥劑
• caustic : comment = pungent : odor (修飾對象)
  • caustic 在此為「挖苦諷刺」之意
• barb(criticism) : caustic = pan : harsh (正面性質)(左邊具右邊性質)
  • barb
    • a sharp projection extending backward (as from the point of an arrow or fishhook) and preventing easy extraction; also: a sharp projection with its point similarly oblique to something else (箭頭、魚鉤等的)倒鉤
    • a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment 帶刺的話
  • pan (平底鍋 => 煎) a harsh criticism 嚴厲的評論
  • harsh
    • having a coarse uneven surface that is rough or unpleasant to the touch 粗糙的
    • a: causing a disagreeable or painful sensory reaction: IRRITATING 刺耳的;澀口的;刺鼻的;刺目的 b: physically discomforting: PAINFUL 引起不舒服的
    • unduly(過份的) exacting(嚴格的) : SEVERE 過份嚴格的;嚴厲的;嚴酷的
    • lacking in aesthetic appeal or refinement: CRUDE 沒有加工粗陋的

      ROUGH, HARSH, UNEVEN, RUGGED, SCABROUS mean not smooth or even.

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Chaotic

• / keɪˈɒtɪk/
• chaos (/ ˈkeɪ-ɒs/)
  • a state of things in which chance is supreme; especially : the confused unorganized state of primordial matter before the creation of distinct forms (宇宙形成前的)混沌
  • the inherent unpredictability in the behavior of a natural system (as the atmosphere, boiling water, or the beating heart) 自然系統行為的內在不可預測性
  • a: a state of utter confusion 全然困惑;混亂 b: a confused mass or mixture 雜亂的一團
• disjointed
• 混亂的;雜亂無章的;無秩序的
• Newscasts continued to broadcast images of the chaotic minutes after the shooting.
• <>: strictly featured (「混亂的」沒有特定特性)
• chaos : predictability = pallor : color (缺乏) (左邊的東西缺乏右邊的東西)
  • pallor (pal: pale 蒼白 => 無色澤 ex: pallid) deficiency of color especially of the face: PALENESS 缺乏色澤，(臉色等的)蒼白,灰白

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Cryptic

• / ˈkrɪptɪk /
• crypto: 隱藏的,祕密的
• SECRET, OCCULT

  a: having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous meaning: MYSTERIOUS b: marked by an often perplexing brevity

  serving to conceal; also: exhibiting cryptic coloration

  UNRECOGNIZED

  employing cipher or code

  OBSCURE, DARK, VAGUE, ENIGMATIC, CRYPTIC, AMBIGUOUS, EQUIVOCAL mean not clearly understandable.

  GRE 5 「難以理解」: cryptic, occult, abstruse, recondite, opaque

• 神秘難懂的，似有潛藏意義的，令人困惑地簡潔的，隱藏的，為隱藏而扭曲的，未被認出的，使用密碼的
• a cryptic note at the end of the letter
• <>: self-explanatory
• cipher : cryptic = precis : concise (物件性質)
  • cipher (cypher，/ ˈsaɪfər/)
    • ZERO 零(即0) one that has no weight, worth, or influence : NONENTITY 無足輕重的人;無價值的東西
    • a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning 為掩藏意義將文字編碼的方法 a message in code 其掩藏的訊息
    • ARABIC NUMERAL 阿拉伯數字
    • a combination of symbolic letters; especially: the interwoven initials of a name 文字的組合;花押字
    • (v.) to use figures in a mathematical process (用算術)計算 ENCIPHER 使用密碼
  • precis ((fr.)，/preɪˈsiː /) a concise summary of essential points, statements, or facts 大意;概略;摘錄
  • concise marked by brevity of expression or statement : free from all elaboration and superfluous detail 簡明的,簡潔的; cut short : BRIEF 簡要的

    CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.

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Dogmatic

• / dɒgˈmætɪk/
• characterized by or given to the use of dogmatism(武斷)

  of or relating to dogma

  DICTATORIAL, MAGISTERIAL, DOGMATIC, DOCTRINAIRE, ORACULAR mean imposing one's will or opinions on others.

• 武斷的;固執己見的，教義的,教條的
• dogma (<>: heresy)
  • something held as an established opinion; especially: a definite authoritative tenet (教會等的)教義,教理,教條;信條
  • a point of view or tenet put forth as authoritative without adequate grounds 武斷的意見
  • a doctrine or body of doctrines concerning faith or morals formally stated and authoritatively proclaimed by a church 教義
• dogmatism 武斷
  • positiveness in assertion of opinion especially when unwarranted or arrogant
  • a viewpoint or system of ideas based on insufficiently examined premises
• Her staff find her bossy(愛指使人的) and dogmatic.
• dogma : iconoclast = convention : maverick (人物對象)
  • iconoclast (/ aɪˈkɒnəklæst/) one who destroys religious images or opposes their veneration 反對崇拜聖像者 one who attacks settled beliefs or institutions(制度習俗) 偶像破壞者
  • convention usage or custom especially in social matters 慣例,習俗;常規
  • maverick
    • an unbranded range animal; especially: a motherless calf 未烙印的小牛(或其他牲口)
    • an independent individual who does not go along with a group or party 不服從的人;持不同意見的人

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Encomiastic

• /ˌenkomiˈæstɪk/
• encomiast (/ɪnˈkomiæst/) one that praises : EULOGIST 讚美者

  encomium (/ ɪnˈkoʊmiəm/) glowing(光輝) and warmly enthusiastic praise; also: an expression of this 讚頌;頌詞

  ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION mean a formal expression of praise.

  GRE 「讚美」：(n.) encomium, panegyric, eulogy, accolade, laud

  • eulogy (eu: beautiful log: speak) a commendatory formal statement or set oration 頌詞; high praise 讚頌
  • laud (v.) PRAISE, EXTOL 讚美 (n.) PRAISE, ACCLAIM 讚美;喝采
• 讚頌(者)的
• encomium <> harsh criticism
• encomiast : eulogize = quibbler : cavil (人物動作)
  • eulogize (eu: beautiful log: speak，/ˈjuːlədʒaɪz/) to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL 頌揚
  • GRE 「挑剔」: quibbler, cavil, carp

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Esoteric

• / ˌesəˈterɪk/
• eso: inner (exo: outer)
• a: designed for or understood by the specially initiated(已入門的;已入會的) alone b: of or relating to knowledge that is restricted to a small group

  a: limited to a small circle b: PRIVATE, CONFIDENTIAL

• 祕傳的,難理解的，限於圈內人的，隱密的;機密的
• the esoteric world of scientific supercomputing
• <>: generally known
• prescience : future = erudition : esoterica (對象類比)
  • prescience (pre，science: know => 看到前面 => 預知，/ˈpreʆəns/) (<>: myopia 近視;短視)

    foreknowledge of events: a: divine omniscience b: human anticipation of the course of events : FORESIGHT 預知;先見

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Fantastic

• / fænˈtæstɪk /
• a: based on fantasy: not real b: conceived or seemingly conceived by unrestrained fancy c: so extreme as to challenge belief: UNBELIEVABLE; broadly: exceedingly large or great

  marked by extravagant fantasy or extreme individuality : ECCENTRIC

  EXCELLENT, SUPERLATIVE

  FANTASTIC, BIZARRE, GROTESQUE mean conceived, made, or carried out without adherence to truth or reality.

  IMAGINARY, FANCIFUL, VISIONARY, FANTASTIC, CHIMERICAL, QUIXOTIC mean unreal or unbelievable.

• 想像中的,想像出來的,非真實的，極大的;難以置信的,驚人的，奇異的;古怪的，極好的,了不起的
• It's a fantastic place, really beautiful!

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Frantic

• / ˈfræntɪk /
• fran: free => 太過自由 => 狂暴
• emotionally out of control

  marked by fast and nervous, disordered, or anxiety-driven activity

  • frenzied, frenetic
• (因喜悅,憤怒等)發狂似的，狂暴的,狂亂的
• I spent three frantic days trying to get everything ready.

Frenetic

• / freˈnetɪk /
• fren: free => 太過自由 => 狂暴
• FRENZIED, FRANTIC
• 發狂似的;狂熱的，精神錯亂的
• As competition shifts towards a more frenetic pace of activity, so the need to clear the cash.
• frenetic : movement = fanatical : belief (修飾對象) (左邊是狂熱的右邊)
  • fanatical (/ fəˈnætɪkl/) 狂熱的;入迷的

    fanatic (/ fəˈnætɪk /) marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion(奉獻) 狂熱的;入迷的 (n.) 狂熱者;盲信者

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Laconic

• / ləˈkɒnɪk/
• lacon: Lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名
• using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious

  CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.

• 簡潔的,簡明的(甚至看似粗略,難理解)
• (laconic, succinct), (reticent, taciturn) <> voluble, loquacious, garrulous
  • loquacious (loqu: speak，/loʊˈkweɪʆəs/) full of excessive talk : WORDY 多話的; given to fluent or excessive talk : GARRULOUS 非常健談的;多話的

    TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE mean given to talk or talking.

• laconism <> verbosity, verbiage
  • laconism (/ ləˈkɒnɪsm/) brevity or terseness of expression or style 簡潔 a laconic expression 簡潔之語句
  • verbiage (/ ˈvɜːbiedʒ/) a profusion of words usually of little or obscure content 廢話;冗詞 manner of expressing oneself in words : DICTION 用語;措詞
• audacious : trepidation = laconic : garrulity (反面性質)

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Lethargic

• / lɪˈθɑːrdʒɪk/
• of, relating to, or characterized by lethargy : SLUGGISH

  INDIFFERENT, APATHETIC

  • sluggish (sluggard)
    • averse to activity or exertion: INDOLENT; also: TORPID 不大想動的;懶散的
    • slow to respond 緩慢的,遲鈍的
    • markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth 遲緩的 economically inactive or slow 蕭條的;遲緩的
  • indifferent (in: not different => 沒有不同 => 一視同仁，不偏不倚 => 冷淡)
    • marked by impartiality : UNBIASED 不偏不倚的;中立的
    • of no importance or value one way or the other 不重要的,無關緊要的
    • marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something : APATHETIC 不感興趣的;不關心的;冷淡的
    • being neither good nor bad : MEDIOCRE 中等的;一般性的;平庸的
  • apathetic (a: not pathetic，/ ˌæpəˈθetɪk/)

    having or showing little or no feeling or emotion : SPIRITLESS 無感情的;無動於衷的 having little or no interest or concern : INDIFFERENT 冷淡的

    pathetic having a capacity to move one to either compassionate or contemptuous pity 引起憐憫的;可憐的;可悲的 marked by sorrow or melancholy : SAD 可悲的

    MOVING, IMPRESSIVE, POIGNANT, AFFECTING, TOUCHING, PATHETIC mean having the power to produce deep emotion.

• 瞌睡的;愛睡的，不活潑的;無生氣的，冷漠的;無動於衷的
• The hot weather was making us all lethargic.
• <>: vigorous (vigor)
  • possessing vigor: full of physical or mental strength or active force: STRONG 精力充沛的;壯健的
  • done with vigor : carried out forcefully and energetically 強有力的

    VIGOROUS, ENERGETIC, STRENUOUS, LUSTY, NERVOUS mean having or showing great vitality and force.

• somatic <> spiritual
  • somatic (/soˈmætɪk/)
    • of, relating to, or affecting the body especially as distinguished from the germ plasm or the psyche 身體的;軀體的
    • of or relating to the wall of the body : PARIETAL 身體內壁的
• 與「睡眠」有關： sedative, soporific, drowsy, lethargic

  vaccinating : immunity = soporific, sedative : sleep, drowsiness (左邊導致右邊)

  • vaccination (/ ˌvæksəˈneɪʆən /) the act of vaccinating 種痘;接種 the scar left by vaccinating 牛痘疤

    vaccinate (/ ˈvæksəneɪt /) to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in order to produce immunity to smallpox 種牛痘;注射疫苗 to administer a vaccine to usually by injection 接種疫苗

    vaccine (亦可當 adj.，/ ˈvæksiːn/) matter or a preparation containing the virus of cowpox in a form used for vaccination 疫苗

  • soporific (/ˌsɒpəˈrɪfɪk/)
    • causing or tending to cause sleep 催眠的 tending to dull awareness or alertness 讓人失去警覺的 of, relating to, or marked by sleepiness or lethargy 睡眠的
    • (n.) a soporific agent; specifically : HYPNOTIC 催眠劑
  • sedative (sed: sit => 平靜，/ ˈsedətɪv /)
    • tending to calm, moderate, or tranquilize nervousness or excitement 使安靜的;使鎮靜的
    • (n.) a sedative agent or drug 鎮靜劑;能使安靜的東西
  • drowsiness (drowsy: 昏昏欲睡的，/ ˈdraʊzənɪs/) 睡意;困倦;昏睡

    drowsy ready to fall asleep 昏昏欲睡的 inducing or tending to induce sleep 催眠的,使人昏昏欲睡的 INDOLENT, LETHARGIC 懶散的,無活力的

• letahrgic : stimulate = skeptical : convince (動作對象)(把左邊形容詞轉成名詞來看，左邊消除右邊)
  • skeptical (/ ˈskeptɪkəl /) relating to, characteristic of, or marked by skepticism 懷疑論的，懷疑的

    skepticism (/ ˈskeptɪsɪzəm /)

    • an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object 懷疑的態度
    • the doctrine that true knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is uncertain 懷疑論

      the method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt, or criticism characteristic of skeptics 懷疑論

    • doubt concerning basic religious principles (as immortality(不朽), providence(天意), and revelation(神示)) 懷疑宗教原則的

      UNCERTAINTY, DOUBT, DUBIETY, SKEPTICISM, SUSPICION, MISTRUST mean lack of sureness about someone or something.

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Nomadic

• / noʊˈmædɪk/
• of, relating to, or characteristic of nomads

  roaming about from place to place aimlessly, frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement

  nomad ((諾曼人，游牧民族，/ ˈnoʊmæd/) (也可當 adj.)

  • member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory 遊牧民
  • an individual who roams about aimlessly 流浪者
• 遊牧的;流浪的
• The son of an airforce pilot, he had a somewhat nomadic childhood.
• nomad : domicile = freeelancer : employer (固定不固定)
  • freelancer (free) (不受雇於人的)自由工作者
    • a person who acts independently without being affiliated with or authorized by an organization
    • a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer

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Phlegmatic

• / flegˈmætɪk /
• phlegm 痰 => 病厭厭，無活力
• resembling, consisting of, or producing the humor phlegm

  having or showing a slow and stolid temperament

  IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.

  phlegm (/ flem /，g 不發音)

  • the one of the four humors in early physiology that was considered to be cold and moist and to cause sluggishness 遲鈍
  • viscid(黏的) mucus(黏液) secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory(呼吸的) passages 痰;黏液
  • a: dull or apathetic coldness or indifference 冷淡 intrepid coolness or calm fortitude 鎮定
• 多痰的;黏液質的，冷淡的;遲鈍的，鎮定的
• The taxi driver, a phlegmatic man in middle age, showed no surprise at this request.
• <>: spirited, vivacious, lively
  • spirited full of energy, animation, or courage 活潑的;生氣勃勃的;猛烈的
  • vivacious (vivid 有生氣的;活潑的;清晰的;鮮明的，/ vɪˈveɪʆəs/) lively in temper, conduct, or spirit : SPRIGHTLY 活潑的;快活的;有生氣的

    LIVELY, ANIMATED, VIVACIOUS, SPRIGHTLY, GAY mean keenly alive and spirited.

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Politic

• / ˈpɒlətɪk/
• policy: 政策;策略;手段
• POLITICAL

  characterized by shrewdness(精明，wise) in managing, contriving, or dealing

  sagacious in promoting a policy

  shrewdly tactful

  EXPEDIENT, POLITIC, ADVISABLE mean dictated by practical or prudent motives.

  SUAVE, URBANE, DIPLOMATIC, BLAND, SMOOTH, POLITIC mean pleasantly tactful and well-mannered.

  • sapient, sagacious, judicious, tactful

    WISE, SAGE, SAPIENT, JUDICIOUS, PRUDENT, SENSIBLE, SANE mean having or showing sound judgment.

    • sagacious (sage，/ səˈgeɪʆəs /) a: of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment: DISCERNING b: caused by or indicating acute discernment 睿智的;有遠見的;聰慧的
    • judicious (judge，/ dʒuːˈdɪʆəs /) having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment : DISCREET 有見識的;明斷的;明智而審慎的
    • tactful having or showing tact 機智的;圓滑的;老練的;乖巧的

      tact sensitive mental or aesthetic perception 靈敏的感覺 a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense 老練;機智;得體;圓滑

• 政治的，精明的,有策略的，(計劃、言行等)考慮周到的，狡猾的,機智的
• It would not be politic to ignore the reporters.
• <>: not sagacious, injudicious, tactless, unsophiscated
  • injudicious (in: not judicious) not judicious(judicious 見上) : INDISCREET, UNWISE 不明智的;缺乏判斷力的，不慎重的
  • tactless (tact，less) marked by lack of tact(tact 見上) 不機智的;笨拙的;不圓滑的;不策略的
  • unsophiscated (un: not sophiscated)
    • not sophisticated: as a: not changed or corrupted: GENUINE 純真的
    • b1: not worldly-wise : lacking social or economic sophistication 不世故的 b2: lacking complexity of structure: SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD 不複雜的,簡單的

      NATURAL, INGENUOUS, NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED, ARTLESS mean free from pretension or calculation.

  • sophiscated
    • not in a natural, pure, or original state : ADULTERATED 不純真的
    • deprived of native or original simplicity: as a: highly complicated or developed: COMPLEX 複雜的,精密的,高度發展的

      b: having a refined knowledge of the ways of the world cultivated especially through wide experience 富有經驗的;精通的

    • devoid of grossness: as a: finely experienced and aware b: intellectually appealing 老於世故的，不落俗套的,精緻的

      SOPHISTICATED, WORLDLY-WISE, BLASE mean experienced in the ways of the world.

  • sophism an argument apparently correct in form but actually invalid; especially : such an argument used to deceive 詭辯
• politic : offend = aloof : associate (反面性質)(左邊不會作右邊動作)

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Prolific

• / prəˈlɪfɪk /
• proli: 大量 (ex: prolix 冗長的;說話囉嗦的) fic: make
• producing young or fruit especially freely : FRUITFUL

  marked by abundant inventiveness or productivity

  FERTILE, FECUND, FRUITFUL, PROLIFIC mean producing or capable of producing offspring or fruit.

• 多產的，富於創造力的，豐富的,富饒的
• Ansle is a prolific writer of more than 200 romances.
• prolific <> barren
  • barren (bar: stop，/ˈbærən /) not reproducing 不生育的,不妊的 not productive as producing little or no vegetation : DESOLATE (土地等)貧瘠的,荒蕪的,不毛的

    DEVOID, LACKING 沒有的,缺乏的 lacking interest, information, or charm，DULL, UNRESPONSIVE 沈悶無趣的

• proliferate <> dwindle
  • proliferate (/ prəˈlɪfəreɪt /) to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring (使)增殖;(使)擴散 to increase in number as if by proliferating: MULTIPLY (使)激增;
  • dwindle (/ ˈdwɪndl /) to become steadily less : SHRINK 漸漸穩穩地減少

    DECREASE, LESSEN, DIMINISH, REDUCE, ABATE, DWINDLE mean to grow or make less.

• expand : volume = proliferate : number (對象關係)(左邊增加右邊)
  • volume 在此當「體積,容量」

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Prosaic

• / proʊˈzeɪ-ɪk/
• prose: 散文 => 相較小說, 詩較沒有想像力、較不有趣
• a: characteristic of prose as distinguished from poetry : FACTUAL b: DULL, UNIMAGINATIVE

  EVERYDAY, ORDINARY

  • quotidian (quot: everyday，/ kwəʊˈtɪdiən/)(可比上 marvel 「反面性質」)

    occurring every day 每日發生的 belonging to each day: EVERYDAY 每天的 quotidian routine COMMONPLACE, ORDINARY 司空見慣的;平凡的

• 散文的,散文體的，普通的,乏味的,平凡的
• The reality, however, is probably more prosaic.
• <>: exciting, imaginary, extraordinary, exceptional
  • exceptional (exception)
    • forming an exception : RARE 例外的;罕有的
    • better than average : SUPERIOR 優秀的;卓越的
    • deviating from the norm: as a: having above or below average intelligence b: physically handicapped 特殊的;異常的
• insipid : flavor, invention = ruthless, pitiless, relentless : mercy = prosaic : imagination (反面性質) (左邊缺乏右邊)
  • invention (invent)
    • DISCOVERY, FINDING 發現
    • productive imagination : INVENTIVENESS 創造力,發明才能
    • something invented: as (1) : a product of the imagination; especially: a false conception 捏造,虛構 (2): a device, contrivance, or process originated after study and experiment 發明物,創作品
    • the act or process of inventing 發明,創造
  • ruthless having no ruth : MERCILESS, CRUEL 無情的,殘忍的;硬著心腸下定決心的

    ruth compassion for the misery of another 同情 sorrow for one's own faults : REMORSE 悲哀;悔恨

  • pitiless (pity，less) devoid of pity : MERCILESS 無同情心的;無情的,冷酷的
  • relentless showing or promising no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace : UNRELENTING 殘酷的,無情的，不間斷的,持續不懈的

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Quxitoic

• / kwɪkˈsɒtɪk/
• Quixote: 唐吉訶德的「訶德」 => 不切實際地追求理想
• foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals; especially: marked by rash lofty romantic ideas or extravagantly chivalrous action

  CAPRICIOUS, UNPREDICTABLE

  IMAGINARY, FANCIFUL, VISIONARY, FANTASTIC, CHIMERICAL, QUIXOTIC mean unreal or unbelievable.

• 唐吉訶德式的;狂想的;不能實現的，善變的;不可預測的
• This is a vast, exciting, and perhaps quixotic project.
• <>: displaying consistently pratical behavior
• quixotic : idealistic = touchy : sensitive (程度類比)
  • touchy
    • marked by readiness to take offense on slight provocation 一受小挑釁就發怒的;一觸即發的
    • a(of a body part): acutely sensitive or irritable 敏感的;過敏的 b(of a chemical): highly explosive or inflammable 易燃的
    • calling for tact, care, or caution in treatment 需要悉心照料的
• 粉紅寶刪除字中有考的：
  • testy easily annoyed : IRRITABLE 易怒的 marked by impatience or ill humor 沒耐心的;壞脾氣的
  • nugatory (/ ˈnjuːgətɔːri/) of little or no consequence : TRIFLING, INCONSEQUENTIAL 無效的;無價值的 having no force : INOPERATIVE 無力的;無效力的

    VAIN, NUGATORY, OTIOSE, IDLE, EMPTY, HOLLOW mean being without worth or significance.

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Spasmodic

• / spæzˈmɒdɪk/
• spasm: fit 一陣
• an involuntary and abnormal muscular contraction

  a sudden violent and temporary effort or emotion

• 抽筋的，短暫發作的
• spasmodic machine gun fire
• spasmodic : continuation, continuity (反面性質)

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Splenetic

• / spləˈnetɪk /
• splen: spleen 脾臟 => 壞脾氣
• marked by bad temper, malevolence(惡毒), or spite(惡意)
• 容易發怒的;壞心眼的
• <>: genial (/ ˈdʒiːniəl /) favorable to growth or comfort: MILD 宜人的;適宜的 marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness 和藹的,親切的 marked by genius 有才幹的

  GRACIOUS, CORDIAL, AFFABLE, GENIAL, SOCIABLE mean markedly pleasant and easy in social intercourse.

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Sporadic

• / spəˈrædɪk /
• sporad: spread => 分散 => 零星發生
• occurring occasionally, singly, or in scattered instances

  INFREQUENT, UNCOMMON, SCARCE, RARE, SPORADIC mean not common or abundant.

• 偶爾發生的，零星發生的
• There has been sporadic violence downtown.
• <>: chronic, frequent
  • chronic (chron: time)
    • marked by long duration or frequent recurrence: not acute 長時間或常發生的;非急性的 suffering from a chronic disease 慢性病的
    • always present or encountered; especially: constantly vexing, weakening, or troubling 長期的,不斷的 being such habitually 慣常的,習慣性的

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Sycophantic

• / ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk/
• of, relating to, or characteristic of a sycophant : FAWNING, OBSEQUIOUS

  sycophant (/ ˈsɪkəfənt /) a servile self-seeking flatterer 諂媚者;奉承者

  PARASITE, SYCOPHANT, TOADY, LEECH, SPONGE mean a usually obsequious flatterer or self-seeker.

• 奉承的;諂媚的
• a dictator surrounded by sycophants
• sycophant : fawn = miser : hoard = dandy : preen = pundit : opine = augur : predict = reprobate : misbehave (人物動作)
  • miser (/ ˈmaɪzər/) a mean grasping person; especially: one who is extremely stingy with money 吝嗇鬼;守財奴 (adj. miserly)
  • hoard (/hɔːrd /) (miser 深一層區別含意有「愛收藏的守財奴」)
    • (n.) a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away 貯藏的錢財;貯藏物;密藏物
    • (v.) to lay up a hoard of 貯藏,隱藏 to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself 還是埋藏給自己
  • dandy (/ ˈdændi /)
    • (n.) a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance 好時髦的男子;愛打扮的男生 something excellent in its class 第一流的東西(或人)
    • (adj.) of, relating to, or suggestive of a dandy : FOPPISH 服飾浮華的;花花公子的 very good : FIRST-RATE 上等的,極好的
  • preen (/ priːn /) to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP 精心打扮 to trim or dress with a bill (鳥)用喙理(毛) to pride or congratulate (oneself) for achievement 自我慶祝
  • pundit (pandit: 印度權威學者，/ ˈpʌndɪt/ ) a learned man : TEACHER 博學的人 one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner : CRITIC 權威者
  • opine (opinion，/ oʊˈpaɪn/) to express opinions 發表意見
  • augur (/ ˈɔːgər/) one held to foretell events by omens 占卜師;預言者

    「預言家」整理： augur, oracle, prophet

• sycophant : flattery = extortionist : initmidation = rival : competition (人物性質)
  • flattery the act or practice of flattering 諂媚的舉動 something that flatters 奉承之物 insincere(不誠實的;無誠意的) or excessive praise 阿諛之辭

    flatter to praise excessively especially from motives of self-interest 諂媚;奉承

  • extortionist (/ ɪkˈstɔːrʆənɪst/) one that extorts especially money or other property 敲詐者;勒索者;強奪者

    extort to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or illegal power: WRING; also: to gain especially by ingenuity or compelling argument 勒索;強佔;牽強地引出

• sycophant : obsequious = libertine : dissolute = wag : humorous = dolt : stupid = narcissist : self-absorbed (人物性質)
  • libertine (liber: liberty，/ ˈlɪbərtiːn/) a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality; specifically: one leading a dissolute life 放蕩者;玩樂者
  • wag (wise)
    • WIT, JOKER 愛說笑打趣的人,能言善辯的人
    • (v.) to move to and fro or up and down especially with quick jerky motions 搖,搖擺,搖動
    • (v.) to move in chatter or gossip 議論紛紛 scandal caused tongues to wag
  • dolt (dull) a stupid person 笨蛋;傻瓜
  • narcissist (/ ˈnɑːrsɪst/) EGOISM, EGOCENTRISM 利己主義者;自我本位者;自我陶醉者

    (希臘神話美少男看見自己在水中的倒影讚嘆不已不忍離去，終成水仙花)

  • self-absorbed absorbed in one's own thoughts, activities, or interests 自私的;專心於自己的事務(或利益)的
• frugality, provident : penurious = deference : sycophantic (程度類比) (左邊小於右邊，左邊正、右邊負)
  • deference respect and esteem due a superior or an elder; also: affected or ingratiating regard for another's wishes 敬意,尊敬;服從;遵從

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Titanic

• / taɪˈtænɪk /
• 以「鐵達尼號」來記 => 巨大
• having great magnitude, force, or power : COLOSSAL
• 巨大的,力大無比的
• a titanic struggle between the forces of good and evil

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Toxic

• / ˈtɒksɪk/
• toxin a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable, notably toxic when introduced into the tissues, and typically capable of inducing antibody formation 【生化】毒素,毒質
• of, relating to, or caused by a poison or toxin

  affected by a poison or toxin

  POISONOUS

  (n.) a toxic substance

  GRE 4 「毒」

  • virulent (「病毒」之毒)
  • poisonous (poison，「毒藥」之毒) having the properties or effects of poison : VENOMOUS 有毒的; DESTRUCTIVE, HARMFUL 有害的 SPITEFUL, MALICIOUS 惡毒的,有惡意的
  • venomous (venom，「蛇蝎」之毒，/ ˈvenəməs /)
    • full of venom: as a: POISONOUS, ENVENOMED 有毒的 b: NOXIOUS, PERNICIOUS 有毒的 c: SPITEFUL, MALEVOLENT 惡毒的,有惡意的
    • having a venom-producing gland and able to inflict a poisoned wound 有毒腺的
  • toxic (「化學」之毒，可當 n.) of, relating to, or caused by a poison or toxin 毒(性)的 affected by a poison or toxin 中毒的 POISONOUS 有害的;惡毒的
  • malignant (mal: bad，/ məˈlɪgnənt /)
    • evil in nature, influence, or effect: INJURIOUS 有惡意的,邪惡的 passionately and relentlessly malevolent: aggressively malicious 極有害的
    • tending to produce death or deterioration; especially: tending to infiltrate, metastasize, and terminate fatally 【醫】惡性的,致命的
• 毒(性)的,有毒的，中毒的
• fumes from a toxic waste dump

  Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river.

• <>: salubrious, salutary, beneficial, wholesome

  HEALTHFUL, WHOLESOME, SALUBRIOUS, SALUTARY mean favorable to the health of mind or body.

  HEALTHY, SOUND, WHOLESOME, ROBUST, HALE, WELL mean enjoying or indicative of good health.

  • wholesome (whole: 身心兼健康)
    • promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit 心靈健康的
    • promoting health of body 身體健康的
    • a: sound in body, mind, or morals 身心健康的 b: having the simple health or vigor of normal domesticity 健康的;強健的;生氣勃勃的
    • a: based on well-grounded fear : PRUDENT 審慎的 b: SAFE 安全的
• venom : toxin = milk : nutrient (具有)
  • venom (/ ˈvenəm /)
    • poisonous matter normally secreted by some animals (as snakes, scorpions, or bees) and transmitted to prey or an enemy chiefly by biting or stinging; broadly : material that is poisonous (蛇、蜘蛛等的)毒液
    • ILL WILL, MALEVOLENCE 怨恨;痛恨;惡毒
• venom : toxic = placebo : innocuous = slave : unctuous (正面性質)
  • venom 見上
  • placebo (please，/ pləˈsiːboʊ /)
    • a medication prescribed more for the mental relief of the patient than for its actual effect on a disorder 寬心丸(心理效用的藥)
    • an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance (as a drug) 實驗用無害惰性物質(以比較其他藥物效用)
    • something tending to soothe 安慰劑
  • innocous (in: not noc: harm，/ ɪˈnɒkjuəs/)

    producing no injury : HARMLESS 無害的 not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID 不傷人的;不刺激的

  • salve (/sæv /) (亦可當 v.)

    an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or sores 軟膏,油膏,藥膏 a remedial or soothing influence or agency 緩解物;安慰(物);慰藉

  • unctuous (unct: oil，/ ˈʌŋktʆuəs /)
    • a: FATTY, OILY b: smooth and greasy in texture or appearance 油的;油膏的
    • PLASTIC 滑順似油的 fine unctuous clay
    • full of unction; especially: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality 油腔滑調的;甜言蜜語的
• detoxification : poison = neutralization : acid (對象類比)(左邊解除右邊)
  • detoxification (de: not toxi: toxic) 【生化】解毒;解毒作用

    detoxify (de: not toxi: toxic)

    • a: to remove a poison or toxin or the effect of such from 解毒 b: to render (a harmful substance) harmless 去除毒性
    • to free (as a drug user or an alcoholic) from an intoxicating or an addictive substance in the body or from dependence on or addiction to such a substance 戒毒
  • neturalization (neutral: 中性的 => 中和酸性，/ ˌnjuːtrəlaɪˈzeɪʆən/) an act or process of neutralizing 中和化 the quality or state of being neutralized 中和性

    neutralize (neutral: 中性的 => 中和酸性，/ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz/)

    • to make chemically neutral，to make electrically inert by combining equal positive and negative quantities 【化】【電】中和
    • a: to counteract the activity or effect of : make ineffective 抵銷;變無效 b: KILL, DESTROY 抵銷;破壞
• detoxify : poison = dehydrate : water = desiccate : moisture (動作對象)(左邊解除右邊)
  • detoxify 見上
  • dehydrate (de: down hydra: water，/ ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪt/)
    • to remove bound water or hydrogen and oxygen from (a chemical compound) in the proportion in which they form water 脫水;使乾燥
    • to remove water from (as foods) 脫水;使乾燥
    • to deprive of vitality or savor 奪走活力,風味
  • desiccate (/ ˈdesɪkeɪt/) to dry up 使乾燥 to preserve (a food) by drying : DEHYDRATE 使脫水 to drain of emotional or intellectual vitality 使流失活力
  • moisture liquid diffused or condensed in relatively small quantity 濕氣,潮氣;水分
• ductility : malleable = toxicity : poisonous (正面性質)
  • ductility (/ dʌkˈtɪləti /) 延展性;柔軟性;溫順

    ductile (/ ˈdʌktl/) capable of being drawn out or hammered thin 易延展的 easily led or influenced 易教導的 capable of being fashioned into a new form 可塑的

    PLASTIC, PLIABLE, PLIANT, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, ADAPTABLE mean susceptible of being modified in form or nature.

• anesthetic : numbness = indoxicant : drunkenness (藥物引起)
  • anesthetic (/ ˌænəsˈθetɪk/)
    • a substance that produces anesthesia 麻醉劑
    • something that brings relief : PALLIATIVE 緩和劑
    • (adj.) of, relating to, or capable of producing anesthesia 麻醉的
    • (adj.) lacking awareness or sensitivity 麻木的
  • anesthesia (/ ˌænəsˈθiːʒə/) loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness 【醫】麻醉;麻木
  • numbness (/ ˈnʌmnɪs /) 無感覺,麻木;驚呆

    numb (/ ˈnʌm/) devoid of sensation especially as a result of cold or anesthesia 失去感覺的,麻木的 devoid of emotion : INDIFFERENT 無情緒的;冷漠的

  • intoxicant (in: into toxic) something that intoxicates; especially : an alcoholic drink 麻醉品;酒類 (亦可當 adj.: 可致醉的，令人陶醉的)

    intoxicate (in: into toxic)

    • to excite or stupefy by alcohol or a drug especially to the point where physical and mental control is markedly diminished 使麻醉;使興奮;使喝醉
    • to excite or elate to the point of enthusiasm or frenzy 使陶醉;使狂
• anesthetic : alertness, sensation = analgesic : pain (藥物消除)
  • alertness 警覺;機警

    alert (adj.) watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency 警覺的 quick to perceive and act 機敏的 ACTIVE, BRISK 活躍的 (另可當 v.，n.: 警戒; 警報)

  • analgesic (alg: pain，/ ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/ ) 止痛劑

    analgesia (alg: pain，/ ˌænəlˈdʒiːziə/) insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness 止痛

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Vitriolic

• / ˌvɪtriˈɒlɪk/
• vitrio: glass => 銳利 => 刻薄的
• vitriol (/ ˈvɪtriəl /) a: a sulfate of any of various metals (as copper, iron, or zinc); especially: a glassy hydrate of such a sulfate 【化】硫酸(鹽);礬

  something felt to resemble vitriol especially in caustic quality; especially: virulence of feeling or of speech 尖刻的話

• 刻薄的
• She attacked him in a vitriolic seven-page letter to the newspaper.
• <>: smooth 圓滑的,迎合討好的

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Bantering

• / ˈbæntərɪŋ/
• banter (/ ˈbæntər/)
  • (v.) to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner (善意地)取笑,逗弄; to speak or act playfully or wittily 開玩笑;談笑
  • (n.) good-natured and usually witty and animated joking (善意的)取笑,戲謔,逗弄
• jocular, jocose, waggish
• 開玩笑的
• lighthearted and amusing banter
• playful : banter = exaggerated : hyperbole (正面性質)
  • playful full of play : FROLICSOME, SPORTIVE 愛玩耍的,嬉戲的 HUMOROUS, JOCULAR 開玩笑的
  • exaggerate
    • to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth: OVERSTATE 誇張,誇大;對...言過其實 I couldn't sleep for three days - I'm not exaggerating.
    • to enlarge or increase especially beyond the normal : OVEREMPHASIZE 使增大,使擴大;使過大
  • hyperbole (hyper: over，/ haɪˈpɜːbəli/) extravagant exaggeration (as "mile-high ice-cream cones") 誇張的語句

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Carping

• /kɑːrpɪŋ/
• carp: 音近「靠杯」=> 很愛靠杯 => 愛抱怨的
  • (n.) COMPLAINT 抱怨
  • (v.) to find fault or complain querulously 揭瘡疤;吹毛求疵
    • querulous (/ ˈkwerʊləs /) habitually complaining，FRETFUL, WHINING 愛發牢騷的;易怒的;愛挑剔的
• marked by or inclined to querulous and often perverse criticism

  CRITICAL, HYPERCRITICAL, FAULTFINDING, CAPTIOUS, CARPING, CENSORIOUS mean inclined to look for and point out faults and defects.

• 吹毛求疵的 (愛靠杯的)
• He always finds something to carp about.
• caviler : carping = libertine : libertine : licentious (正面性質)
  • libertine (libter: liberty，/ ˈlɪbərtiːn/) a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality; specifically: one leading a dissolute life 放蕩者;玩樂者
  • licentious (/ laɪˈsenʆəs /) lacking legal or moral restraints; 放蕩的;不道德的
• complain : carp = drink : guzzle = crticize : cavil = investigation : probe (程度類比) (左邊小於右邊)
  • guzzle (ech. 擬音字) to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually 大口喝
  • investigation 研究;調查

    ivestigate to observe or study by close examination and systematic inquiry 調查,研究

  • probe (v.) to search into and explore with great thoroughness : subject to a penetrating investigation 刺探;徹底調查 to examine with a probe 用探針(或探測器)探查,探測

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Discerning

• / dɪˈsɜːnɪŋ/
• see discernible
• showing insight and understanding : DISCRIMINATING
• 有識別力的;眼光敏銳的
• an ideal tour for the discerning traveller

  the discerning eye/ear

• insight : discerning = deadpan : impassive (正面性質)
  • deadpan (dead，pan: 平底鍋，/ ˈdedpæn /) a completely expressionless face 無表情的臉
  • impassive (im: not pass: passionate)
    • unsusceptible to physical feeling : INSENSIBLE 無感覺的 unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion: APATHETIC 無感情的;無動於衷的
    • giving no sign of feeling or emotion : EXPRESSIONLESS 無表情的

      IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.

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Fawning

• / fɔːnɪŋ/
• fawn (/ fɔːn/) (v.) to show affection used especially of a dog (狗等)搖尾乞憐 to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner 奉承,討好

  (n.) a young deer especially: one still unweaned or retaining a distinctive baby coat (未滿一歲的)幼鹿 a light grayish brown 淡黃褐色

  FAWN, TOADY, TRUCKLE, CRINGE, COWER mean to behave abjectly before a superior.

• 奉承的
• I refused to fawn over her or flatter her.
• fawn : hauteur, imprecious = self-depreciate, self-deprecate : swagger (反面性質)
  • hauteur (hau: (high) 舉起，/hoˈtɜː/) ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS 傲慢
  • imperious (/ ɪmˈpɪəriəs/)
    • a: befitting or characteristic of one of eminent rank or attainments: COMMANDING, DOMINANT b: marked by arrogant assurance: DOMINEERING 專橫的;飛揚跋扈的;傲慢的
    • intensely compelling: URGENT 絕對必要的;緊急的;迫切的

      MASTERFUL, DOMINEERING, IMPERIOUS, PEREMPTORY, IMPERATIVE mean tending to impose one's will on others.

  • depreciate (de: not prec: price (ex: appreciate)，/ dɪˈpriːʆieɪt /)

    to lower in estimation or esteem 輕視,貶低 to lower the price or estimated value of 降低...的價值(或價格);使貶值

    DECRY, DEPRECIATE, DISPARAGE, BELITTLE mean to express a low opinion of.

  • swagger (swag: 搖擺，/ ˈswægər/)
    • (v.) to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous manner; especially: to walk with an air of overbearing self-confidence 昂首闊步;神氣活現
    • (v.) BOAST, BRAG 吹牛皮,說大話
    • (v.) to force by argument or threat : BULLY 威嚇,嚇唬
    • (n.) an act or instance of swaggering 使神氣活現的行為東西 arrogant or conceitedly self-assured behavior 傲慢自負的行為 ostentatious display or bravado 豪華虛張聲勢
    • (n.) a self-confident outlook : COCKINESS 神氣活現的樣子
    • (adj.) marked by elegance or showiness : POSH 優雅的;浮誇的
• fawn : imperiousness = equivocate : directness = elaborate : sketchiness (反面性質)
  • imperiousness (/ ɪmˈpɪriəsnɪs/) 專橫傲慢;迫切

    imperious (/ ɪmˈpɪriəs/)

    • befitting or characteristic of one of eminent rank or attainments : COMMANDING, DOMINANT 專橫的
    • marked by arrogant assurance : DOMINEERING 跋扈傲慢的
    • intensely compelling : URGENT 迫切的
  • equivocate (equi: equal, voc: voice 相似的聲音，模稜兩可 / ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt /)
    • to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive 說話模稜兩可;含糊其辭
    • to avoid committing oneself in what one says 推諉

      LIE, PREVARICATE, EQUIVOCATE, PALTER, FIB mean to tell an untruth.

  • sketchiness 膚淺;大概

    sketchy of the nature of a sketch(素描;草圖;概略) : roughly outlined 素描的 wanting in completeness, clearness, or substance : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL 概略的;不完全的

• obsequious : fawn = compliant : yield = condescending : patronize (正面性質)
  • compliant (pli: 折彎 => 順從，/ kəmˈplaɪənt /) ready or disposed to comply : SUBMISSIVE 順從的;應允的

    comply to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a rule, or to necessity (對要求、命令等)依從,順從,遵從

  • condescending (con: together descend: 向下 => 向下看 => 瞧不起人，/ ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋ/) showing or characterized by condescension : PATRONIZING 高傲的

    condescend (con: together descend: 向下 => 向下看 => 瞧不起人，/ ˌkɒndɪˈsend/)

    • to descend to a less formal or dignified level: UNBEND 屈尊 to waive the privileges of rank 放棄特權,階級
    • to assume an air of superiority 以恩賜態度對待;帶著優越感
  • patronize (/ ˈpætrənaɪz/)
    • to act as patron of: provide aid or support for 資助,贊助;庇護
    • to adopt an air of condescension toward : treat haughtily or coolly 對...以恩人自居
    • to be a frequent or regular customer or client of 常常光顧

  • patron (/ ˈpeɪtrən /)
    • a person chosen, named, or honored as a special guardian, protector, or supporter 被選為保護者,支持者的人 a wealthy or influential supporter of an artist or writer (藝術家,作家)資助者 a social or financial sponsor of a social function (as a ball or concert) 活動贊助商
    • one that uses wealth or influence to help an individual, an institution, or a cause 資助者
    • one who buys the goods or uses the services offered especially by an establishment 主顧(尤指老顧客)
    • a master in ancient times who freed his slave but retained some rights over him 奴隸主人
• parsimonious : spend = peremptory : fawn (反面性質)(左邊性質不愛作右邊動作)
  • peremptory (per: 完全 empt: empty => 完全拿光 => 專橫，/ pəˈremptəri /)
    • a: putting an end to or precluding a right of action, debate, or delay 杜絕行動,討論,延遲的權力(專橫的;獨斷的) admitting of no contradiction 不容許反駁
    • expressive of urgency or command 武斷急切的
    • a: characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-assurance 專橫的 b : indicative of a peremptory attitude or nature : HAUGHTY 傲慢的

      MASTERFUL, DOMINEERING, IMPERIOUS, PEREMPTORY, IMPERATIVE mean tending to impose one's will on others.

• sycophant : fawn = miser : hoard = dandy : preen = pundit : opine = augur : predict = reprobate : misbehave (人物動作)
  • miser (/ ˈmaɪzər/) a mean grasping person; especially: one who is extremely stingy with money 吝嗇鬼;守財奴 (adj. miserly)
  • hoard (/hɔːrd /) (miser 深一層區別含意有「愛收藏的守財奴」)
    • (n.) a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away 貯藏的錢財;貯藏物;密藏物
    • (v.) to lay up a hoard of 貯藏,隱藏 to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself 還是埋藏給自己
  • dandy (/ ˈdændi /)
    • (n.) a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance 好時髦的男子;愛打扮的男生 something excellent in its class 第一流的東西(或人)
    • (adj.) of, relating to, or suggestive of a dandy : FOPPISH 服飾浮華的;花花公子的 very good : FIRST-RATE 上等的,極好的
  • preen (/ priːn /) to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP 精心打扮 to trim or dress with a bill (鳥)用喙理(毛) to pride or congratulate (oneself) for achievement 自我慶祝
  • pundit (pandit: 印度權威學者，/ ˈpʌndɪt/ ) a learned man : TEACHER 博學的人 one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner : CRITIC 權威者
  • opine (opinion，/ oʊˈpaɪn/) to express opinions 發表意見
  • augur (/ ˈɔːgər/) one held to foretell events by omens 占卜師;預言者

    「預言家」整理： augur, oracle, prophet

• eaglet : bird = fawn : mammal (種類類比)
  • eaglet (eagl: eagle et 結尾： small，/ ˈiːglɪt /) a young eagle 幼鷹
  • fawn 當 n.：a young deer especially: one still unweaned or retaining a distinctive baby coat (未滿一歲的)幼鹿

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Flagging

• / ˈflægɪŋ /
• LANGUID, WEAK

  becoming progressively less : DWINDLING

  flag (v.) to hang loose without stiffness 無力地下垂;萎垂 to become unsteady, feeble, or spiritless 變成不穩定,虛弱,無精神 to decline in interest or attraction (力氣,興趣等)衰退,低落

• 虛弱的;漸漸減少的
• concern for the country's flagging economy
• flagging <> thriving, vibrant
  • thriving characterized by success or prosperity 繁榮的;成功的

    thrive to grow vigorously : FLOURISH 興旺;茂盛 to gain in wealth or possessions: PROSPER 繁榮 to progress toward or realize a goal 向目標前進;實現目標

  • vibrant (vibrate)
    • (1): oscillating or pulsating rapidly 激烈震盪 (2): pulsating with life, vigor, or activity 充滿生氣的;活躍的
    • (1): readily set in vibration (2): RESPONSIVE, SENSITIVE 易受影響的
    • sounding as a result of vibration : RESONANT 振響的;響亮的
    • BRIGHT (光線)明亮的;(色彩)鮮明的
• flag <> wax
  • wax
    • (n.) 蠟;蜂蠟;石蠟;蠟狀物;唱片
    • to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity，to grow in volume or duration，to grow toward full development 增加;變大
    • to increase in phase or intensity used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets (月亮)漸圓,漸滿
    • to assume a (specified) characteristic, quality, or state : BECOME (漸漸)變成,轉為
    • to treat or rub with wax usually for polishing or stiffening 給...上蠟
    • to record on phonograph records 【口】把...灌製唱片
• candle : wax = tire : rubber (組成成分)
• flag : vigor = waver : resolution (減少)(左邊減少右邊)
  • waver (wave: 波浪 => 隨波晃動)
    • to vacillate irresolutely between choices : fluctuate in opinion, allegiance, or direction 動搖;猶豫不決
    • to weave or sway unsteadily to and fro: REEL, TOTTER 搖擺;搖晃;搖曳 QUIVER, FLICKER 搖曳;(光亮)閃爍 to hesitate as if about to give way: FALTER 動搖;猶豫
    • to give an unsteady sound : QUAVER (聲音)顫抖

      SWING, SWAY, OSCILLATE, VIBRATE, FLUCTUATE, WAVER, UNDULATE mean to move from one direction to its opposite.

      HESITATE, WAVER, VACILLATE, FALTER mean to show irresolution or uncertainty.

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Fledgling

• / ˈfledʒlɪŋ /
• a young bird just fledged

  an immature or inexperienced person

  one that is new

  fledge to acquire the feathers necessary for flight or independent activity (小鳥)長飛羽 to rear until ready for flight or independent activity 把(小鳥)餵到羽毛豐滿(或會飛)

• (n.) 剛長羽毛的小鳥;剛會飛的小鳥，未經世故的(年輕)人，新人

  (adj.) 剛開始的;無經驗的

• Democratic reforms are beginning to take hold(支配) in this fledgling republic.
• fledgling, incipient, inchoate <> realized, developed
  • realize
    • to bring into concrete existence : ACCOMPLISH 實現;使成為事實 to cause to seem real: make appear real 使看起來為真
    • to convert into actual money 變現 to bring or get by sale, investment, or effort : GAIN 把(證券,產業等)變賣;(以變賣產業等)獲(利);售得,賣得
    • to conceive vividly as real : be fully aware of 領悟,了解,認識到

      THINK, CONCEIVE, IMAGINE, FANCY, REALIZE, ENVISAGE, ENVISION mean to form an idea of.

• fledge <> molt (/moʊlt /) to shed hair, feathers, shell, horns, or an outer layer periodically 脫皮;脫毛;脫角
• molt : bird = slough : snake (動作對象)
  • slough (/ slʌf /)
    • to become shed or cast off 脫落 to cast off one's skin 脫皮 to separate in the form of dead tissue from living tissue 結痂脫落
    • to get rid of or discard as irksome, objectionable, or disadvantageous 丟棄
    • (n.) the cast-off skin of a snake 蛇蛻下的皮 a mass of dead tissue separating from an ulcer 壞死組織 something that may be shed or cast off 丟棄的事物
    • (n.) a place of deep mud or mire 泥坑,泥潭 SWAMP 沼澤,絕境 an inlet on a river; also: BACKWATER 河灣 a creek in a marsh or tide flat 河灣
    • (n.) a state of moral degradation or spiritual dejection 道德上的墮落
    • (v.) to engulf in a slough 沒入泥沼 to plod through or as if through mud : SLOG 步履難行地走

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Grueling

• /ˈgruːəlɪŋ/
• trying or taxing to the point of exhaustion : PUNISHING
• 累垮人的;令人受不了的
• The cast took a break from their grueling schedule.
• grueling, exhausting : tiring (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)

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Ravening

• / ˈrævənɪŋ /
• raven (/ ˈreɪvən /) to devour greedily 狼吞虎嚥地吃 DESPOIL 攫取,掠奪 to prowl for food : PREY 獵食 (n.) 【鳥】渡鴉 (adj.) 烏油油的,墨黑的
• 貪婪飢餓的
• a ravening beast
• ravening : satisfy (左邊不容易右邊)
• ravening : voracity (正面性質)
  • voracity (/ vəˈræsəti /) the quality or state of being voracious 貪婪

    voracious (/ vəˈreɪʆəs/) having a huge appetite : RAVENOUS 食慾大的 excessively eager : INSATIABLE 貪婪的

    VORACIOUS, GLUTTONOUS, RAVENOUS, RAPACIOUS mean excessively greedy.

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Foppish

• / ˈfɒpɪʆ /
• a: characteristic of a fop b: behaving or dressing in the manner of a fop

  fop (/ fɒp/) a man who is devoted to or vain(炫耀的;徒然的) about his appearance or dress : COXCOMB, DANDY 注重外表服裝的男子;紈褲子弟

• 矯揉造作的;舉止(或服飾)像花花公子的
• fop, dandy : preen = sycophant : fawn (人物動作)
  • dandy (/ ˈdændi /)
    • (n.) a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance 好時髦的男子;愛打扮的男生 something excellent in its class 第一流的東西(或人)
    • (adj.) of, relating to, or suggestive of a dandy : FOPPISH 服飾浮華的;花花公子的 very good : FIRST-RATE 上等的,極好的
  • preen (/ priːn /) to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP 精心打扮 to trim or dress with a bill (鳥)用喙理(毛) to pride or congratulate (oneself) for achievement 自我慶祝

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Lavish

• / ˈlævɪʆ /
• lav: pour out 倒出來 => 到處倒錢 => 揮霍的
• expending or bestowing profusely: PRODIGAL

  a: expended or produced in abundance b: marked by profusion or excess

  (v.) to expend or bestow with profusion : SQUANDER

  PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.

  prodigal, dissipated, extravagant, profligate

  • dissipate (/ ˈdɪsəpeɪt /)
    • a: to break up and drive off (as a crowd) b: to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish c: to lose (as heat or electricity) irrecoverably 驅散(霧等),使消散;消除,使消失
    • to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly 浪費,揮霍
    • to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure; especially: to drink to excess 放蕩;耽於遊樂

      SCATTER, DISPERSE, DISSIPATE, DISPEL mean to cause to separate or break up.

  • extravagant (extra，vag: wander (ex: vagabond 流浪漢、流浪的)，/ ɪkˈstrævəgənt /)
    • a: exceeding the limits of reason or necessity b: lacking in moderation, balance, and restraint c: extremely or excessively elaborate 放肆的;過度的,過分的
    • a: spending much more than necessary b: PROFUSE, LAVISH 奢侈的;浪費的
    • unreasonably high in price 不合理高價的

      EXCESSIVE, IMMODERATE, INORDINATE, EXTRAVAGANT, EXORBITANT, EXTREME mean going beyond a normal limit.

• (adj.) 非常慷慨的;浪費的,濫花的，極其豐富的;大量的;無節制的 (v.) 揮霍,浪費;濫施
• We were always lavish with financial aid in times of crisis.
• lavish <> mean, stingy, miserly, penurious, parsimonious

  STINGY, CLOSE, NIGGARDLY, PARSIMONIOUS, PENURIOUS, MISERLY mean being unwilling or showing unwillingness to share with others.

  • mean (adj. 其中一義) PENURIOUS, STINGY 吝嗇的,小氣的
  • stingy not generous or liberal : sparing or scant in giving or spending 吝嗇的,小氣的 meanly scanty or small 缺乏的,不足的;極少的
  • miserly of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser(吝嗇鬼;守財奴); especially: marked by grasping meanness and penuriousness 吝嗇的;
• lavishness <> stint, frugality, husbandry
  • husbandry (/ ˈhʌzbəndri /)
    • the control or judicious use of resources: CONSERVATION 節約,節儉
    • the cultivation or production of plants and animals : AGRICULTURE 農事,耕種
    • the scientific control and management of a branch of farming and especially of domestic animals 管理(飼養業)
• excoriate <> praise lavishly, flatter
  • excoriate (ex: off cori: skin 皮膚脫落 => 罵得體無完膚 / ɪkˈskɔːrieɪt /) to wear off the skin of: ABRADE 剝(皮);擦破...的皮膚 to censure scathingly 痛責
  • flatter to praise excessively especially from motives of self-interest 諂媚;奉承

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Modish

• / ˈmoʊdɪʆ/
• mode 模式 => 流行
• FASHIONABLE, STYLISH
• 流行的;時髦的
• modish : currency (正面性質)
  • currency (current)
    • circulation as a medium of exchange 流通 general use, acceptance, or prevalence 通用,流通;流傳 the quality or state of being current: CURRENTNESS 當前的;現行的
    • something (as coins, treasury notes, and banknotes) that is in circulation as a medium of exchange 通貨 paper money in circulation 貨幣 a common article for bartering 通貨 a medium of verbal or intellectual expression
• modish : obsolete (反義類比)

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Skittish

• / ˈskɪtɪʆ /
• a: lively or frisky(愛嬉鬧的) in action: CAPRICIOUS
  b: VARIABLE, FLUCTUATING

  easily frightened : RESTIVE

  a: COY, BASHFUL b: marked by extreme caution: WARY

  • frivolous (fri: free，/ ˈfrɪvələs /)
    • a: of little weight or importance 幾乎沒有重量、不重要的 b: having no sound basis (as in fact or law) 沒有足夠根據的
    • a: lacking in seriousness 輕佻的 b: marked by unbecoming levity 不得體清浮的
  • fickle, capricious, whimsical, mercurial, volatile

    INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion).

  • restive (restless: 焦躁不安的,煩躁的) stubbornly resisting control : BALKY 倔強的;不聽話的; marked by impatience : FIDGETY 沒有耐心的;焦躁的

    CONTRARY, PERVERSE, RESTIVE, BALKY, WAYWARD mean inclined to resist authority or control.

• 活潑的;愛嬉鬧的;輕佻的，善變的，易受驚嚇的，害羞的，謹慎小心的
• Some skittish Wall Street investors are staying away from the market.
• <>: serious, not changing, bold
• vignette : scene = skit : drama (種類類比)
  • vignette (te: small，/ vɪˈnjet /) 蔓藤花樣，郵票圖案;書籍頭尾的小圖案，半身暈映照片;小風景圖片，小品文;小插曲

    a brief incident or scene (as in a play or movie) 小插曲;小場景

  • skit a jeering or satirical remark : TAUNT 奚落;嘲弄 a : a satirical or humorous story or sketch b (1): a brief burlesque(諷刺性模仿) or comic sketch included in a dramatic performance (as a revue(諷刺時事的滑稽劇)) (2) : a short serious dramatic piece; especially: one done by amateurs 諷刺文;小喜劇

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Waggish

• / ˈwægɪʆ /
• wag (v.) 搖,搖擺,搖動 (n.) 搖擺，愛說笑打趣的人,能言善辯的人
• resembling or characteristic of a wag

  done or made in waggery or for sport : HUMOROUS

  • baterning, jocular, jocose
• 滑稽的;淘氣的;愛惡作劇的

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Bootless

• /'butlɪs/
• boot: profit less => no profit(good) => useless
• USELESS, UNPROFITABLE
  • futile (/ ˈfjuːtl/) serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective 無效的,無用的 occupied with trifles(瑣事) : FRIVOLOUS 忙於小事的;缺少目的的
• 無利可圖的;無用的
• bootless : fultility = efflugent : resplendence (正面性質)
  • futility (/ fjuːˈtɪləti /) 無益,徒勞

    futile (/ ˈfjuːtl/) serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective 無效的,無用的 occupied with trifles(瑣事) : FRIVOLOUS 忙於小事的;缺少目的的

• interesting : intriguing = bootless : futile (同義類比)
  • intriguing (/ ɪnˈtriːgɪŋ /) engaging the interest to a marked degree : FASCINATING 有趣且吸引人的

    intrigue (/ ɪnˈtriːg /)

    • (n.) a secret scheme : MACHINATION 陰謀,詭計;密謀 the practice of engaging in intrigues 陰謀策劃 a clandestine love affair 私通

      PLOT, INTRIGUE, MACHINATION, CONSPIRACY, CABAL mean a plan secretly devised to accomplish an evil or treacherous end.

    • (v.) CHEAT, TRICK 哄騙 to accomplish by intrigue 耍陰謀強使,施詭計取得 to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of 激起...的好奇心(或興趣)
  • futile 見上

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Dauntless

• /ˈdɒːntləs/
• FEARLESS, UNDAUNTED

  daunt (/dɒːnt/) to lessen the courage of : COW, SUBDUE 使氣餒,使畏縮

  DISMAY, APPALL, HORRIFY, DAUNT mean to unnerve or deter by arousing fear, apprehension, or aversion.

• 無畏的;勇敢的;嚇不倒的
• a dauntless hero
• dauntless <> craven, meek, pusillanimous, timorous

  COWARDLY, PUSILLANIMOUS, CRAVEN, DASTARDLY mean having or showing a lack of courage.

  • meek (/ miːk /) enduring injury with patience and without resentment: MILD 受傷能忍的;溫順的 deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE 懦弱的;無骨氣的 not violent or strong : MODERATE 溫和的
  • pusillanimous (pusill: very small animous: spirit，/ ˌpjuːsəˈlænəməs /) lacking courage and resolution : marked by contemptible timidity 膽怯的;懦弱的;優柔寡斷的
  • timorous (timid，/ ˈtɪmərəs /) of a timid disposition : FEARFUL，expressing or suggesting timidity 膽怯的
• daunt <> hearten, embolden, berve, make resolute
  • hearten to give heart to : CHEER 激勵,鼓舞,使振奮

    ENCOURAGE, INSPIRIT, HEARTEN, EMBOLDEN mean to fill with courage or strength of purpose.

  • ebmolden (em: make bold: 大膽的) to instill with boldness or courage 使大膽;使有勇氣
  • nerve to give strength or courage to : supply with physical or moral force 鼓勵,激勵
  • resolute marked by firm determination : RESOLVED 下定決心的 BOLD, STEADY 堅定的;果敢的

    FAITHFUL, LOYAL, CONSTANT, STAUNCH, STEADFAST, RESOLUTE mean firm in adherence to whatever one owes allegiance.

• ebmolden <> abash, appall, faze, cow
  • embolden 見上
  • appall (pall: pale 臉色蒼白 => 把人嚇得臉色蒼白，/ əˈpɔːl/) to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay 使驚恐,使膽寒

    DISMAY, APPALL, HORRIFY, DAUNT mean to unnerve or deter by arousing fear, apprehension, or aversion.

  • faze to disturb the composure of : DISCONCERT, DAUNT 煩擾,使擔憂;使膽怯
  • cow to destroy the resolve or courage of; also: to bring to a state or an action by intimidation 恐嚇,威脅

    INTIMIDATE, COW, BULLDOZE, BULLY, BROWBEAT mean to frighten into submission.

• cowed <> undaunted
• dauntless : trepidation = footloose : attachment = unversed : familiarity (反面性質)
  • footloose (foot，loose) having no ties : free to move about 自由自在的;不受束縛的 When the kids leave home, you'll be footloose and fancy-free.
  • attachment the state of being personally attached: FIDELITY attachment to a cause affectionate regard a deep attachment to nature 情感,愛慕;忠誠 (牽絆約束)
  • unversed not familiarized 不熟諳的;不精通的;無經驗的

    verse (n.) a line of metrical writing, STANZA 詩句,詩行;詩節 (v.) to make verse : VERSIFY 作詩 (v.) to familiarize by close association, study, or experience 使熟練,使精通

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Word

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əɒɪ