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Abettor Accomplice Apostate Arbiter Charlatan Connoisseur Dastard Dilettante Harbinger Heretic Incendiary Lapidary Lout Mendicant Mentor Mountebank Nemesis Neophyte Oaf Pariah Philistine Poltroon Potentate Quack Recreant Renegade Savant Sluggard Tyro Vanguard Virtuoso Votary Zealot Agronomist Chauvinist Cynic Numismatist Ornithologist Acumen Affinity Alacrity Aplomb Aptitude Ardor Asperity Audacity Awe Caliber Caprice Chagrin Clemency Compunction Delirium Diffidence Dirge Discretion Fealty Fecundity Fidelity Flair Forbearance Frailty Furor Garrulity Gusto Hallucination Idiosyncrasy Imbecility Indolence Intimidation Intuition Lassitude Mettle Obsession Penchant Predilection Propensity Rancor Repugnance Sloth Stupor Suavity Temerity Trepidation Word

Abettor

• / əˈbetər /
• abet，bet: bait 餌，引誘
• to actively second and encourage (as an activity or plan) : FORWARD

  to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose

  INCITE, INSTIGATE, ABET, FOMENT

  mean to spur to action.
  • INCITE stresses a stirring up and urging on, and may or may not imply initiating inciting a riot
  • INSTIGATE definitely implies responsibility for initiating another's action and often connotes underhandedness or evil intention instigated a conspiracy
  • ABET implies both assisting and encouraging aiding and abetting the enemy
  • FOMENT implies persistence in goading fomenting rebellion
• 幫助者;煽動者;教唆犯

  abet: 教唆,唆使;煽動;幫助;支持

• <>: HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of.
  • HINDER stresses causing harmful or annoying delay or interference with progress rain hindered the climb
  • IMPEDE implies making forward progress difficult by clogging, hampering, or fettering tight clothing that impedes movement
  • OBSTRUCT implies interfering with something in motion or in progress by the sometimes intentional placing of obstacles in the way the view was obstructed by billboards
  • BLOCK implies complete obstruction to passage or progress a landslide blocked the road
  • thwart to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of 反對,阻撓;使受挫折;挫敗

    FRUSTRATE, THWART, FOIL, BAFFLE, BALK mean to check or defeat another's plan or block achievement of a goal.

    • FRUSTRATE implies making vain or ineffectual all efforts however vigorous or persistent frustrated attempts at government reform
    • THWART (/θwɔːrt /) suggests frustration or checking by crossing or opposing the army thwarted his attempt at a coup
    • FOIL (/ fɔɪl /) implies checking or defeating so as to discourage further effort foiled by her parents, he stopped trying to see her
    • BAFFLE (ff: 模糊) implies frustration by confusing or puzzling baffled by the maze of rules and regulations
    • BALK (block) suggests the interposing of obstacles or hindrances

      officials felt that legal restrictions had balked their efforts to control crime

  • hamper
  • stymie
  • quell
• abet : assistance = counsel : guidance (對象類比)
  • counsel (/ ˈkaʊnsəl /) (v.) ADVISE, CONSULT 勸告,忠告;提議,顧問
• abet : encouragement = elucidate : clarification (同義類比)
  • elucidate (lucid: light) to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis 闡明;說明 The full picture has not yet been elucidated.

    EXPLAIN, EXPOUND, EXPLICATE, ELUCIDATE, INTERPRET mean to make something clear or understandable.

    • EXPLAIN implies a making plain or intelligible what is not immediately obvious or entirely known: explain the rules
    • EXPOUND implies a careful often elaborate explanation: expounding a scientific theory
    • EXPLICATE adds the idea of a developed or detailed analysis: explicate a poem
    • ELUCIDATE stresses the throwing of light upon as by offering details or motives previously unclear or only implicit: elucidate an obscure passage
    • INTERPRET adds to EXPLAIN the need for imagination or sympathy or special knowledge in dealing with something: interpreting a work of art

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Accomplice

• / əˈkʌmpləs/
• one associated with another especially in wrongdoing
• 共犯,同謀,幫兇
• After the robbery, the men escaped in a stolen car driven by an accomplice.
• accomplice : crime = partner : business = teammate : game (定義關係)

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Apostate

• / əˈpɒsteɪt/
• apo-: far away state
• one who commits apostasy

  apostasy renunciation of a religious faith，abandonment of a previous loyalty: DEFECTION 叛教;脫黨;變節

• 叛教者;脫黨者;反叛者
• Leadership in some is weak, unbelieving and in some cases apostate.
• <>: apostasy <> fidelity
  (/ fɪˈdeləti /) a: the quality or state of being faithful b: accuracy in details : EXACTNESS 忠誠;忠貞，精確

  FIDELITY, ALLEGIANCE, FEALTY, LOYALTY, DEVOTION, PIETY mean faithfulness to something to which one is bound by pledge or duty.

  • FIDELITY implies strict and continuing faithfulness to an obligation, trust, or duty marital fidelity
  • ALLEGIANCE suggests an adherence like that of citizens to their country pledging allegiance
  • FEALTY implies a fidelity acknowledged by the individual and as compelling as a sworn vow fealty to the truth
  • LOYALTY implies a faithfulness that is steadfast in the face of any temptation to renounce, desert, or betray valued the loyalty of his friends
  • DEVOTION stresses zeal and service amounting to self-dedication a painter's devotion to her art
  • PIETY stresses fidelity to obligations regarded as natural and fundamental filial piety
• apostasy : faith = recantation : heresy = confession : guilt (對象關係) (左邊名詞接轉為動詞形式看待)
  • recantation (/ ˌriːkænˈteɪʆən /) 改變論調;取消主張

    recant to withdraw or repudiate (a statement or belief) formally and publicly : RENOUNCE，REVOKE，to make an open confession of error 取消自己主張;撤回自己意見，公開認錯

    Galileo was forced to recant his belief in the Copernican theory.

    ABJURE, RENOUNCE, FORSWEAR, RECANT, RETRACT mean to withdraw one's word or professed belief.

    • ABJURE implies a firm and final rejecting or abandoning often made under oath abjured the errors of his former faith
    • RENOUNCE often equals ABJURE but may carry the meaning of disclaim or disown renounced abstract art and turned to portrait painting
    • FORSWEAR may add to ABJURE an implication of perjury or betrayal I cannot forswear my principles
    • RECANT stresses the withdrawing or denying of something professed or taught if they recant they will be spared
    • RETRACT applies to the withdrawing of a promise, an offer, or an accusation the newspaper had to retract its allegations against the mayor
  • heresy (/ ˈherəsi / ) 異教;異端邪說
    • adherence to a religious opinion contrary to church dogma，an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma
    • dissent or deviation from a dominant theory, opinion, or practice，an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to generally accepted beliefs or standards
  • confession an act of confessing; especially: a disclosure of one's sins in the sacrament of reconciliation 供認;懺悔;告解

    confess

    • to tell or make known (as something wrong or damaging to oneself) : ADMIT 坦白,供認,承認
    • to acknowledge (sin) to God or to a priest (教友)向(神、神父)...懺悔;(神父)聽取(教友)辦告解
    • to declare faith in or adherence to : PROFESS 表明信仰
    • to give evidence of 證明

      ACKNOWLEDGE, ADMIT, OWN, AVOW, CONFESS mean to disclose against one's will or inclination.

      • ACKNOWLEDGE implies the disclosing of something that has been or might be concealed acknowledged an earlier peccadillo
      • ADMIT implies reluctance to disclose, grant, or concede and refers usually to facts rather than their implications admitted the project was over budget
      • OWN implies acknowledging something in close relation to oneself must own I know little about computers
      • AVOW implies boldly declaring, often in the face of hostility, what one might be expected to be silent about avowed that he was a revolutionary
      • CONFESS may apply to an admission of a weakness, failure, omission, or guilt confessed a weakness for sweets

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Arbiter

• /ˈɑːrbɪtər /'
• a person with power to decide a dispute : JUDGE

  a person or agency having the power of deciding

• 裁決人;仲裁者
• The designer has received rave reviews from such arbiters of taste as Elle magazine.
• arbiter, arbitrator, intercessor : mediate = interpreter : translate = augur : predict = arbiter : judge = broker : trade (人物動作)
  • arbitrator (/ ˈɑːrbɪˌtreɪtər/) one that arbitrates : ARBITER 仲裁人;公斷人

    arbitrate (/ ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/) to act as arbiter upon 仲裁;調停;公斷

  • intercessor (inter，cess: process) 調停者

    intercede to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling differences : MEDIATE

    INTERPOSE, INTERFERE, INTERVENE, MEDIATE, INTERCEDE mean to come or go between.

    • INTERPOSE often implies no more than this interposed herself between him and the door
    • INTERFERE implies hindering noise interfered with my concentration
    • INTERVENE may imply an occurring in space or time between two things or a stepping in to stop a conflict quarreled until the manager intervened
    • MEDIATE implies intervening between hostile factions mediated between the parties
    • INTERCEDE implies acting for an offender in begging mercy or forgiveness interceded on our behalf
  • mediate
  • interpreter one who translates orally for parties conversing in different languages 口譯員,通譯員
  • augur (/ ˈɔːgər/) one held to foretell events by omens 占卜師;預言者

    預言家整理： augur, oracle, prophet

  • broker one who acts as an intermediary: as an agent who negotiates contracts of purchase and sale (as of real estate, commodities, or securities) 經紀人,代理人,中間人

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Charlatan

• / ˈʆɑːrlətən/
• 義大利某地居民 (賣贖罪卷之地) seller of indulgence at Cerreto
• one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability : FRAUD, FAKER
  • quack
  • mountebank
• 裝懂的人;吹牛的人

  江湖醫生

• Charlatans advertise a variety of fat-reducing treatments in the back of magazines.

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Connoisseur

• / ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/ (i 不發音)
• EXPERT; especially: one who understands the details, technique, or principles of an art and is competent to act as a critical judge

  one who enjoys with discrimination and appreciation of subtleties

• (尤指藝術品的)鑑賞家,行家
• Fry was a connoisseur of Renaissance art.
• connoisseur : art = gourmet : cuisine (人物對象)
  • gourmet (/gʊrˈmeɪ /) a connoisseur of food and drink; broadly: CONNOISSEUR 美食家

    EPICURE, GOURMET, GOURMAND, GASTRONOME mean one who takes pleasure in eating and drinking.

    • EPICURE implies fastidiousness and voluptuousness of taste.
    • GOURMET implies being a connoisseur in food and drink and the discriminating enjoyment of them.
    • GOURMAND implies a hearty appetite for good food and drink, not without discernment, but with less than a gourmet's.
    • GASTRONOME implies that one has studied extensively the history and rituals of haute cuisine.
  • cuisine (/ kwɪˈziːn /) manner of preparing food : style of cooking; also: the food prepared 烹飪;烹調法;菜餚 Enjoy the delicious cuisine created by our award-winning chef.

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Dastard

• / ˈdæstərd/
• a person who acts treacherously or underhandedly

  (GRE「懦夫」字)

  • COWARD one who shows disgraceful fear or timidity 懦夫,膽怯者
  • poltroon (/pɒlˈtrun/) a spiritless coward : CRAVEN 懦夫;膽小鬼
  • craven one that lacks the least bit of courage : contemptibly fainthearted 懦夫,膽小鬼 (可當 adj.)
  • recreant
• 懦夫;卑鄙的人
• dastard : craven = rpascallion, rascal : mischievous (正面性質)
  • rapscallion (rascal，/ ræpˈskæljən /) RASCAL, NE'ER-DO-WELL 惡棍,流氓
  • rascal (/ˈræskəl/) a mean, unprincipled, or dishonest person 流氓,無賴,惡棍 a mischievous person or animal 淘氣鬼,搗蛋鬼
  • mischievous (/ ˈmɪstʆɪvəs /)
    • HARMFUL, INJURIOUS 有害的;惡意傷人的 mischievous gossip
    • a: able or tending to cause annoyance, trouble, or minor injury b: irresponsibly playful 惡作劇的;調皮的,淘氣的 mischievous behavior
  • imp a: a small demon : FIEND b: a mischievous child : URCHIN 小魔鬼;頑童,小淘氣
  • brat (/ bræt /) a: CHILD; specifically: an ill-mannered annoying child b: an ill-mannered immature person 頑童,小搗蛋;小傢伙

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Dilettante

• / ˌdɪləˈtænti/
• an admirer or lover of the arts

  a person having a superficial interest in an art or a branch of knowledge : DABBLER

  AMATEUR, DILETTANTE, DABBLER, TYRO

  mean a person who follows a pursuit without attaining proficiency or professional status.
  • AMATEUR often applies to one practicing an art without mastery of its essentials a painting obviously done by an amateur

    in sports it may also suggest not so much lack of skill but avoidance of direct remuneration remained an amateur despite lucrative offers

  • DILETTANTE may apply to the lover of an art rather than its skilled practitioner but usually implies elegant trifling in the arts and an absence of serious commitment

    had no patience for dilettantes

  • DABBLER suggests desultory habits of work and lack of persistence a dabbler who started novels but never finished them

    dabble

    • to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water (把手、腳等)浸入水中;(用手、腳等)嬉水
    • to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 鳥啄水面覓食 (淺淺啄 => 這碰一點、那碰一點)
    • to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest 業餘涉獵
  • TYRO implies inexperience often combined with audacity with resulting crudeness or blundering shows talent but is still a mere tyro
• (藝術等的)一知半解者;美術的愛好者;業餘愛好者
• Morrison is no dilettante - the music is clean and professional.
• dilettante : commitment = nonentity : consequence (反面性質)
  • commitment the state or an instance of being obligated or emotionally impelled 信奉;支持;獻身
  • nonentity (/ nɒˈnentəti/)
    • something that does not exist or exists only in the imagination，NONEXISTENCE 不存在;不存在的東西
    • a person of little consequence or significance 無足輕重的人;沒有價值的東西
  • consequence
    • a conclusion derived through logic : INFERENCE 結果,後果
    • something produced by a cause or necessarily following from a set of conditions 推論結果
    • a: importance with respect to power to produce an effect : MOMENT b: social importance 重大,重要(性)
    • the appearance of importance; especially: SELF-IMPORTANCE 自大,神氣活現

      IMPORTANCE, CONSEQUENCE, MOMENT, WEIGHT, SIGNIFICANCE mean a quality or aspect having great worth or significance.

      • IMPORTANCE implies a value judgment of the superior worth or influence of something or someone a region with no cities of importance
      • CONSEQUENCE generally implies importance because of probable or possible effects the style you choose is of little consequence
      • MOMENT implies conspicuous or self-evident consequence a decision of great moment
      • WEIGHT implies a judgment of the immediate relative importance of something the argument carried no weight with the judge
      • SIGNIFICANCE implies a quality or character that should mark a thing as important but that is not self-evident and may or may not be recognized

        the treaty's significance

• martinet : rigidity = dilettante : superficiality (正面性質)
  • martinet (法國某將領名，/ ˌmɑːrtəˈnet/) a strict disciplinarian，a person who stresses a rigid adherence to the details of forms and methods 嚴格執行紀律的人
  • rigidity (/ rɪˈdʒɪdəti /) the quality or state of being rigid 堅硬;嚴格;剛直;死板

    rigid

    • deficient in or devoid of flexibility 缺乏彈性的 rigid price controls
    • appearing stiff and unyielding 頑固的 his face rigid with pain
    • a: inflexibly set in opinion b: strictly observed 死板的、嚴格遵守的 adheres to a rigid schedule
    • firmly inflexible rather than lax or indulgent 嚴格的 a rigid disciplinarian
    • precise and accurate in procedure 精確的;嚴密的 rigid control of the manufacturing process

      RIGID, RIGOROUS, STRICT, STRINGENT mean extremely severe or stern.

      • RIGID implies uncompromising inflexibility rigid rules of conduct
      • RIGOROUS implies the imposition of hardship and difficulty the rigorous training of recruits
      • STRICT emphasizes undeviating conformity to rules, standards, or requirements strict enforcement of the law
      • STRINGENT suggests severe, tight restriction or limitation stringent standards of admission
  • superficiality the quality or state of being superficial 表面性;表面情況;淺薄

    superficial

    • concerned only with the obvious or apparent : SHALLOW 粗略的;膚淺的
    • lying on the surface : EXTERNAL 表面的;外表的
    • presenting only an appearance without substance or significance 膚淺的,淺薄的

      SUPERFICIAL, SHALLOW, CURSORY mean lacking in depth or solidity.

      • SUPERFICIAL implies a concern only with surface aspects or obvious features a superficial analysis of the problem
      • SHALLOW is more generally derogatory in implying lack of depth in knowledge, reasoning, emotions, or character a light, shallow, and frivolous review
      • CURSORY suggests a lack of thoroughness or a neglect of details gave the letter only a cursory reading

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Harbinger

• /ˈhɑːrbɪndʒər /
• one that pioneers in or initiates a major change : PRECURSOR

  one that presages (pre，sage: 聖人賢人 => 先賢) or foreshadows (fore-: front shadow 前面影子，預告)what is to come

  FORERUNNER, PRECURSOR, HARBINGER, HERALD mean one that goes before or announces the coming of another.

  • FORERUNNER is applicable to anything that serves as a sign or presage the blockade was the forerunner of war
  • PRECURSOR applies to a person or thing paving the way for the success or accomplishment of another 18th-century poets like Burns were precursors of the Romantics
  • HARBINGER and HERALD both apply, chiefly figuratively, to one that proclaims or announces the coming or arrival of a notable event

    their early victory was the harbinger of a winning season，the herald of a new age in medicine

• 通報者;先驅,先鋒

  前兆,預示

• These birds are considered to be harbingers of doom .
• harbinger : presage = archetype : exemplify (目的功用)
  • presage (pre，sage: 聖人賢人 => 先聖，/ ˈpresɪdʒ/)
    • something that foreshadows or portends a future event : OMEN 預示,預兆
    • an intuition or feeling of what is going to happen in the future 預感,預知
    • warning or indication of the future 預示,預兆
  • archetype (arch: first) the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies : PROTOTYPE; also: a perfect example 原型
  • exemplify (example)
    • to show or illustrate by example 例示 to be an instance of or serve as an example: EMBODY，to be typical of 作為...的例子
    • to make an attested copy or transcript of (a document) under seal 製作經公章證明的(文件)的謄本

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Heretic

• / ˈherɪtɪk /
• heresy: 異教;異端邪說
• one who dissents from an accepted belief or doctrine : NONCONFORMIST

  heresy (/ ˈherəsi / ) 異教;異端邪說

  • adherence to a religious opinion contrary to church dogma，an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma
  • dissent or deviation from a dominant theory, opinion, or practice，an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to generally accepted beliefs or standards
• 異教徒;持異端邪說者
• <>: dogma <> heresy
  • something held as an established opinion; especially: a definite authoritative tenet (教會等的)教義,教理,教條;信條
  • a point of view or tenet put forth as authoritative without adequate grounds 武斷的意見
  • a doctrine or body of doctrines concerning faith or morals formally stated and authoritatively proclaimed by a church 教義
• apostasy : faith = recantation : heresy (對象關係) (左邊名詞接轉為動詞形式看待)
  • apostasy
  • recantation (/ ˌriːkænˈteɪʆən /) 改變論調;取消主張

    recant to withdraw or repudiate (a statement or belief) formally and publicly : RENOUNCE，REVOKE，to make an open confession of error 取消自己主張;撤回自己意見，公開認錯

    Galileo was forced to recant his belief in the Copernican theory.

    ABJURE, RENOUNCE, FORSWEAR, RECANT, RETRACT mean to withdraw one's word or professed belief.

    • ABJURE implies a firm and final rejecting or abandoning often made under oath abjured the errors of his former faith
    • RENOUNCE often equals ABJURE but may carry the meaning of disclaim or disown renounced abstract art and turned to portrait painting
    • FORSWEAR may add to ABJURE an implication of perjury or betrayal I cannot forswear my principles
    • RECANT stresses the withdrawing or denying of something professed or taught if they recant they will be spared
    • RETRACT applies to the withdrawing of a promise, an offer, or an accusation the newspaper had to retract its allegations against the mayor
• doctrine : heretical = course : errant (對象關係)
  • doctrine (doc: teach，/ ˈdɒktrɪn/)
    • something that is taught 教導,教誨
    • a principle or position or the body of principles in a branch of knowledge or system of belief : DOGMA 學說,原理
    • a principle of law established through past decisions
    • a statement of fundamental government policy especially in international relations 主義,信條;政策
  • heretical of, relating to, or characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards : UNORTHODOX 異教的;異端的
  • errant (err: wander，/ ˈerənt / ) (adj.)
    • traveling or given to traveling 周遊的;
    • straying outside the proper path or bounds
    • moving about aimlessly or irregularly 漂泊的
    • deviating from a standard (as of truth or propriety) 走入歧途的
• nonconformist : norm = heretic : orthodoxy = maverick : group (反面性質)
  • nonconformist a person who does not conform to a generally accepted pattern of thought or action 不順從一般公認信念習慣的人

    conform (con: together form) to give the same shape, outline, or contour to : bring into harmony or accord 使符合,使一致

    ADAPT, ADJUST, ACCOMMODATE, CONFORM, RECONCILE mean to bring one thing into correspondence with another.

    • ADAPT implies a modification according to changing circumstances adapted themselves to the warmer climate
    • ADJUST suggests bringing into a close and exact correspondence or harmony such as exists between parts of a mechanism adjusted the budget to allow for inflation
    • ACCOMMODATE may suggest yielding or compromising to effect a correspondence accommodated his political beliefs in order to win
    • CONFORM applies to bringing into accordance with a pattern, example, or principle refused to conform to society's idea of morality
    • RECONCILE implies the demonstration of the underlying compatibility of things that seem to be incompatible tried to reconcile what they said with what I knew
  • norm an authoritative standard: MODEL，a principle of right action binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior 基準;規範
  • orthodoxy (ortho: 正 dox: teach，/ ˈɔːrθədɒksi/) the quality or state of being orthodox，an orthodox belief or practice 正統說法;正統

    orthodox (ortho: 正 dox: teach) conforming to established doctrine especially in religion，CONVENTIONAL 正統的;傳統的,習俗的;通常的

  • maverick
    • an unbranded range animal; especially: a motherless calf 未烙印的小牛(或其他牲口)
    • an independent individual who does not go along with a group or party 不服從的人;持不同意見的人

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Incendiary

• /ɪnˈsendieri/
• a person who deliberately sets fire to a building or other property: arsonist

  a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition : AGITATOR

• 縱火犯;煽動者
• insurgent : rebel = incendiary : agitate (人物動作)
  • insurgent (/ ɪnˈsɜːdʒənt/)
    • a person who revolts against civil authority or an established government; especially: a rebel not recognized as a belligerent 起事者;暴動者;叛亂者
    • one who acts contrary to the policies and decisions of one's own political party (政黨內的)反黨分子,反對派
  • rebel (/ ˈrebəl /)
    • (n.) one who rebels or participates in a rebellion 造反者;反抗者;反叛者
    • (v.) a:to oppose or disobey one in authority or control b: to renounce and resist by force the authority of one's government 造反;反叛;反抗
    • (v.) to act in or show opposition or disobedience 反對、不服從 to feel or exhibit anger or revulsion 生氣反感
  • agitate
    • to move with an irregular, rapid, or violent action 攪動(液體等);搖動 the storm agitated the sea
    • to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of : DISTURB 使激動;使焦慮
    • to discuss excitedly and earnestly，to stir up public discussion 激烈辯論(問題等)

      DISCOMPOSE, DISQUIET, DISTURB, PERTURB, AGITATE, UPSET, FLUSTER mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action.

      • DISCOMPOSE implies some degree of loss of self-control or self-confidence especially through emotional stress discomposed by the loss of his beloved wife
      • DISQUIET suggests loss of sense of security or peace of mind the disquieting news of factories closing
      • DISTURB implies interference with one's mental processes caused by worry, perplexity, or interruption the discrepancy in accounts disturbed me
      • PERTURB implies deep disturbance of mind and emotions perturbed by her husband's strange behavior
      • AGITATE suggests obvious external signs of nervous or emotional excitement in his agitated state we could see he was unable to work
      • UPSET implies the disturbance of normal or habitual functioning by disappointment, distress, or grief the family's constant bickering upsets the youngest child
      • FLUSTER suggests bewildered agitation his declaration of love completely flustered her

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Lapidary

• / ˈlæpɪderi/
• lapid: stone
• a cutter, polisher, or engraver of precious stones usually other than diamonds

  the art of cutting gems

• 寶石工藝匠;寶石雕琢術
• lapidary : gem = apothecary : medicine (對象類比)
  • gem
    • a:JEWEL b: a precious or sometimes semiprecious stone cut and polished for ornament 寶石;寶玉
    • a: something prized especially for great beauty or perfection b: a highly prized or well-beloved person 寶物,珍品;難能可貴的人;十分受人喜愛的人
  • apothecary (apo: far away 藥商從遠方來)
    • one who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes 藥商
• dilapidate (di: apart lapid: stone，/ dɪˈlæpɪdeɪt/) to bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin 使荒廢;毀壞;浪費

  furniture is dilapidated by use Janet Flanner

  • dilapidated <> restored

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Lout

• / laʊt /
• (n.) an awkward brutish person

  (v.) to treat as a lout : SCORN

• 笨拙粗魯的人 (v.) 輕視;嘲弄
• A few foul-mouthed louts in the crowd were shouting racist abuse.
• <>: genteel <> loutish
  • genteel (gentle，/ dʒenˈtiːl /)
    • a: having an aristocratic quality or flavor: STYLISH b: of or relating to the gentry or upper class

      c: elegant or graceful in manner, appearance, or shape d: free from vulgarity or rudeness : POLITE 彬彬有禮的;有教養的

    • marked by false delicacy, prudery, or affectation 附庸風雅的
  • loutish resembling or befitting a lout 笨拙的;粗野的

    BOORISH, CHURLISH, LOUTISH, CLOWNISH mean uncouth in manners or appearance.

    • BOORISH implies rudeness of manner due to insensitiveness to others' feelings and unwillingness to be agreeable a drunk's boorish behavior
    • CHURLISH suggests surliness, unresponsiveness, and ungraciousness churlish remarks
    • LOUTISH implies bodily awkwardness together with stupidity a loutish oaf
    • CLOWNISH suggests ill-bred awkwardness, ignorance or stupidity, ungainliness, and often a propensity for absurd antics an adolescent's clownish conduct
• loutish : graceful = coltish : disciplined (反義類比)
  • coltish (colt: 小馬駒,小雄馬，新手，/ˈkoltɪʆ/) not subjected to discipline 不受拘束的

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Mendicant

• / ˈmendɪkənt /
• BEGGAR

  (v.) beg, cadge

  • cadge (/ kædʒ /) BEG, SPONGE 乞討;乞得 (<> earn)
• 乞丐
• The rich man who deludes himself into behaving like a mendicant may conserve his fortune although he will not be very happy.

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Mentor

• / ˈmentɔːr/
• a friend of Odysseus entrusted with the education of Odysseus' son Telemachus 【希神】曼托(Odysseus的忠實朋友,又為其子的良師)
• a trusted counselor or guide

  TUTOR, COACH

• 良師益友
• My mentors were people I read about, such as Richard Byrd, the explorer, rather than people I knew.
• mentor : guidance = oracle : prophecy (人物動作) (將右邊名詞轉為動詞看待)
  • oracle (/ˈɔːrəkəl/)
    • a person (as a priestess of ancient Greece) through whom a deity is believed to speak 神使,傳神諭者
    • a person giving wise or authoritative decisions or opinions 聖賢;哲人 an authoritative or wise expression or answer 聖言;至理名言
  • prophecy (/ ˈprɒfəsi/) an inspired utterance of a prophet 預言;
  • prophet (/ ˈprɒfət/)
    • one who utters divinely inspired revelations 先知,傳達神旨的人
    • one gifted with more than ordinary spiritual and moral insight; especially: an inspired poet 擁有天賦的人
    • one who foretells future events : PREDICTOR 預言者,預言家 an effective or leading spokesman for a cause, doctrine, or group (主義等的)宣揚者,提倡者
  • prophesy (/ ˈprɒfəsaɪ/) (v.) to utter by or as if by divine inspiration，to predict with assurance or on the basis of mystic knowledge 預言,預告;預示,預兆

    FORETELL, PREDICT, FORECAST, PROPHESY, PROGNOSTICATE mean to tell beforehand.

    • FORETELL applies to the telling of the coming of a future event by any procedure or any source of information seers foretold the calamity
    • PREDICT commonly implies inference from facts or accepted laws of nature astronomers predicted an eclipse
    • FORECAST adds the implication of anticipating eventualities and differs from PREDICT in being usually concerned with probabilities rather than certainties forecast snow
    • PROPHESY connotes inspired or mystic knowledge of the future especially as the fulfilling of divine threats or promises prophesying a new messiah
    • PROGNOSTICATE is used less often than the other words; it may suggest learned or skilled interpretation,

      but more often it is simply a colorful substitute for PREDICT or PROPHESY prognosticating the future

  • 預言家整理： augur, oracle, prophet

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Mountebank

• / ˈmaʊntɪbæŋk /
• mount: climb bank: bench => 登上板凳賣藥的江湖郎中
• a person who sells quack medicines from a platform

  a boastful unscrupulous(無恥的) pretender : CHARLATAN

• 江湖醫生;騙子
• Are you allowing yourselves to be fooled by this mountebank, this harlequin?
• poseur (pose: 擺 pose => 裝模作樣，/ˈpoʊzər/) a person who pretends to be what he or she is not : an affected or insincere person 裝模作樣的人

  (<> sincere person)

• stickler : derelict = poseur : unaffected (反面性質) (題目 stick 跟 de- 就構成反面性質，再加上 un-)
  • stickler one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of something 堅持精確完整的人 be a stickler for detail/rules/accuracy
  • unaffected not influenced or changed mentally, physically, or chemically 不受影響的 free from affectation : GENUINE 純真的;不裝腔作勢的

    affected INCLINED, DISPOSED 受到打動的 given to affectation 受到影響的 assumed artificially or falsely 扭捏作態的

    affect

    • to produce an effect upon 影響;對...發生作用;使感動
    • to be given to : FANCY 愛好,愛用
    • to put on a pretense of : FEIGN 假裝,裝作 affect indifference, though deeply hurt
    • FREQUENT 常去

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Nemesis

• / ˈneməsɪs /
• the Greek goddess of retributive justice 希臘報應之神
• one that inflicts retribution or vengeance

  a formidable and usually victorious rival or opponent

• 給以報應者;復仇者;可怕且通常勝利的對手
• In the final he will meet his old nemesis, Pete Sampras.
• nemesis : vengeance, revenge (人物動作)
  • vengeance (revenge，/ ˈvendʒəns /) punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense : RETRIBUTION 報復;報仇,復仇

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Neophyte

• / ˈniːəfaɪt /
• neo: new
• a new convert : PROSELYTE

  NOVICE, TYRO, BEGINNER

  • novice (nov: new，/ ˈnɒvəs/) a person admitted to probationary membership in a religious community 見習修士(或修女) BEGINNER, TYRO 新手,初學者
  • TYRO (tyr: try，/ˈtaɪro/) a beginner in learning : NOVICE 初學者;生手;新手

    AMATEUR, DILETTANTE, DABBLER, TYRO mean a person who follows a pursuit without attaining proficiency or professional status.

    • AMATEUR often applies to one practicing an art without mastery of its essentials a painting obviously done by an amateur

      in sports it may also suggest not so much lack of skill but avoidance of direct remuneration remained an amateur despite lucrative offers

    • DILETTANTE may apply to the lover of an art rather than its skilled practitioner but usually implies elegant trifling in the arts and an absence of serious commitment

      had no patience for dilettantes

    • DABBLER suggests desultory habits of work and lack of persistence a dabbler who started novels but never finished them

      dabble

      • to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water (把手、腳等)浸入水中;(用手、腳等)嬉水
      • to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 鳥啄水面覓食 (淺淺啄 => 這碰一點、那碰一點)
      • to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest 業餘涉獵
    • TYRO implies inexperience often combined with audacity with resulting crudeness or blundering shows talent but is still a mere tyro
• 新信徒;新入修道院者

  初學者;生手;新手

• inexperience : neophyte = irresponsibility : wastrel (正面性質)(左邊名詞轉為形容詞看待)
  • inexperience (in: not experience) lack of practical experience 無經驗;不熟練 lack of knowledge of the ways of the world 不諳世故
  • irresponsibility (ir: not responsibility) lacking a sense of responsibility 不承擔責任;無責任感
  • wastrel (waste: 揮霍，/ ˈweɪstrəl /) one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-indulgently : PROFLIGATE 浪費者;揮霍者 VAGABOND, WAIF 浪子
• inexperienced : neophyte = ludicrous : buffoon (正面性質)
  • ludicrous (/ ˈluːdɪkrəs /) 滑稽的;荒唐可笑的
    • amusing or laughable through obvious absurdity, incongruity, exaggeration, or eccentricity
    • meriting derisive laughter or scorn as absurdly inept, false, or foolish

      LAUGHABLE, LUDICROUS, RIDICULOUS, COMIC, COMICAL mean provoking laughter or mirth.

      • LAUGHABLE applies to anything occasioning laughter laughable attempts at waterskiing
      • LUDICROUS suggests absurdity that excites both laughter and scorn a thriller with a ludicrous plot
      • RIDICULOUS suggests extreme absurdity, foolishness, or contemptibility a ridiculous portrayal of combat
      • COMIC applies especially to what arouses thoughtful amusement a comic character
      • COMICAL applies to what arouses spontaneous hilarity a comical hat
  • buffoon (/ bəˈfuːn /) a ludicrous figure : CLOWN 丑角;滑稽劇演員 a gross and usually ill-educated or stupid person 粗俗沒教養的人

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Oaf

• /oʊf /
• a stupid person : BOOB

  a big clumsy slow-witted person

  • DOLT (dull) a stupid person 笨蛋;傻瓜
  • DULLARD (dull，ard: 人類名詞結尾) a stupid or unimaginative person 笨蛋
• 愚蠢的人;笨拙遲鈍的人
• <>:
  • wit <> dullard
    • wit (wise)
      • a : MIND, MEMORY b : reasoning power : INTELLIGENCE 智慧,智力
      • mental capability and resourcefulness 心智
      • a person of superior intellect : THINKER 富有機智的人
  • daft <> judicious
    • daft a: SILLY, FOOLISH b: MAD, INSANE 愚笨的;癲狂的
    • judicious (judge，/ dʒuːˈdɪʆəs /) having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment : DISCREET 有見識的;明斷的;明智而審慎的

      WISE, SAGE, SAPIENT, JUDICIOUS, PRUDENT, SENSIBLE, SANE mean having or showing sound judgment.

      • WISE suggests great understanding of people and of situations and unusual discernment and judgment in dealing with them wise beyond his tender years
      • SAGE suggests wide experience, great learning, and wisdom the sage advice of my father
      • SAPIENT suggests great sagacity and discernment the sapient musings of an old philosopher
      • JUDICIOUS stresses a capacity for reaching wise decisions or just conclusions judicious parents using kindness and discipline in equal measure
      • PRUDENT suggests exercise of the restraint of sound practical wisdom and discretion a prudent decision to wait out the storm
      • SENSIBLE applies to action guided and restrained by good sense and rationality a sensible woman who was not fooled by flattery
      • SANE stresses mental soundness, rationality, and levelheadedness remained sane even in times of crises
  • puerile <> sagacious
    • puerile (pure，/ ˈpjʊəraɪl/) JUVENILE，CHILDISH, SILLY 孩子氣的;天真的;未成熟的
    • sagacious (sage，/ səˈgeɪʆəs /) a: of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment: DISCERNING b: caused by or indicating acute discernment 睿智的;有遠見的;聰慧的
• dolt : stupid = wag : humorous = sage : wise (正面性質)
  • wag (wise)
    • WIT, JOKER 愛說笑打趣的人,能言善辯的人
    • (v.) to move to and fro or up and down especially with quick jerky motions 搖,搖擺,搖動
    • (v.) to move in chatter or gossip 議論紛紛 scandal caused tongues to wag
  • sage one (as a profound philosopher) distinguished for wisdom，a mature or venerable man of sound judgment 聖人,賢人;哲人,德高望重的人

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Pariah

• / pəˈraɪə/
• a member of a low caste of southern India

  OUTCAST (one that is cast out or refused acceptance (as by society) : PARIAH)

• 印度世襲階級中的賤民;被輕蔑(或排斥)者
• paragon : admire = pariah : contempt, ostracize = prisoner : confine (被動關係)
  • paragon (/ ˈpærəgən/) a model of excellence or perfection 完美模範
  • ostracize (/ˈɒstrəsaɪz/) to exclude from a group by common consent 放逐;排斥
  • confine (con-: together fine: 限制) to keep within limits, IMPRISON 限制;使局限 幽禁 He was allegedly confined in a narrow, dark room for two months.

    LIMIT, RESTRICT, CIRCUMSCRIBE, CONFINE mean to set bounds for.

    • LIMIT implies setting a point or line (as in time, space, speed, or degree) beyond which something cannot or is not permitted to go

      visits are limited to 30 minutes

    • RESTRICT suggests a narrowing or tightening or restraining within or as if within an encircling boundary laws intended to restrict the freedom of the press
    • CIRCUMSCRIBE stresses a restriction on all sides and by clearly defined boundaries the work of the investigating committee was carefully circumscribed
    • CONFINE suggests severe restraint and a resulting cramping, fettering, or hampering our freedom of choice was confined by finances

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Philistine

• / ˈfɪləstɪn/
• a native or inhabitant of ancient Philistia 古 Philistia 居民，被認為沒有文化
• a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values : BARBARIAN
• 對藝術一竅不通的(人),排斥藝術的(人),俗不可耐的(人)
• <>: aesthete (aesthetic，/ ˈeːsθiːt/) one having or affecting sensitivity to the beautiful especially in art 審美家
• asethete : beautifulness = connoisseur : art = gourmet : cuisine (人物對象)
  • connoisseur, gourmet, cuisine 見 connoisseur 之類比

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Poltroon

• /pɒlˈtrun/
• a spiritless coward

  (GRE「懦夫」字)

  • COWARD one who shows disgraceful fear or timidity 懦夫,膽怯者
  • craven one that lacks the least bit of courage : contemptibly fainthearted 懦夫,膽小鬼 (可當 adj.)
  • dastard
  • recreant
• 懦夫;膽小鬼

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Potentate

• /ˈpoʊtənteɪt/
• RULER, SOVEREIGN; broadly: one who wields(揮舞、行使) great power or sway(搖擺;支配;統治;影響;權勢)
• 君主;統治者;有權勢的人
• <>: subject one who lives in the territory of, enjoys the protection of, and owes allegiance to a sovereign power or state (君主國)國民,臣民
• virtuoso : skill = potentate : power (人物擁有)

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Quack

• / kwæk /
• (v.) to make the characteristic cry of a duck

  (n.) a noise made by quacking

  (n.) CHARLATAN, a pretender to medical skill

  • charlatan
  • mountebank
• (v.) (鴨)呱呱叫;發嘎嘎聲 (n.) 鴨叫聲,呱呱聲;嘎嘎聲 (n.) 冒充內行的人;騙子;庸醫,江湖醫生 (v.) 冒充內行,招搖撞騙
• uncouth : churl = pretentious : quack (人物性質)
  • churl (/ tʆɜːl/)
    • RUSTIC, COUNTRYMAN 村夫;農夫;鄉下人
    • a rude ill-bred person 沒有教養的粗野者;粗暴的人
    • a stingy morose person 吝嗇鬼
  • pretentious (pretend) characterized by pretension: as a: making usually unjustified or excessive claims (as of value or standing)

    b: expressive of affected, unwarranted, or exaggerated importance, worth, or stature 矯飾的,做作的;炫耀的;自負的;自命不凡的;狂妄的

    SHOWY, PRETENTIOUS, OSTENTATIOUS mean given to excessive outward display.

    • SHOWY implies an imposing or striking appearance but usually suggests cheapness or poor taste the performers' showy costumes
    • PRETENTIOUS implies an appearance of importance not justified by the thing's value or the person's standing a pretentious parade of hard words
    • OSTENTATIOUS stresses vainglorious display or parade the ostentatious summer homes of the rich

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Recreant

• / ˈrekriənt/
• re: back cre: creed 信條
• COWARD，APOSTATE, DESERTER

  (GRE「懦夫」字)

  • COWARD one who shows disgraceful fear or timidity 懦夫,膽怯者
  • craven one that lacks the least bit of courage : contemptibly fainthearted 懦夫,膽小鬼 (可當 adj.)
  • dastard
  • poltroon
  • DESERTER (/ dɪˈzɜːtər/) 背棄者,擅離職守者;逃兵

    desert (v.)

    • to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return 背棄
    • to leave in the lurch 背棄
    • to abandon (military service) without leave(許可、同意) 擅離職守;逃兵
• 懦夫,膽小鬼;背叛者,變節者
• miscreant (形似義異字，mis-, cre: creed 信條，/ ˈmɪskriənt /)
  • INFIDEL, HERETIC 異端
  • one who behaves criminally or viciously 惡棍;歹徒
• miscreant <> law-abiding individual, saint
  • law-abiding abiding by or obedient to the law 守法的

    abide

    • to wait for : AWAIT 等候
    • a : to endure without yielding : WITHSTAND b : to bear patiently : TOLERATE 忍受,容忍
    • to accept without objection 無異議接受
  • saint one eminent for piety or virtue 似聖徒般的人;道德崇高的人;虔誠的人
• miscreant : crime = visionary : delusion (人物性質)
  • visionary (vision)
    • (adj.) a: of the nature of a vision: ILLUSORY b: incapable of being realized or achieved: UTOPIAN c: existing only in imagination: UNREAL 想像中的;不切實際的
    • (adj.) having or marked by foresight and imagination 有遠見的;富於想像力的
    • (adj.) disposed to reverie or imagining : DREAMY 耽於幻想的,好夢想的
    • (n.) one whose ideas or projects are impractical: DREAMER 好幻想的人;空想家;有幻覺的人 one who sees visions : SEER 有遠見卓識者
  • delusion the act of deluding: the state of being deluded 錯覺;幻覺;妄想症

    delude to mislead the mind or judgment of : DECEIVE, TRICK 欺騙;哄騙;迷惑

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Renegade

• / ˈrenəgeɪd /
• a deserter from one faith, cause, or allegiance to another

  an individual who rejects lawful or conventional behavior

  • apostate
  • recreant
• 背教者;變節者;叛徒;離經叛道的人

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Savant

• / ˈsævənt/
• sav: 知道
• a person of learning; especially: one with detailed knowledge in some specialized field (as of science or literature)
  • virtuoso
• 學者;專家
• At the start of his research into savants there were only 50 known cases in the world.

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Sluggard

• / ˈslʌgəd/
• slug: 蛞蝓 (行動緩慢 => 看起來懶) ard: 人的字尾
• an habitually lazy person

  (GRE 三大動物名稱的懶惰) (其中一個也不算動物名稱啦，且只是取諧音 -.-)

  • sloth (樹獺，看起來懶惰)
  • sluggard (slug: 蛞蝓)
  • indolence (用「印度人」諧音記)
• 懶鬼
• rapscallion, rascal : mischievous = sluggard : lazy (人物性質)
  • rapscallion (rascal，/ ræpˈskæljən /) RASCAL, NE'ER-DO-WELL 惡棍,流氓
  • rascal (/ˈræskəl/) a mean, unprincipled, or dishonest person 流氓,無賴,惡棍 a mischievous person or animal 淘氣鬼,搗蛋鬼
  • mischievous (/ ˈmɪstʆɪvəs /)
    • HARMFUL, INJURIOUS 有害的;惡意傷人的 mischievous gossip
    • a: able or tending to cause annoyance, trouble, or minor injury b: irresponsibly playful 惡作劇的;調皮的,淘氣的 mischievous behavior
  • imp a: a small demon : FIEND b: a mischievous child : URCHIN 小魔鬼;頑童,小淘氣
  • brat (/ bræt /) a: CHILD; specifically: an ill-mannered annoying child b: an ill-mannered immature person 頑童,小搗蛋;小傢伙

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Tyro

• /ˈtaɪro/
• tyr: try
• a beginner in learning : NOVICE

  AMATEUR, DILETTANTE, DABBLER, TYRO mean a person who follows a pursuit without attaining proficiency or professional status.

  • AMATEUR often applies to one practicing an art without mastery of its essentials a painting obviously done by an amateur

    in sports it may also suggest not so much lack of skill but avoidance of direct remuneration remained an amateur despite lucrative offers

  • DILETTANTE may apply to the lover of an art rather than its skilled practitioner but usually implies elegant trifling in the arts and an absence of serious commitment

    had no patience for dilettantes

  • DABBLER suggests desultory habits of work and lack of persistence a dabbler who started novels but never finished them

    dabble

    • to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water (把手、腳等)浸入水中;(用手、腳等)嬉水
    • to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 鳥啄水面覓食 (淺淺啄 => 這碰一點、那碰一點)
    • to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest 業餘涉獵
  • TYRO implies inexperience often combined with audacity with resulting crudeness or blundering shows talent but is still a mere tyro
  • neophyte
  • novice (nov: new，/ ˈnɒvəs/) a person admitted to probationary membership in a religious community 見習修士(或修女) BEGINNER, TYRO 新手,初學者
• 初學者;生手;新手

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Vanguard

• / ˈvængɑːrd/
• van: advance guard => 前衛、前鋒
• the troops moving at the head of an army

  the forefront of an action or movement

• 先鋒;前鋒;先頭部隊;先導
• <>: rear the back part of something: as the unit (as of an army) or area farthest from the enemy 後方;(部隊,艦隊等的)後尾 the space or position at the back 後部,後面
  • precursor, forerunner <> adherent
    • precursor (pre，cur: run) a: one that precedes and indicates the approach of another b: PREDECESSOR 前導;先驅;前輩;前兆
    • forerunner (fore，runner)
      • one that precedes and indicates the approach of another: as a premonitory sign or symptom 先行者,先驅者;先導;前驅;預兆;徵候
      • PREDECESSOR, ANCESTOR 先人,祖先;
    • FORERUNNER, PRECURSOR, HARBINGER, HERALD mean one that goes before or announces the coming of another.
      • FORERUNNER is applicable to anything that serves as a sign or presage the blockade was the forerunner of war
      • PRECURSOR applies to a person or thing paving the way for the success or accomplishment of another 18th-century poets like Burns were precursors of the Romantics
      • HARBINGER and HERALD both apply, chiefly figuratively, to one that proclaims or announces the coming or arrival of a notable event

        their early victory was the harbinger of a winning season，the herald of a new age in medicine

    • adherent one that adheres: as a: a follower of a leader, party, or profession b: a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or church 追隨者,擁護者

      (可當 adj.: 黏著的;附著的)

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Virtuoso

• /ˌvɜːrtʆuˈoʊsoʊ /
• an experimenter or investigator especially in the arts and sciences : SAVANT

  one skilled in or having a taste for the fine arts

  one who excels in the technique of an art; especially: a highly skilled musical performer (as on the violin)

  a person who has great skill at some endeavor

• 藝術愛好者;古董收藏家;藝術大師;音樂名手;大師
• <>: beginner
  • virtuosity <> mediocrity
    • virtuosity great technical skill (as in the practice of a fine art) (在美術、音樂等方面的)精湛技藝
    • mediocrity (med: 中間，/ ˌmiːdiˈɒkrəti) a: the quality or state of being mediocre b: moderate ability or value 平凡;平庸

      mediocre (med: 中間，/ ˌmiːdiˈɒkrə/) of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance : ORDINARY, SO-SO 中等的;平凡的;二流的

• virtuoso : skill = potentate : power (人物擁有)
• lackadaisical (lack, a, dais: day，/ ˌlækəˈdeɪzɪkəl/) lacking life, spirit, or zest : LANGUID 懶散的;無精打采的

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Votary

• /ˈvoʊtəri/
• vote
• a: ENTHUSIAST, DEVOTEE b: a devoted admirer

  a: a devout or zealous worshiper b: a staunch(堅定的) believer or advocate

• 熱心者;崇拜者;信徒
• <>: skeptic an adherent or advocate of skepticism 懷疑者;懷疑論者 a person disposed to skepticism especially regarding religion or religious principles 無神論者

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Zealot

• / ˈzelət /
• a zealous person; especially: a fanatical partisan

  zeal (/ ziːl /) eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something : FERVOR 熱心;熱誠

  PASSION, FERVOR, ARDOR, ENTHUSIASM, ZEAL mean intense emotion compelling action.

  • PASSION applies to an emotion that is deeply stirring or ungovernable was a slave to his passions
  • FERVOR implies a warm and steady emotion read the poem aloud with great fervor
  • ARDOR (ar: fire => arson 縱火犯)suggests warm and excited feeling likely to be fitful or short-lived the ardor of their honeymoon soon faded
  • ENTHUSIASM applies to lively or eager interest in or admiration for a proposal, cause, or activity never showed much enthusiasm for sports
  • ZEAL implies energetic and unflagging pursuit of an aim or devotion to a cause preaches with the zeal of the converted
• (GRE 4 「熱情」)
  • zeal
  • eagerness marked by enthusiastic or impatient desire or interest 渴望;熱心;熱切
  • ardor (ar: fire => arson: 縱火犯，/ˈɑːrdər/) a: an often restless or transitory warmth of feeling b: extreme vigor or energy: INTENSITY c: ZEAL 激情;狂熱;熱情;熱忱;熱切
  • fervor (fer: fire，/ˈfɜːvər/) intensity of feeling or expression 熱烈,熱情
• 熱心者;狂熱者
• <>:
  • indifference, torpor <> zeal
    • indifference the quality, state, or fact of being indifferent 漠不關心;冷淡;不感興趣

      indifferent

      • marked by impartiality : UNBIASED 不偏不倚的;中立的
      • of no importance or value one way or the other 不重要的,無關緊要的
      • marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something : APATHETIC 不感興趣的;不關心的;冷淡的
      • being neither good nor bad : MEDIOCRE 中等的;一般性的;平庸的
    • tropor (/ˈtɔːrpər/) APATHY, DULLNESS，a state of mental and motor inactivity with partial or total insensibility : extreme sluggishness or stagnation of function 不活潑;遲鈍;懶散

      LETHARGY, LANGUOR, LASSITUDE, STUPOR, TORPOR mean physical or mental inertness.

      • LETHARGY implies such drowsiness or aversion to activity as is induced by disease, injury, or drugs months of lethargy followed my accident
      • LANGUOR (languish) suggests inertia induced by an enervating climate or illness or love languor induced by a tropical vacation
      • LASSITUDE stresses listlessness or indifference resulting from fatigue or poor health a depression marked by lassitude
      • STUPOR implies a deadening of the mind and senses by shock, narcotics, or intoxicants lapsed into an alcoholic stupor
      • TORPOR implies a state of suspended animation as of hibernating animals but may suggest merely extreme sluggishness a once alert mind now in a torpor
  • lack of fervor <> zealotry
    • zealotry (/ ˈzelətri/) excess of zeal : fanatical devotion 狂熱;狂熱行為
  • vapid <> zesty
    • vapid (vapor) lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force : FLAT, DULL 無味的;無生氣的;無趣味的

      INSIPID, VAPID, FLAT, JEJUNE, BANAL, INANE mean devoid of qualities that make for spirit and character.

      • INSIPID implies a lack of sufficient taste or savor to please or interest an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
      • VAPID suggests a lack of liveliness, force, or spirit an exciting story given a vapid treatment
      • FLAT applies to things that have lost their sparkle or zest although well-regarded in its day, the novel now seems flat
      • JEJUNE suggests a lack of rewarding or satisfying substance a jejune and gassy speech
      • BANAL stresses the complete absence of freshness, novelty, or immediacy a banal tale of unrequited love
      • INANE implies a lack of any significant or convincing quality an inane interpretation of the play
    • zesty (形似義異，/ ˈzesti/) having or characterized by zest 興致很高的

      zest

      • an enjoyably exciting quality : PIQUANCY，keen enjoyment : RELISH, GUSTO 風趣;興趣
      • a piece of the peel or of the thin outer skin of an orange or lemon used as flavoring 增加風味之物
• zeal : fervor = spendthrift : improviodence (正面性質)
  • spendthrift (spend，thrift，/ ˈspendˌθrɪft / ) a person who spends improvidently or wastefully 揮霍無度的人;放蕩者
  • improvidence (/ ɪmˈprɒvɒdəns/) the quality or state of being improvident 浪費;無先見之明;淺見

    improvident (/ ɪmˈprɒvɒdənt) not provident : not foreseeing and providing for the future 無先見之明的;淺見的

    provident making provision for the future : PRUDENT 有先見之明的;深謀遠慮的 FRUGAL, SAVING 節儉的

• zeal : dedication, conviction = rage : anger = resoluteness : will (程度類比)(zeal 若非「反義類比」即為「程度類比」)

  zeal > dedication, conviction = rage > anger = resoluteness > will

  • dedication a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose 專心致力,獻身 I admire his dedication to the job.
  • conviction
    • the act or process of convicting of a crime especially in a court of law 定罪;證明有罪
    • the act of convincing a person of error or of compelling the admission of a truth

      the state of being convinced of error or compelled to admit the truth 服罪;認罪

    • a strong persuasion or belief 確信,信念
    • the state of being convinced 被說服

      CERTAINTY, CERTITUDE, CONVICTION mean a state of being free from doubt.

      • CERTAINTY and CERTITUDE are very close;

        CERTAINTY may stress the existence of objective proof claims that cannot be confirmed with scientific certainty

        while CERTITUDE may emphasize a faith in something not needing or not capable of proof believes with certitude in an afterlife

      • CONVICTION applies especially to belief strongly held by an individual holds firm convictions on every issue
  • rage
    • a: violent and uncontrolled anger b: a fit of violent wrath (一陣)狂怒,盛怒
    • violent action (as of wind or sea) (風浪,火勢等)狂暴,肆虐
    • an intense feeling : PASSION 強烈的慾望,狂熱
    • a fad pursued with intense enthusiasm 風靡一時的事物 was all the rage
• zealous : dedication = mesmerized : interest (程度類比)(zealous 非「反義類比」即為「程度類比」)

  zealous > dedication = mesmerized > interest

• zealous : entusiastic, devoted = idolatrous : devoted = fastidious : careful (程度類比)(zealous 非「反義類比」即為「程度類比」)

  zealous > entusiastic, devoted = idolatrous > devoted = fastidious > careful

  • devoted characterized by loyalty and devotion 獻身的;虔誠的;專心致志的;忠實的;摯愛的
  • idolatrous (idol，/ aɪˈdɒlətrəs/) of or relating to idolatry，having the character of idolatry，given to idolatry 崇拜偶像的

    idolatry (idol，/ aɪˈdɒlətri/) the worship of a physical object as a god，immoderate attachment or devotion to something 偶像崇拜;盲目崇拜;過度崇信

  • fastidious (tidi: tidy，/ fæˈstɪdiəs /) 愛挑剔的;難討好的;過分講究的;過份小心
    • having high and often capricious standards : difficult to please
    • showing or demanding excessive delicacy or care
    • reflecting a meticulous, sensitive, or demanding attitude
    • having complex nutritional requirements
• miser : munificent = zealot : blase (反面性質)
  • miser (/ ˈmaɪzər/) a mean grasping person; especially: one who is extremely stingy with money 吝嗇鬼;守財奴

    (miser : stingy 為「正面性質」)

  • munificent (muni: gift，/ mjuːˈnɪfəsənt/) very liberal in giving or bestowing : LAVISH，characterized by great liberality or generosity 寬宏的;慷慨的

    LIBERAL, GENEROUS, BOUNTIFUL, MUNIFICENT mean giving or given freely and unstintingly.

    • LIBERAL suggests openhandedness in the giver and largeness in the thing or amount given a teacher liberal with her praise
    • GENEROUS stresses warmhearted readiness to give more than size or importance of the gift a generous offer of help
    • BOUNTIFUL suggests lavish, unremitting giving or providing children spoiled by bountiful presents
    • MUNIFICENT suggests a scale of giving appropriate to lords or princes a munificent foundation grant
  • blase (/ ˈblɑːzeɪ/)
    • apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment : WORLD-WEARY 玩厭了的
    • SOPHISTICATED, WORLDLY-WISE 老於世故的
    • UNCONCERNED 不感興趣的,漠不關心的

      SOPHISTICATED, WORLDLY-WISE, BLASE mean experienced in the ways of the world.

      • SOPHISTICATED often implies refinement, urbanity, cleverness, and cultivation guests at her salon were usually rich and sophisticated
      • WORLDLY-WISE suggests a close and practical knowledge of the affairs and manners of society and an inclination toward materialism

        a worldly-wise woman with a philosophy of personal independence

      • BLASE implies a lack of responsiveness to common joys as a result of a real or affected surfeit of experience and cultivation blase travelers who claimed to have been everywhere

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Agronomist

• / əˈgrɒnəmɪst/
• agro: agriculture
• one person in a branch of agriculture dealing with field-crop production and soil management
• 農(藝)學家

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Chauvinist

• /ˈʆoʊvənɪst/
• chauvinism 沙文主義
• one that believes in chauvinism

  chauvinism

  • excessive or blind patriotism 盲目的愛國心
  • undue partiality or attachment to a group or place to which one belongs or has belonged 對自己所屬團體、地域過於偏袒
  • an attitude of superiority toward members of the opposite sex; also: behavior expressive of such an attitude 對自身性別過於有優越感
• 盲目的愛國者;沙文主義者
• chauvinistic : patriotic = gullible : receptive (程度關係)(且一負面一正面)

  chauvinistic > patriotic = gullible > receptive

  • patriotic (/ ˌpætriˈɒtɪk◂/) inspired by patriotism，befitting or characteristic of a patriot 愛國的

    patriotism love for or devotion to one's country 愛國心;愛國精神;愛國主義

  • receptive (receive) able or inclined to receive; especially: open and responsive to ideas, impressions, or suggestions 善於接受的;能容納的

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Cynic

• / ˈsɪnɪk /
• a faultfinding captious(吹毛求疵、強詞奪理) critic; especially: one who believes that human conduct is motivated wholly by self-interest

  cynical (adj.)

  • CAPTIOUS, PEEVISH 挖苦的,冷嘲的
  • having or showing the attitude or temper of a cynic; especially: contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives 憤世嫉俗的;懷疑人間有真誠善意的

    CYNICAL, MISANTHROPIC, PESSIMISTIC mean deeply distrustful.

    • CYNICAL implies having a sneering disbelief in sincerity or integrity cynical about politicians' motives
    • MISANTHROPIC suggests a rooted distrust and dislike of human beings and their society a solitary and misanthropic artist
    • PESSIMISTIC implies having a gloomy, distrustful view of life pessimistic about the future
• 犬儒學派之徒;諷世者
• ingenue : sophistication = cynic : trustfulness (反面性質)(左邊沒有右邊)
  • ingenue (/ˈændʒənuː / ) a naive girl or young woman 純真的少女 the stage role of an ingenue; also: an actress playing such a role 劇中純真少女角色;飾演的女演員
  • sophistication
    • a: the use of sophistry : sophistic reasoning b: SOPHISM, QUIBBLE 詭辯;謬論
    • the process of making impure or weak : ADULTERATION 攙假;竄改
    • the process or result of becoming cultured, knowledgeable, or disillusioned; especially: CULTIVATION, URBANITY 有教養;老於世故;老練
    • the process or result of becoming more complex, developed, or subtle (科技產品的)複雜;精密
  • trustfulness full of trust 相信;信賴

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Numismatist

• / njuːˈmɪzmətɪst/
• numismatics the study or collection of coins, tokens, and paper money and sometimes related objects (as medals) 貨幣學;古幣的收集(或研究)
• one who studies or collects coins, tokens, and paper money and sometimes related objects (as medals)
• 貨幣學者;古幣研究家(或收藏家)
• numismatist : coins = philatelist : stamps (人物對象)
  • philatelist (/ fəˈlætəlɪst/) a specialist in philately : one who collects or studies stamps 集郵家

    philately the collection and study of postage and imprinted stamps : stamp collecting 集郵;集郵的興趣

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Ornithologist

• /ˌɔːrnəˈθɑːlədʒɪst/
• orni: bird
• one who studies a branch of zoology dealing with birds
• 鳥類學家
• falcon : ornithologist (人物對象)
  • falcon 隼;(打獵用的)獵鷹

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Acumen

• / əˈkjuːmən/
• acute
• keenness and depth of, discernment, or discrimination especially in practical matters

  DISCERNMENT, DISCRIMINATION, PERCEPTION, PENETRATION, INSIGHT, ACUMEN mean a power to see what is not evident to the average mind.

  • DISCERNMENT stresses accuracy (as in reading character or motives or appreciating art) the discernment to know true friends
  • DISCRIMINATION stresses the power to distinguish and select what is true or appropriate or excellent

    the discrimination that develops through listening to a lot of great music

  • PERCEPTION implies quick and often sympathetic discernment (as of shades of feeling) a novelist of keen perception into human motives
  • PENETRATION implies a searching mind that goes beyond what is obvious or superficial lacks the penetration to see the scorn beneath their friendly smiles
  • INSIGHT suggests depth of discernment coupled with understanding sympathy a documentary providing insight into the plight of the homeless
  • ACUMEN implies characteristic penetration combined with keen practical judgment a director of reliable box-office acumen
• 銳敏;聰明
• The firm's success is largely due to Brannon's commercial acumen.
• <>: inability to discern
• acumen : shrewd = alacrity : prompt (正面性質)
  • shrewd (/ ʆruːd /)
    • a: SEVERE, HARD 嚴重的 a shrewd knock b: SHARP, PIERCING 強烈的 a shrewd wind
    • marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded acumen 機靈的,敏銳的,聰穎的 shrewd common sense
    • given to wily and artful ways or dealing 精明的;狡猾的 a shrewd operator

      SHREWD, SAGACIOUS, PERSPICACIOUS, ASTUTE mean acute in perception and sound in judgment.

      • SHREWD stresses practical, hardheaded cleverness and judgment a shrewd judge of character
      • SAGACIOUS (saga: sage) suggests wisdom, penetration, and farsightedness sagacious investors got in on the ground floor
      • PERSPICACIOUS implies unusual power to see through and understand what is puzzling or hidden a perspicacious counselor saw through the child's facade
      • ASTUTE suggests shrewdness, perspicacity, and diplomatic skill an astute player of party politics
  • alacrity (/ əˈlækrəti /) promptness in response : cheerful readiness 活潑;敏捷;輕快 accepted the invitation with alacrity
  • prompt being ready and quick to act as occasion demands 敏捷的,迅速的 performed readily or immediately 及時的 prompt assistance
• acute : discern = evanescent : vanish (正面性質) (左邊容易右邊)
  • acute (/ əˈkjuːt /)
    • characterized by sharpness or severity 劇烈的,激烈的;嚴重的
    • having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course 急性的
    • lasting a short time 短暫的
    • being or forming an angle measuring less than 90 degrees 銳角的
    • marked by keen discernment or intellectual perception especially of subtle distinctions : PENETRATING 敏銳的 an acute thinker
    • responsive to slight impressions or stimuli 敏銳的 acute hearing

      ACUTE, CRITICAL, CRUCIAL mean of uncertain outcome.

      • ACUTE stresses intensification of conditions leading to a culmination or breaking point an acute housing shortage
      • CRITICAL adds to ACUTE implications of imminent change, of attendant suspense, and of decisiveness in the outcome the war has entered a critical phase
      • CRUCIAL suggests a dividing of the ways and often a test or trial involving the determination of a future course or direction a crucial vote
  • discern
    • a: to detect with the eyes 看出 b: to detect with senses other than vision 察覺到
    • to recognize or identify as separate and distinct : DISCRIMINATE 分辨,識別;
    • to come to know or recognize mentally 認識,領悟
  • evanescent (vane: vanish，/ ˌevəˈnesənt/) tending to vanish like vapor 像蒸汽般消失的

    TRANSIENT, TRANSITORY, EPHEMERAL, MOMENTARY, FUGITIVE, FLEETING, EVANESCENT mean lasting or staying only a short time.

    • TRANSIENT applies to what is actually short in its duration or stay a hotel catering primarily to transient guests
    • TRANSITORY applies to what is by its nature or essence bound to change, pass, or come to an end fame in the movies is transitory
    • EPHEMERAL implies striking brevity of life or duration many slang words are ephemeral
    • MOMENTARY suggests coming and going quickly and therefore being merely a brief interruption of a more enduring state my feelings of guilt were only momentary
    • FUGITIVE and FLEETING imply passing so quickly as to make apprehending difficult

      let a fugitive smile flit across his face，fleeting moments of joy

    • EVANESCENT suggests a quick vanishing and an airy or fragile quality the story has an evanescent touch of whimsy that is lost in translation

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Affinity

• / əˈfɪnəti /
• fin: close
• relationship by marriage

  an attraction to or liking for something

  a person especially of the opposite sex having a particular attraction for one

  likeness based on relationship or causal connection

  ATTRACTION, AFFINITY, SYMPATHY mean the relationship existing between things or persons that are naturally or involuntarily drawn together.

  • ATTRACTION implies the possession by one thing of a quality that pulls another to it felt an attraction to danger
  • AFFINITY implies a susceptibility or predisposition on the part of the one drawn an affinity for mathematics
  • SYMPATHY implies a reciprocal or natural relation between two things that are both susceptible to the same influence two minds in sympathy
• 姻親關係;

  喜好,本性,傾向

  (尤指對異性)有吸引力的人

  (語言、生物等之間的)類同;相像

• his remarkable affinity with animals
• <>:
  • aversion (a: away ver: turn => turn away => 厭惡，/ əˈvɜːʆən/) 厭惡,反感
    • a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it
    • a settled dislike : ANTIPATHY
    • a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one

      because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus

  • repugnance (re: against pug: fight，/ rɪˈpʌgnəns /)

    the quality or fact of being contradictory or inconsistent 矛盾;抵觸 strong dislike, distaste, or antagonism 厭惡;反感

  • antipathy (/ ænˈtɪpəθi /) settled aversion or dislike : DISTASTE 反感,厭惡

    ENMITY, HOSTILITY, ANTIPATHY, ANTAGONISM, ANIMOSITY, RANCOR, ANIMUS mean deep-seated dislike or ill will.

    • ENMITY suggests positive hatred which may be open or concealed an unspoken enmity
    • HOSTILITY suggests an enmity showing itself in attacks or aggression hostility between the two nations
    • ANTIPATHY and ANTAGONISM imply a natural or logical basis for one's hatred or dislike,

      ANTIPATHY suggesting repugnance, a desire to avoid or reject

      ANTAGONISM suggesting a clash of temperaments leading readily to hostility

      a natural antipathy for self-seekers，antagonism between the brothers

    • ANIMOSITY suggests intense ill will and vindictiveness that threaten to kindle hostility animosity that led to revenge
    • RANCOR is especially applied to bitter brooding over a wrong rancor filled every line of his letters
    • ANIMUS adds to animosity the implication of strong prejudice objections devoid of personal animus
• apprehension : terror = affection : adoration (程度類比)

  appehension < terror = affection < adoration

  • apprehension
    • the act or power of perceiving or comprehending 理解 a person of dull apprehension
    • the result of apprehending mentally : CONCEPTION 領悟;想法 according to popular apprehension
    • seizure by legal process : ARREST 逮捕,拘押
    • suspicion or fear especially of future evil : FOREBODING 恐懼,憂慮,擔心,掛念(未來的邪惡)
  • terror
    • a state of intense fear 恐怖,驚駭
    • a: one that inspires fear: SCOURGE b: a frightening aspect c: a cause of anxiety: WORRY d: an appalling person or thing; especially: BRAT 引起恐怖的事物(或人)
    • violence (as bombing) committed by groups in order to intimidate a population or government into granting their demands 恐怖行動
  • adoration (adore) the act of adoring : the state of being adored 崇拜,敬愛;傾慕

    adore to worship or honor as a deity or as divine 崇拜,崇敬 to regard with loving admiration and devotion 熱愛 to be extremely fond of 極喜歡

  • affection
    • a moderate feeling or emotion 溫和的感覺、情緒
    • tender attachment : FONDNESS 愛慕;感情 she had a deep affection for her parents
    • DISEASE, MALADY 疾病,感染
    • ATTRIBUTE 屬性 shape and weight are affections of bodies
    • the feeling aspect (as in pleasure) of consciousness
    • the action of affecting : the state of being affected 影響
    • PROPENSITY, DISPOSITION 傾向,習性
• embrace, kiss : affection = shrug : indifference = scowl : displeasure (肢體語言表達感受)
  • embrace
    • to clasp in the arms : HUG 擁抱
    • CHERISH, LOVE 珍惜愛護
    • ENCIRCLE, ENCLOSE 圍住,環繞
    • to take up especially readily or gladly 欣然接受 embrace a cause
    • to avail oneself of : WELCOME 抓住(機會等); embraced the opportunity to study further
    • to take in or include as a part, item, or element of a more inclusive whole 包括,包含 charity embraces all acts that contribute to human welfare
    • to be equal or equivalent to 等於 his assets embraced $10
  • shrug (/ ʆrʌg /) to raise or draw in the shoulders especially to express aloofness, indifference, or uncertainty (表示疑惑,蔑視,無奈等)聳(肩)
  • indifference the quality, state, or fact of being indifferent 漠不關心;冷淡;不感興趣

    indifferent

    • marked by impartiality : UNBIASED 不偏不倚的;中立的
    • of no importance or value one way or the other 不重要的,無關緊要的
    • marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something : APATHETIC 不感興趣的;不關心的;冷淡的
    • being neither good nor bad : MEDIOCRE 中等的;一般性的;平庸的
  • scowl (/ skaʊl /) to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure 皺眉; to exhibit a threatening aspect 沈下臉,顯怒容

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Alacrity

• / əˈlækrəti/
• a: not lac: lag
• promptness in response : cheerful readiness
• 活潑;敏捷;輕快
• She accepted with alacrity.
• <>:
  • dilatoriness (di: seperate lat: late) 遲緩;拖延

    dilatory (adj.) 慢的;拖延的

    • tending or intended to cause delay dilatory tactics
    • characterized by procrastination : TARDY *dilatory in paying bills*
  • sluggishness (slug: 蛞蝓，被視作懶散 => sluggard) 不活潑;遲緩

    sluggish

    • averse to activity or exertion : INDOLENT; also : TORPID 不大想動的;懶散的
    • slow to respond (as to stimulation or treatment) 緩慢的,遲鈍的
    • a : markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth b : economically inactive or slow 呆滯的;蕭條的
  • hesitance(hesitancy) the quality or state of being hesitant: as a: INDECISION b: RELUCTANCE 遲疑;躊躇 took that drastic step only with the greatest hesitance

    hesitant tending to hesitate 遲疑的;躊躇的

    hesitate to hold back in doubt or indecision 猶疑 to delay momentarily : PAUSE 躊躇 STAMMER 說話吞吞吐吐

    HESITATE, WAVER, VACILLATE, FALTER mean to show irresolution or uncertainty.

    • HESITATE implies a pause before deciding or acting or choosing hesitated before answering the question
    • WAVER implies hesitation after seeming to decide and so connotes weakness or a retreat wavered in his support of the rebels
    • VACILLATE implies prolonged hesitation from inability to reach a firm decision vacillated until events were out of control
    • FALTER implies a wavering or stumbling and often connotes nervousness, lack of courage, or outright fear never once faltered during her testimony
  • recalcitrance (/ rɪˈkælsətrəns/) the state of being recalcitrant 反抗;頑強;不聽話

    recalcitrant (/ rɪˈkælsətrənt /) 反抗的;頑強的;不聽話的

    • obstinately defiant of authority or restraint
    • a: difficult to manage or operate b: not responsive to treatment c: RESISTANT
  • vitality <> languor (languish) weakness or weariness of body or mind，listless indolence or inertia 倦怠;無興趣

    LETHARGY, LANGUOR, LASSITUDE, STUPOR, TORPOR mean physical or mental inertness.

    • LETHARGY implies such drowsiness or aversion to activity as is induced by disease, injury, or drugs months of lethargy followed my accident
    • LANGUOR (languish) suggests inertia induced by an enervating climate or illness or love languor induced by a tropical vacation
    • LASSITUDE stresses listlessness or indifference resulting from fatigue or poor health a depression marked by lassitude
    • STUPOR implies a deadening of the mind and senses by shock, narcotics, or intoxicants lapsed into an alcoholic stupor
    • TORPOR implies a state of suspended animation as of hibernating animals but may suggest merely extreme sluggishness a once alert mind now in a torpor
• acumen : shrewd = alacrity : prompt (正面性質)
  • acumen
  • shrewd (/ ʆruːd /)
    • a: SEVERE, HARD 嚴重的 a shrewd knock b: SHARP, PIERCING 強烈的 a shrewd wind
    • marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded acumen 機靈的,敏銳的,聰穎的 shrewd common sense
    • given to wily and artful ways or dealing 精明的;狡猾的 a shrewd operator

      SHREWD, SAGACIOUS, PERSPICACIOUS, ASTUTE mean acute in perception and sound in judgment.

      • SHREWD stresses practical, hardheaded cleverness and judgment a shrewd judge of character
      • SAGACIOUS (saga: sage) suggests wisdom, penetration, and farsightedness sagacious investors got in on the ground floor
      • PERSPICACIOUS implies unusual power to see through and understand what is puzzling or hidden a perspicacious counselor saw through the child's facade
      • ASTUTE suggests shrewdness, perspicacity, and diplomatic skill an astute player of party politics
  • prompt being ready and quick to act as occasion demands 敏捷的,迅速的 performed readily or immediately 及時的 prompt assistance
• husbandry : dissipate = alacrity : procrastinate (反義類比)
  • husbandry (/ ˈhʌzbəndri /) the control or judicious use of resources: CONSERVATION 節約,節儉

    the cultivation or production of plants and animals : AGRICULTURE 農事,耕種

    the scientific control and management of a branch of farming and especially of domestic animals 管理(飼養業)

  • dissipate (/ ˈdɪsəpeɪt /)
    • a: to break up and drive off (as a crowd) b: to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish c: to lose (as heat or electricity) irrecoverably 驅散(霧等),使消散;消除,使消失
    • to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly 浪費,揮霍
    • to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure; especially: to drink to excess 放蕩;耽於遊樂
    • SCATTER, DISPERSE, DISSIPATE, DISPEL mean to cause to separate or break up.
      • SCATTER implies a force that drives parts or units irregularly in many directions the bowling ball scattered the pins
      • DISPERSE implies a wider separation and a complete breaking up of a mass or group police dispersed the crowd
      • DISSIPATE stresses complete disintegration or dissolution and final disappearance the fog was dissipated by the morning sun
      • DISPEL stresses a driving away or getting rid of as if by scattering an authoritative statement that dispelled all doubt
  • procrastinate (/ prəˈkræstəneɪt /) to put off intentionally and habitually (故意或習慣性)延遲;耽擱

    DELAY, PROCRASTINATE, LAG, LOITER, DAWDLE, DALLY mean to move or act slowly so as to fall behind.

    • DELAY usually implies a putting off (as a beginning or departure) we cannot delay any longer
    • PROCRASTINATE implies blameworthy delay especially through laziness or apathy procrastinates about making decisions
    • LAG implies failure to maintain a speed set by others lagging behind in technology
    • LOITER and DAWDLE imply delay while in progress, especially in walking, but DAWDLE more clearly suggests an aimless wasting of time

      loitered at several store windows，children dawdling on their way home from school

    • DALLY suggests delay through trifling or vacillation when promptness is necessary stop dallying and get to work
• particularize : abstract = lag : alacrity (反義類比)
  • particularize (/pərˈtɪkjuləraɪz/) to state in detail : SPECIFY 詳細說明;列舉
  • abstract a summary of points (as of a writing) usually presented in skeletal form 摘要,梗概
  • lag
    • a: to stay or fall behind : LINGER, LOITER b: to move, function, or develop with comparative slowness 走得慢;落後;延遲;滯緩
    • to slacken or weaken gradually : FLAG 減弱,衰退

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Aplomb

• / əˈplɒm/
• plomb: plummet 測鉛 => 重 => 穩重
• complete and confident composure or self-assurance : POISE

  CONFIDENCE, ASSURANCE, SELF-POSSESSION, APLOMB mean a state of mind or a manner

  marked by easy coolness and freedom from uncertainty, diffidence, or embarrassment.

  • CONFIDENCE stresses faith in oneself and one's powers without any suggestion of conceit or arrogance the confidence that comes from long experience
  • ASSURANCE carries a stronger implication of certainty and may suggest arrogance or lack of objectivity in assessing one's own powers

    handled the cross-examination with complete assurance

  • SELF-POSSESSION implies an ease or coolness under stress that reflects perfect self-control and command of one's powers answered the insolent question with complete self-possession
  • APLOMB implies a manifest self-possession in trying or challenging situations handled the reporters with great aplomb
• 沈著;泰然自若
• Ms Sharpe handled their questions with great aplomb.
• aplomb : flustered (反面性質)

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Aptitude

• / ˈæptətjuːd/
• a: INCLINATION, TENDENCY b: a natural ability : TALENT

  capacity for learning : APTNESS

  general suitability

  GIFT, FACULTY, APTITUDE, BENT, TALENT, GENIUS, KNACK mean a special ability for doing something.

  • GIFT often implies special favor by God or nature the gift of singing beautifully
  • FACULTY applies to an innate or less often acquired ability for a particular accomplishment or function a faculty for remembering names
  • APTITUDE implies a natural liking for some activity and the likelihood of success in it a mechanical aptitude
  • BENT is nearly equal to APTITUDE but it stresses inclination perhaps more than specific ability a family with an artistic bent
  • TALENT suggests a marked natural ability that needs to be developed has enough talent to succeed
  • GENIUS suggests impressive inborn creative ability has no great genius for poetry
  • KNACK implies a comparatively minor but special ability making for ease and dexterity in performance the knack of getting along
• 傾向,習性;天資,才能;穎悟;
• <>:
  • apt <> extremely inappropriate, unlikely
    • apt (adj.)
      • unusually fitted or qualified : READY proved an apt tool in the hands of the conspirators 適合、合格的
      • a: having a tendency: LIKELY 傾向 plants apt to suffer from drought b: ordinarily disposed: INCLINED 傾向 apt to accept what is plausible as true
      • suited to a purpose; especially: being to the point 適合的 an apt quotation
      • keenly intelligent and responsive 聰明的,反應敏捷的
  • aptness <> unsuitablity
    • aptness 適合性
    • unsuitability (un，suit) 不合適;不相稱

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Ardor

• /ˈɑːrdər/
• ar: fire (arson: 縱火)
• a: an often restless or transitory warmth of feeling b: extreme vigor or energy: INTENSITY c: ZEAL d: LOYALTY

  PASSION, FERVOR, ARDOR, ENTHUSIASM, ZEAL

  mean intense emotion compelling action.
  • PASSION applies to an emotion that is deeply stirring or ungovernable was a slave to his passions
  • FERVOR implies a warm and steady emotion read the poem aloud with great fervor
  • ARDOR suggests warm and excited feeling likely to be fitful or short-lived the ardor of their honeymoon soon faded
  • ENTHUSIASM applies to lively or eager interest in or admiration for a proposal, cause, or activity never showed much enthusiasm for sports
  • ZEAL implies energetic and unflagging pursuit of an aim or devotion to a cause preaches with the zeal of the converted
• (GRE 4 「熱情」)
  • ardor
  • zeal
  • eagerness marked by enthusiastic or impatient desire or interest 渴望;熱心;熱切
  • fervor (fer: fire，/ˈfɜːvər/) intensity of feeling or expression 熱烈,熱情
• 激情;狂熱;熱情;熱忱;熱切
• They sang with real ardor.
• assuage : sorrow = dampen : ardor (減少類比)
  • assuage
  • dampen (damp (n.) MOISTURE, HUMIDITY 濕氣,潮濕 DEPRESSION, DEJECTION 消沈,沮喪)
    • to make damp 使潮濕 the shower barely dampened the ground
    • to check or diminish the activity or vigor of : DEADEN 使消沈(澆熄熱情) Raising interest rates might dampen the economy.

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Asperity

• / əˈsperəti/
• asper: rough 粗暴 (ex: exasperate, aspersion)
• RIGOR, SEVERITY

  roughness of surface : UNEVENNESS; also: a tiny projection from a surface

  roughness of sound

  roughness of manner or of temper : HARSHNESS

• 嚴苛艱苦;(表面的)粗糙; (聲音、語調、態度、脾氣的)粗暴
• And he had a notorious asperity for which he was afterwards sometimes penitent.
• <>:
  • mildness of temper
    • mildness 溫和;和善;溫暖

      mild (adj.)

      • gentle in nature or behavior 溫和的,溫柔的
      • a(1): moderate in action or effect 溫和的 (2): not sharp or bitter 味淡的,不濃烈的 b: not being or involving what is extreme 溫和的;不偏激的 an analysis under mild conditions
      • not severe : TEMPERATE a mild climate 溫暖的,柔和的
    • temper
      • a characteristic cast of mind or state of feeling : DISPOSITION 情緒;性情,脾氣
      • calmness of mind : COMPOSURE 冷靜,沈著
      • state of feeling or frame of mind at a particular time usually dominated by a single strong emotion
      • heat of mind or emotion : proneness to anger : PASSION
  • amiability (ami: friend => amigo 朋友) 和藹可親

    amiable (ami: friend) a: generally agreeable 和藹可親的;厚道的 b: being friendly, sociable, and congenial 友好的,友善的

    AMIABLE, GOOD-NATURED, OBLIGING, COMPLAISANT mean having the desire or disposition to please.

    • AMIABLE implies having qualities that make one liked and easy to deal with an amiable teacher not easily annoyed
    • GOOD-NATURED implies cheerfulness or helpfulness and sometimes a willingness to be imposed upon a good-natured girl who was always willing to pitch in
    • OBLIGING stresses a friendly readiness to be helpful our obliging innkeeper found us a bigger room
    • COMPLAISANT often implies passivity or a yielding to others because of weakness was too complaisant to protest a decision he thought unfair
  • soothingness (soothe) tending to soothe; also: having a sedative effect 慰藉;使人寬心

    soothe to please by or as if by attention or concern: PLACATE，RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE，to bring comfort, solace, or reassurance to 安慰,撫慰;使平靜;哄;減輕

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Audacity

• / ɔːˈdæsəti/
• da: daring
• the quality or state of being audacious: as a: intrepid boldness b: bold or arrogant disregard of normal restraints

  TEMERITY, AUDACITY, HARDIHOOD, EFFRONTERY, NERVE, CHEEK, GALL, CHUTZPAH mean conspicuous or flagrant boldness.

  • TEMERITY suggests boldness arising from rashness and contempt of danger had the temerity to refuse
  • AUDACITY implies a disregard of restraints commonly imposed by convention or prudence an entrepreneur with audacity and vision
  • HARDIHOOD suggests firmness in daring and defiance admired for her hardihood
  • EFFRONTERY implies shameless, insolent disregard of propriety or courtesy outraged at his effrontery
  • NERVE, CHEEK, GALL, and CHUTZPAH are informal equivalents for EFFRONTERY

    the nerve of that guy，has the cheek to call herself a singer，had the gall to demand proof，the chutzpah needed for a career in show business

• 大膽,無畏

  魯莽;膽大妄為,厚顏無恥

  魯莽行為;放肆的話

• I can't believe he had the audacity to ask me for more money!
• audacious (da: daring，/ ɔːˈdeɪʆəs/)
  • a: intrepidly daring: ADVENTUROUS 大膽的;無畏的 b: recklessly bold : RASH 魯莽的;
  • contemptuous of law, religion, or decorum : INSOLENT 膽大妄為的,厚顏無恥的
  • marked by originality and verve 具原創活力的
• <>: circumspect <> audacious, reckless
  • circumspect (circum: 環 spect: 看 => 環顧 => 小心) careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences: PRUDENT 慎重的;謹慎小心的

    CAUTIOUS, CIRCUMSPECT, WARY, CHARY mean prudently watchful and discreet in the face of danger or risk.

    • CAUTIOUS implies the exercise of forethought usually prompted by fear of danger a cautious driver
    • CIRCUMSPECT suggests less fear and stresses the surveying of all possible consequences before acting or deciding circumspect in his business dealings
    • WARY emphasizes suspiciousness and alertness in watching for danger and cunning in escaping it keeps a wary eye on the competition
    • CHARY implies a cautious reluctance to give, act, or speak freely chary of signing papers without having read them first
  • reckless (reck: reckon 計算，less => 沒有計算 => 草率)

    marked by lack of proper caution : careless of consequences，IRRESPONSIBLE 不注意的,不在乎的;魯莽的,不顧後果的

    ADVENTUROUS, VENTURESOME, DARING, DAREDEVIL, RASH, RECKLESS, FOOLHARDY mean exposing oneself to danger more than required by good sense.

    • ADVENTUROUS implies a willingness to accept risks but not necessarily imprudence adventurous pioneers
    • VENTURESOME implies a jaunty eagerness for perilous undertakings venturesome stunt pilots
    • DARING heightens the implication of fearlessness in courting danger daring mountain climbers
    • DAREDEVIL stresses ostentation in daring daredevil motorcyclists
    • RASH suggests imprudence and lack of forethought a rash decision
    • RECKLESS implies heedlessness of probable consequences a reckless driver
    • FOOLHARDY suggests a recklessness that is inconsistent with good sense only a foolhardy sailor would venture into this storm
• audacious : trepidation = laconic : garrulity (反面性質)
  • trepidation (/ ˌtrepəˈdeɪʆən /) timorous uncertain agitation : APPREHENSION 驚恐,慌張,不安

    FEAR, DREAD, FRIGHT, ALARM, PANIC, TERROR, TREPIDATION mean painful agitation in the presence or anticipation of danger.

    • FEAR is the most general term and implies anxiety and usually loss of courage fear of the unknown
    • DREAD usually adds the idea of intense reluctance to face or meet a person or situation and suggests aversion as well as anxiety faced the meeting with dread
    • FRIGHT implies the shock of sudden, startling fear fright at being awakened suddenly
    • ALARM suggests a sudden and intense awareness of immediate danger view the situation with alarm
    • PANIC implies unreasoning and overmastering fear causing hysterical activity the news caused widespread panic
    • TERROR implies the most extreme degree of fear immobilized with terror
    • TREPIDATION adds to DREAD the implications of timidity, trembling, and hesitation raised the subject with trepidation
  • laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)

    using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的

    CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.

  • garrulity (/ ˈgərulətɪ/) the quality or state of being garrulous 饒舌

    garrulous (/ ˈgærələs /) given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity : pointlessly or annoyingly talkative 饒舌的

    TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE mean given to talk or talking.

    • TALKATIVE may imply a readiness to engage in talk or a disposition to enjoy conversation a talkative neighbor
    • LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly a loquacious spokesperson
    • GARRULOUS implies prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity garrulous traveling companions
    • VOLUBLE suggests a free, easy, and unending loquacity a voluble raconteur

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Awe

• / ɔː/
• an emotion variously combining dread, veneration, and wonder that is inspired by authority or by the sacred or sublime

  (v.) to inspire with awe

• (n.) (v.) 敬畏;畏怯
• Kate gazed at the statue with awe.
• redoubtable : regard, awe = despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (~able 類比)
  • redoubtable causing fear or alarm : FORMIDABLE，ILLUSTRIOUS, EMINENT; broadly: worthy of respect 可怕的;令人敬畏的
  • despicable
  • scorn (n.) open dislike and disrespect or derision often mixed with indignation 輕蔑;藐視 (v.) to treat with scorn : reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy 輕蔑;藐視

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Caliber

• / ˈkæləbər/
• a: degree of mental capacity or moral quality b: degree of excellence or importance

  a : the diameter of a bullet or other projectile b : the diameter of a bore of a gun

  the diameter of a round body; especially: the internal diameter of a hollow cylinder

• 水準,程度;才幹

  口徑;直徑

• The school has always attracted a high caliber of student.
• calibrate
  • to ascertain the caliber of (as a thermometer tube) 確認...的口徑
  • to determine, rectify, or mark the graduations(刻度) of (as a thermometer tube) 決定、修正、標示刻度
  • to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by determining the deviation from a standard so as to ascertain the proper correction factors 使...標準化

    (<> unstandardized)

  • to adjust precisely for a particular function 校準
• calibrate : diameter = gauge : pressure = plumb : depth = verify : accuracy = analyze : nature (對象關係)(左邊確認右邊)
  • diameter (dia: through meter: measure，/ daɪˈæmɪtər/)
    • the length of a straight line through the center of an object 直徑
    • a unit of magnification for an optical instrument equal to the number of times the linear dimensions of an object are apparently increased

      倍(透鏡等的放大單位) a microscope magnifying 60 diameters

  • gauge (/geɪdʒ/)
    • a: to measure precisely the size, dimensions, or other measurable quantity of b: to determine the capacity or contents of c: ESTIMATE, JUDGE 量,測;估計,判斷
    • a: to check for conformity(一致、符合) to specifications or limits 確認符合規格或限制 b: to measure off or set out
  • verify to confirm or substantiate in law by oath (宣誓)證明...屬實 to establish the truth, accuracy, or reality of 核對,查實;查清;證明,證實

    CONFIRM, CORROBORATE, SUBSTANTIATE, VERIFY, AUTHENTICATE, VALIDATE mean to attest to the truth or validity of something.

    • CONFIRM implies the removing of doubts by an authoritative statement or indisputable fact confirmed the reports
    • CORROBORATE suggests the strengthening of what is already partly established witnesses corroborated his story
    • SUBSTANTIATE implies the offering of evidence that sustains the contention the claims have yet to be substantiated
    • VERIFY implies the establishing of correspondence of actual facts or details with those proposed or guessed at

      all statements of fact in the article have been verified

    • AUTHENTICATE implies establishing genuineness by adducing legal or official documents or expert opinion handwriting experts authenticated the diaries
    • VALIDATE implies establishing validity by authoritative affirmation or by factual proof validated the hypothesis by experiments
  • nature the inherent character or basic constitution of a person or thing: ESSENCE 天性;性質;本質

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Caprice

• / kəˈpriːs /
• CAPRICCIO 隨想曲
• (adj.) capricious
• a sudden, impulsive, and seemingly unmotivated notion or action

  a sudden usually unpredictable condition, change, or series of changes

  a disposition to do things impulsively

  CAPRICE, WHIM, VAGARY, CROTCHET mean an irrational or unpredictable idea or desire.

  • CAPRICE stresses lack of apparent motivation and suggests willfulness by sheer caprice she quit her job
  • WHIM implies a fantastic, capricious turn of mind or inclination an odd antique that was bought on a whim
  • VAGARY stresses the erratic, irresponsible character of the notion or desire recently he had been prone to strange vagaries
  • CROTCHET implies an eccentric opinion or preference a serious scientist equally known for his bizarre crotchets
• 多變;反覆無常;怪念頭;多變的傾向,任性;衝動行事
• the caprices of a spoilt child
• <>:
  • conformity 遵從;順從;相似;一致;符合 (動詞為 conform)
    • correspondence in form, manner, or character : AGREEMENT behaved in conformity with her beliefs
    • action in accordance with some specified standard or authority conformity to social custom
  • resolution the act of determining 決心;決定
  • capricious <> steadfast, pertinacious, constant resolute
    • capricious (/ kəˈprɪʆəs /) governed or characterized by caprice : IMPULSIVE, UNPREDICTABLE 善變的;任性的

      INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion).

      • INCONSTANT implies an incapacity for steadiness and an inherent tendency to change an inconstant friend
      • FICKLE suggests unreliability because of perverse changeability and incapacity for steadfastness performers discover how fickle fans can be
      • CAPRICIOUS suggests motivation by sudden whim or fancy and stresses unpredictability an utterly capricious critic
      • MERCURIAL implies a rapid changeability in mood made anxious by her boss's mercurial temperament
      • UNSTABLE implies an incapacity for remaining in a fixed position or steady course and applies especially to a lack of emotional balance too unstable to hold a job
• caprice : whimsical = insight : discerning = stealth : furtive = discontent : unsatisfied (正面性質)
  • whimsical 反覆無常的;怪誕的,古怪的
    • full of, actuated by, or exhibiting whims
    • resulting from or characterized by whim or caprice; especially: lightly fanciful
    • subject to erratic behavior or unpredictable change
  • whim a capricious or eccentric and often sudden idea or turn of the mind: FANCY 奇想,怪念頭;突然念頭,一時興致

    CAPRICE, WHIM, VAGARY, CROTCHET mean an irrational or unpredictable idea or desire.

    • CAPRICE stresses lack of apparent motivation and suggests willfulness by sheer caprice she quit her job
    • WHIM implies a fantastic, capricious turn of mind or inclination an odd antique that was bought on a whim
    • VAGARY stresses the erratic, irresponsible character of the notion or desire recently he had been prone to strange vagaries
    • CROTCHET implies an eccentric opinion or preference a serious scientist equally known for his bizarre crotchets
  • discerning showing insight and understanding : DISCRIMINATING 有識別力的;眼光敏銳的 a discerning critic
  • stealth (steal，/ stelθ /) 祕密行動;鬼鬼祟祟
    • the act or action of proceeding furtively, secretly, or imperceptibly
    • the state of being furtive or unobtrusive
  • discontent (dis: not content: 滿意) lack of contentment: a: a sense of grievance: DISSATISFACTION b: restless aspiration for improvement 不滿;不滿足

    contentment the quality or state of being contented 滿足,知足;滿意

    content (v.) to appease the desires of 使滿足 to limit (oneself) in requirements, desires, or actions 限制需求慾望行動

• capricious : deliberation = insubordinate : submissiveness (反面性質)
  • deliberation
    • a: the act of deliberating b: a discussion and consideration by a group of persons of the reasons for and against a measure 深思熟慮;研究;審議,商議
    • the quality or state of being deliberate 慎重;緩慢;從容
  • deliberate
    • (v.) to think about or discuss issues and decisions carefully 仔細考慮,深思熟慮;商議

      THINK, COGITATE, REFLECT, REASON, SPECULATE, DELIBERATE mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference.

      • THINK is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions teaches students how to think
      • COGITATE implies deep or intent thinking cogitated on the mysteries of nature
      • REFLECT suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind reflecting on fifty years of married life
      • REASON stresses consecutive logical thinking able to reason brilliantly in debate
      • SPECULATE implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic speculated on the fate of the lost explorers
      • DELIBERATE suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision the jury deliberated for five hours
    • (adj.) characterized by or resulting from careful and thorough consideration 深思熟慮的,慎重的,謹慎的 characterized by awareness of the consequences 故意的,蓄意的

      slow, unhurried, and steady as though allowing time for decision on each individual action involved 不慌不忙的,從容的

      VOLUNTARY, INTENTIONAL, DELIBERATE, WILLING mean done or brought about of one's own will.

      • VOLUNTARY implies freedom and spontaneity of choice or action without external compulsion a voluntary confession
      • INTENTIONAL stresses an awareness of an end to be achieved the intentional concealment of vital information
      • DELIBERATE implies full consciousness of the nature of one's act and its consequences deliberate acts of sabotage
      • WILLING implies a readiness and eagerness to accede to or anticipate the wishes of another willing obedience
  • insubordinate (in-sub-ordinate) disobedient to authority 不順從的

    subordinate (sub: 次要)

    • (adj.) placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position: INFERIOR 下級的 submissive to or controlled by authority 次要的;隸屬的
    • (v.) to make subject or subservient 把...列入下級 to treat as of less value or importance 使居次要地位;使隸屬,使服從
  • submissiveness (submit) submitting to others 柔順;服從;謙遜;恭謹

    submit

    • a: to yield to governance or authority b: to subject to a condition, treatment, or operation 使服從,使屈服
    • to present or propose to another for review, consideration, or decision 提交,呈遞
    • to put forward as an opinion or contention 提出意見主張

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Chagrin

• /ʆəˈgrɪn /
• disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure
• 懊惱;悔恨;苦惱
• The area was declared a wildlife reserve, much to the chagrin of developers.
• <>:
  • cheerfulness 歡樂,愉快,爽朗

    cheerful a: full of good spirits: MERRY 興高采烈的;情緒好的 b: UNGRUDGING 樂意的;由衷的 conducive to cheer: likely to dispel gloom or worry 使人感到愉快的

  • content (當名詞)
    • a: something contained b: the topics or matter treated in a written work 內容,要旨
    • a: SUBSTANCE, GIST b: MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE c: the events, physical detail, and information in a work of art
    • a : the matter dealt with in a field of study b : a part, element, or complex of parts
    • the amount of specified material contained : PROPORTION 含量,容量
    • CONTENTMENT => the quality or state of being contented 滿足,知足;滿意
  • delight a high degree of gratification: JOY; also: extreme satisfaction 欣喜,愉快 something that gives great pleasure 樂事,樂趣
  • elation (/ ɪˈleɪʆən /) the quality or state of being elated 興高采烈;洋洋得意

    elate to fill with joy or pride 使興奮;使得意揚揚

  • pride
  • proud satisfication
• chagrin : mind = grimace : face (種類類比)
  • grimace (/ˈgrɪməs /) a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval (表示痛苦、輕蔑、厭惡等的)表情

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Clemency

• / ˈklemənsi /
• calm
• a: disposition to be merciful and especially to moderate the severity of punishment due b: an act or instance of leniency

  pleasant mildness of weather

  MERCY, CHARITY, CLEMENCY, GRACE, LENIENCY mean a disposition to show kindness or compassion.

  • MERCY implies compassion that forbears punishing even when justice demands it threw himself on the mercy of the court
  • CHARITY stresses benevolence and goodwill shown in broad understanding and tolerance of others show a little charity for the less fortunate
  • CLEMENCY implies a mild or merciful disposition in one having the power or duty of punishing the judge refused to show clemency
  • GRACE implies a benign attitude and a willingness to grant favors or make concessions by the grace of God
  • LENIENCY implies lack of severity in punishing criticized the courts for excessive leniency
• 仁慈;寬厚;天氣溫和
• She was granted clemency after killing her violent husband.
• clement (adj.) (/ ˈklemənt /) inclined to be merciful: LENIENT 仁慈的;厚道的 a clement judge，MILD 溫和的 clement weather for November
• <> clement :
  • pitiless (pity，less) devoid of pity : MERCILESS 無同情心的;無情的,冷酷的
  • tempestuous (tempest: 暴風雨(莎士比亞劇)，/ temˈpestʆuəs /)

    of, relating to, or resembling a tempest : TURBULENT, STORMY 暴風雨的;暴風雪的;劇烈的,狂暴的 tempestuous weather

  • inclement

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Compunction

• / kəmˈpʌŋkʆən /
• anxiety arising from awareness of guilt

  distress of mind over an anticipated action or result

  a twinge of misgiving : SCRUPLE

  PENITENCE, REPENTANCE, CONTRITION, COMPUNCTION, REMORSE mean regret for sin or wrongdoing.

  QUALM, SCRUPLE, COMPUNCTION, DEMUR mean a misgiving about what one is doing or going to do.

  • PENITENCE implies sad and humble realization of and regret for one's misdeeds absolution is dependent upon sincere penitence
  • REPENTANCE adds the implication of a resolve to change repentance accompanied by a complete change of character
  • CONTRITION stresses the sorrowful regret that constitutes true penitence tearful expressions of contrition
  • COMPUNCTION implies a painful sting of conscience especially for contemplated wrongdoing had no compunctions about taking back what is mine
  • REMORSE suggests prolonged and insistent self-reproach and mental anguish for past wrongs and especially for those whose consequences cannot be remedied

    thieves untroubled by feelings of remorse

  • QUALM implies an uneasy fear that one is not following one's conscience or better judgment no qualms about plagiarizing
  • SCRUPLE implies doubt of the rightness of an act on grounds of principle no scruples against buying stolen goods
  • COMPUNCTION implies a spontaneous feeling of responsibility or compassion for a potential victim had compunctions about lying
  • DEMUR implies hesitation caused by objection to an outside suggestion or influence accepted her decision without demur
• 良心的責備;悔恨;內疚
• He had no compunction about interfering in her private affairs.
• <>:
  • impenitence (im: not pen: pain，/ɪmˈpenətəns /) the quality or state of being impenitent 不悔改;無悔意

    impenitent (/ɪmˈpenətənr/) not penitent 頑迷的;不知悔改的

    penitent (/ ˈpenətənt /) feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT 悔過的;懺悔的

  • absence of misgiving

    misgiving a feeling of doubt or suspicion especially concerning a future event 擔憂,不安,疑慮

• apologize : contrite = compliment : impressed = thank : grateful = vacillation : uncertain (原因關係)
  • contrite (/ ˈkɒntraɪt) grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming 悔罪的;痛悔的 proceeding from contrition 表示悔罪的;因悔悟而起的
  • compliment an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration; especially: an admiring remark 讚美的話;敬意 formal and respectful recognition : HONOR 敬意
  • grateful
    • a: appreciative of benefits received b: expressing gratitude 感謝的,感激的
    • a: affording pleasure or contentment : PLEASING b: pleasing by reason of comfort supplied or discomfort alleviated 令人愉快的;可喜的
  • vacillation

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Delirium

• / dɪˈlɪriəm /
• de: away liri: line => 脫離線 => 脫離正常 => 精神錯亂
• a mental disturbance characterized by confusion, disordered speech, and hallucinations(luci: 欺騙)

  frenzied(瘋狂的) excitement

• 精神錯亂,說胡話

  極度興奮,發狂

• Before she died she had fits of delirium.
• delirium : confusion = coma : unconsciousness (特徵類比)
  • coma a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison，a state of mental or physical sluggishness : TORPOR 昏睡(狀態);昏迷

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Diffidence

• / ˈdɪfədəns /
• fid: 信任 (ex: confidence)
• the quality or state of being diffident

  diffident hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence 缺乏自信的,懦怯的;羞怯的

  SHY, BASHFUL, DIFFIDENT, MODEST, COY mean not inclined to be forward.

  • SHY implies a timid reserve and a shrinking from familiarity or contact with others shy with strangers
  • BASHFUL implies a frightened or hesitant shyness characteristic of childhood and adolescence a bashful boy out on his first date
  • DIFFIDENT stresses a distrust of one's own ability or opinion that causes hesitation in acting or speaking felt diffident about raising an objection
  • MODEST suggests absence of undue confidence or conceit very modest about her achievements
  • COY implies an assumed or affected shyness put off by her coy manner
• 缺乏自信,懦怯;羞怯
• <>:
  • diffident <> brassy, brazen
    • brassy (/ˈbræsi /) a: being shamelessly bold 厚顏無恥的 b: OBSTREPEROUS 刺耳的 resembling brass especially in color 黃銅色的
    • brazen (形似意近，/ ˈbreɪzən /) marked by contemptuous boldness 無恥的,厚臉皮的

      sounding harsh and loud like struck brass 響而刺耳的 of the color of polished brass 黃銅色的 made of brass 黃銅(製)的;

  • expansive, nervy <> reserved, diffident
    • expansive (expand)
      • having a capacity or a tendency to expand 擴張的 causing or tending to cause expansion 引起擴張的
      • characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talk: OPEN 坦率的;豪爽的;

        marked by or indicative of exaggerated euphoria and delusions of self-importance 自我膨脹的

      • marked by expansion; especially : having a great expanse or extent : SIZABLE, EXTENSIVE
      • characterized by richness, abundance, or magnificence 廣闊的;遼闊的;廣泛的
    • nervy (nerve) a: showing calm courage: BOLD 有勇氣的;冷靜的 b: marked by effrontery or presumption: BRASH 性急的;無禮的 EXCITABLE, NERVOUS 興奮緊張的
    • reserved restrained in words and actions 緘默的;含蓄的;有所保留的;有節制的 kept or set apart or aside for future or special use 預訂的;儲備的

      SILENT, TACITURN, RETICENT, RESERVED, SECRETIVE mean showing restraint in speaking.

      • SILENT implies a habit of saying no more than is needed the strong, silent type
      • TACITURN implies a temperamental disinclination to speech and usually connotes unsociability taciturn villagers
      • RETICENT implies a reluctance to speak out or at length, especially about one's own affairs was reticent about his plans
      • RESERVED implies reticence and suggests the restraining influence of caution or formality in checking easy informal conversational exchange

        greetings were brief, formal, and reserved

      • SECRETIVE, too, implies reticence but usually carries a suggestion of deviousness and lack of frankness or of an often ostentatious will to conceal

        the secretive research and development division

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Dirge

• / dɜːdʒ/
• a song or hymn of grief or lamentation; especially: one intended to accompany funeral or memorial rites

  a slow, solemn, and mournful piece of music

  • threnody
  • elegy
• 送葬曲,輓歌;悲哀莊重的歌曲
• dirge : song, grief, lamentation, solemnity
  • grief deep and poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement 悲痛,悲傷

    SORROW, GRIEF, ANGUISH, WOE, REGRET mean distress of mind.

    • SORROW implies a sense of loss or a sense of guilt and remorse a family united in sorrow upon the patriarch's death
    • GRIEF implies poignant sorrow for an immediate cause the inexpressible grief of the bereaved parents
    • ANGUISH suggests torturing grief or dread the anguish felt by the parents of the kidnapped child
    • WOE is deep or inconsolable grief or misery cries of woe echoed throughout the bombed city
    • REGRET implies pain caused by deep disappointment, fruitless longing, or unavailing remorse nagging regret for missed opportunities
  • lamentation (/ ˌlæmənˈteɪʆən /) an act or instance of lamenting 悲歎,哀悼;慟哭

    lament to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively : MOURN 哀悼,為...悲痛;痛惜 to regret strongly 悲嘆;悔恨

    DEPLORE, LAMENT, BEWAIL, BEMOAN mean to express grief or sorrow for something.

    • DEPLORE implies regret for the loss or impairment of something of value deplores the breakdown in family values
    • LAMENT implies a profound or demonstrative expression of sorrow lamenting the loss of their only child
    • BEWAIL and BEMOAN imply sorrow, disappointment, or protest finding outlet in words or cries,

      BEWAIL commonly suggesting loudness, and BEMOAN lugubriousness fans bewailed the defeat，purists bemoaning the corruption of the language

  • solemnity (/ səˈlemnəti /) a solemn condition or quality 莊嚴;嚴肅;莊重;正經 a solemn event or occasion 莊重的儀式

    solemn (/ ˈsɒləm/) 嚴肅的;莊重的;莊嚴的;隆重的;鄭重的;嚴重的,嚴正的正式的;神聖的,宗教上的

    • marked by the observance of established form or ceremony; specifically : celebrated with full liturgical ceremony
    • awe-inspiring : SUBLIME，marked by grave sedateness and earnest sobriety
    • SOMBER, GLOOMY 陰沈的;陰鬱的;
• dirge: sorrow = hymn : admiration (功用目的)
  • hymn (/ hɪm /) a song of praise or joy 讚美詩,聖歌
  • admiration (mira: miracle) delighted or astonished approbation欽佩,讚美,羨慕

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Discretion

• / dɪˈskreʆən /
• the quality of being discreet : CIRCUMSPECTION; especially: cautious reserve in speech

  ability to make responsible decisions

  individual choice or judgment

  power of free decision or latitude of choice within certain legal bounds

  the result of separating or distinguishing

  discreet (/ dɪˈskriːt /)

  • having or showing discernment or good judgment in conduct and especially in speech : PRUDENT; especially: capable of preserving prudent silence 謹慎的,考慮周到的
  • UNPRETENTIOUS, MODEST 謙虛的
  • UNOBTRUSIVE, UNNOTICEABLE 不引人注意的
• 謹慎,考慮周到;斟酌(或行動)的自由;處理權;判斷力;辨別力
• The awards are made at the discretion of the committee.
• discretionary <> preordained, mandatory, obligatory
  • discretionary (adj.，/ dɪˈskreʆəneri/) left to discretion : exercised at one's own discretion 自己判斷的
  • preordained (/ ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪnd/) to decree or ordain in advance : FOREORDAIN 注定的,命定的,天命的

    ordain

    • to invest officially (as by the laying on of hands) with ministerial or priestly authority 任命...為牧師(或神父等),授...以聖職
    • a: to establish or order by appointment, decree, or law: ENACT 制定,規定;命令 b: DESTINE, FOREORDAIN 注定
  • mandatory (/ ˈmændətɔːri /) containing or constituting a command : OBLIGATORY 義務的;強制的
  • obligatory (/ əˈblɪgətɔːri/) binding in law or conscience 有義務的 relating to or enforcing an obligation 有義務的 MANDATORY, REQUIRED 必須的;必修的
• frivolous : gravity = brash, reckless, foolish : discretion = impecunious : money (反面性質)
  • frivolous (fri: free，/ ˈfrɪvələs /)
    • a: of little weight or importance 幾乎沒有重量、不重要的 b: having no sound basis (as in fact or law) 沒有足夠根據的
    • a: lacking in seriousness 輕佻的 b: marked by unbecoming levity 不得體清浮的
  • gravity a: dignity or sobriety of bearing 莊重 b: IMPORTANCE, SIGNIFICANCE; especially: SERIOUSNESS 重要性 c: a serious situation or problem 嚴重程度
  • brash
    • BRITTLE 易碎的
    • a: heedless of the consequences: AUDACIOUS 魯莽的 b: done in haste without regard for consequences: RASH 倉促不顧後果的
    • a: full of fresh raw vitality b: uninhibitedly energetic or demonstrative: BUMPTIOUS
    • a: lacking restraint and discernment : TACTLESS 不機智的;笨拙的; b: aggressively self-assertive: IMPUDENT 無禮的
    • piercingly sharp : HARSH 嚴苛的
    • marked by vivid contrast : BOLD 鮮明的
  • reckless (reck: reckon 計算，less => 沒有計算 => 草率)

    marked by lack of proper caution : careless of consequences，IRRESPONSIBLE 不注意的,不在乎的;魯莽的,不顧後果的

    ADVENTUROUS, VENTURESOME, DARING, DAREDEVIL, RASH, RECKLESS, FOOLHARDY mean exposing oneself to danger more than required by good sense.

    • ADVENTUROUS implies a willingness to accept risks but not necessarily imprudence adventurous pioneers
    • VENTURESOME implies a jaunty eagerness for perilous undertakings venturesome stunt pilots
    • DARING heightens the implication of fearlessness in courting danger daring mountain climbers
    • DAREDEVIL stresses ostentation in daring daredevil motorcyclists
    • RASH suggests imprudence and lack of forethought a rash decision
    • RECKLESS implies heedlessness of probable consequences a reckless driver
    • FOOLHARDY suggests a recklessness that is inconsistent with good sense only a foolhardy sailor would venture into this storm
  • impecunious (pecu: money，ex: peculate，/ ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs◂ /) having very little or no money usually habitually : PENNILESS 沒有錢的
• overdose : prescription = indiscretion : convention (違反關係)
  • overdose too great a dose (as of a therapeutic agent); also: a lethal or toxic amount 藥劑過量;過量給予藥劑 an excessive quantity or amount 過量
  • prescription
    • the establishment of a claim of title to something under common law usually by use and enjoyment for a period fixed by statute
    • the process of making claim to something by long use and enjoyment
    • the action of laying down authoritative rules or directions
    • a written direction for a therapeutic or corrective agent; specifically: one for the preparation and use of a medicine 處方,藥方;
    • ancient or long continued custom 慣例;傳統
    • something prescribed as a rule 命令,指示;規定,法規
  • indiscretion (in: not) lack of discretion : IMPRUDENCE 不慎重,輕率;言行失檢;不明智行為 an act at variance with the accepted morality of a society
  • convention usage or custom especially in social matters 慣例,習俗;常規

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Fealty

• / ˈfiːəlti /
• a: the fidelity of a vassal or feudal tenant to his lord b: the obligation of such a href="#Fidelity">fidelity

  FIDELITY, ALLEGIANCE, FEALTY, LOYALTY, DEVOTION, PIETY mean faithfulness to something to which one is bound by pledge or duty.

  • FIDELITY implies strict and continuing faithfulness to an obligation, trust, or duty marital fidelity
  • ALLEGIANCE suggests an adherence like that of citizens to their country pledging allegiance
  • FEALTY implies a fidelity acknowledged by the individual and as compelling as a sworn vow fealty to the truth
  • LOYALTY implies a faithfulness that is steadfast in the face of any temptation to renounce, desert, or betray valued the loyalty of his friends
  • DEVOTION stresses zeal and service amounting to self-dedication a painter's devotion to her art
  • PIETY stresses fidelity to obligations regarded as natural and fundamental filial piety
• (對領主之)效忠;忠誠
• By this act he performed fealty.
• <>: betrayal 背叛;密告;洩漏;洩密;引誘

  betray (v.)

  • to lead astray; especially: SEDUCE 把...引入歧途
  • to deliver to an enemy by treachery 背叛;出賣;對...不忠
  • to fail or desert especially in time of need 遺棄
  • to reveal unintentionally (無意中)暴露
  • to disclose in violation of confidence 洩密

    REVEAL, DISCLOSE, DIVULGE, TELL, BETRAY mean to make known what has been or should be concealed.

    • REVEAL may apply to supernatural or inspired revelation of truths beyond the range of ordinary human vision or reason

      divine will as revealed in sacred writings

    • DISCLOSE may imply a discovering but more often an imparting of information previously kept secret candidates must disclose their financial assets
    • DIVULGE implies a disclosure involving some impropriety or breach of confidence refused to divulge an anonymous source
    • TELL implies an imparting of necessary or useful information told them what he had overheard
    • BETRAY implies a divulging that represents a breach of faith or an involuntary or unconscious disclosure a blush that betrayed her embarrassment

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Fecundity

• / fɪˈkʌndətɪ/
• fec: produce und: wave (多，ex: abundant)
• fecund (adj.，/ ˈfekənd/)
  • fruitful in offspring or vegetation : PROLIFIC 多產的
  • intellectually productive or inventive to a marked degree (工作、做事方面)多產的

    FERTILE, FECUND, FRUITFUL, PROLIFIC mean producing or capable of producing offspring or fruit.

    • FERTILE implies the power to reproduce in kind or to assist in reproduction and growth fertile soil

      applied figuratively, it suggests readiness of invention and development a fertile imagination

    • FECUND emphasizes abundance or rapidity in bearing fruit or offspring a fecund herd
    • FRUITFUL adds to FERTILE and FECUND the implication of desirable or useful results fruitful research
    • PROLIFIC stresses rapidity of spreading or multiplying by or as if by natural reproduction a prolific writer
• 多產;豐饒;肥沃
• <>: fecund, prolific <> barren
  • PROLIFIC (fic: produce) producing young or fruit especially freely : FRUITFUL，marked by abundant inventiveness or productivity 多產的,多育的;富於創造力的
  • barren (bar: 阻礙，/ˈbærən /) not reproducing 不生育的,不妊的 not productive as producing little or no vegetation : DESOLATE (土地等)貧瘠的,荒蕪的,不毛的

    DEVOID, LACKING 沒有的,缺乏的 lacking interest, information, or charm，DULL, UNRESPONSIVE 沈悶無趣的

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Fidelity

• / fɪˈdeləti /
• a: the quality or state of being faithful b: accuracy in details : EXACTNESS

  FIDELITY, ALLEGIANCE, FEALTY, LOYALTY, DEVOTION, PIETY mean faithfulness to something to which one is bound by pledge or duty.

  • FIDELITY implies strict and continuing faithfulness to an obligation, trust, or duty marital fidelity
  • ALLEGIANCE suggests an adherence like that of citizens to their country pledging allegiance
  • FEALTY implies a fidelity acknowledged by the individual and as compelling as a sworn vow fealty to the truth
  • LOYALTY implies a faithfulness that is steadfast in the face of any temptation to renounce, desert, or betray valued the loyalty of his friends
  • DEVOTION stresses zeal and service amounting to self-dedication a painter's devotion to her art
  • PIETY stresses fidelity to obligations regarded as natural and fundamental filial piety
• 忠誠;忠貞;精確
• his fidelity to the company over 25 years

  the movie's fidelity to the original book

• <>: apostasy

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Flair

• /fler /
• flavor
• a skill or instinctive ability to appreciate or make good use of something : TALENT also: INCLINATION, TENDENCY

  a uniquely attractive quality : STYLE

• 天資;(特別的)才能

  敏銳的感覺力;鑑別力

• Irwin has real entrepreneurial flair.
• serendipitous : effort = inevitable : chance (反面性質)
  • serebdipitous (/ ˌserənˈdɪpətəs /) obtained or characterized by serendipity 善於作意外發現的;僥倖得到的

    serendipity (/ ˌserənˈdɪpəti /) the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for 意外發現珍奇(或稱心)事物的本領;意外發現的東西

  • inevitable (evit: avoid，=> unavoidable) incapable of being avoided or evaded 不可避免的;必然(發生)的

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Forbearance

• /fɔːrˈberəns/
• bear 忍受
• a refraining from the enforcement of something (as a debt, right, or obligation) that is due

  the act of forbearing : PATIENCE

  the quality of being forbearing : LENIENCY

  forbear to hold oneself back from especially with an effort (v.) 克制;忍耐 (bear: 生產) ANCESTOR, FOREFATHER; also: PRECURSOR (n.) 祖先

• 寬限,忍耐,寬容
• Faith, for Constantine, was a political matter; and any faith conducive to unity was treated with forbearance.
• <>: for(e)bears <> descendants, scion
  • descendant (descend: 下降)
    • one descended from another or from a common stock(家系、血統) 子孫,後裔
    • one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype 從某一來源派生(或傳下)的東西
  • scion (sci: cut => 分割, ex: scissor，/ ˈsaɪən /) DESCENDANT, CHILD 後裔;子孫 (名詞還有一意為(接木的)接穗;嫩枝)

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Frailty

• / ˈfreɪlti /
• fra: break
• the quality or state of being frail

  a fault due to weakness especially of moral character

  FAULT, FAILING, FRAILTY, FOIBLE, VICE mean an imperfection or weakness of character.

  • FAULT implies a failure, not necessarily culpable, to reach some standard of perfection in disposition, action, or habit a writer of many virtues and few faults
  • FAILING suggests a minor shortcoming in character being late is a failing of mine
  • FRAILTY implies a general or chronic proneness to yield to temptation human frailties
  • FOIBLE applies to a harmless or endearing weakness or idiosyncrasy an eccentric's charming foibles
  • VICE can be a general term for any imperfection or weakness, but it often suggests violation of a moral code or the giving of offense to the moral sensibilities of others

    compulsive gambling was his vice

  • frail (fra: break，adj，/ freɪl /) easily led into evil 意志薄弱的,易被引誘的 easily broken or destroyed : FRAGILE 易損壞的

    physically weak 身體虛弱的 SLIGHT, UNSUBSTANTIAL 不堅實的

    WEAK, FEEBLE, FRAIL, FRAGILE, INFIRM, DECREPIT mean not strong enough to endure strain, pressure, or strenuous effort.

    • WEAK applies to deficiency or inferiority in strength or power of any sort students too weak to resist peer pressure
    • FEEBLE suggests extreme weakness inviting pity or contempt a feeble attempt to get out of bed
    • FRAIL implies delicacy and slightness of constitution or structure a frail teenager who was unable to enjoy contact sports
    • FRAGILE suggests frailty and brittleness unable to resist rough usage a reclusive poet too fragile for the rigors of this world
    • INFIRM suggests instability, unsoundness, and insecurity due to old age or crippling illness infirm residents requiring constant care
    • DECREPIT implies being worn-out or broken-down from long use or old age the dowager's decrepit retainers
  • fragile (frag: break，/ ˈfrædʒəl/) a: easily broken or destroyed 易碎的;脆的;易損壞的 b: constitutionally delicate: lacking in physical vigor 脆弱的;虛弱的

    FRAGILE, FRANGIBLE, BRITTLE, CRISP, FRIABLE mean breaking easily.

    • FRAGILE implies extreme delicacy of material or construction and need for careful handling a fragile antique chair
    • FRANGIBLE implies susceptibility to being broken without implying weakness or delicacy frangible stone used for paving
    • BRITTLE implies hardness together with lack of elasticity or flexibility or toughness patients with brittle bones
    • CRISP implies a firmness and brittleness desirable especially in some foods crisp lettuce
    • FRIABLE applies to substances that are easily crumbled or pulverized friable soil
• 脆弱,虛弱

  (性格上的)弱點,缺陷

• The recent riots are evidence of the frailty of the peace agreement.
• <>:
  • hardness the quality or state of being hard 堅硬 resistance of metal to indentation under a static load or to scratching 冷酷,嚴厲
  • stamina (/ ˈstæmɪnə /) STAYING POWER, ENDURANCE 精力; 耐力; 韌勁
  • friable <> not easily crumbled, resistant to be pulverized
    • friable (fri: break) easily crumbled or pulverized 易碎的;脆弱的 (同義字見上)
    • crumble to break into small pieces 粉碎,弄碎 to break down completely : COLLAPSE 摧毀,破壞 marriages crumble
    • pulverize (/ˈpʌlvəraɪz/) to reduce (as by crushing, beating, or grinding) to very small particles : ATOMIZE 使成粉末;研磨 ANNIHILATE, DEMOLISH 把...徹底摧毀;粉碎
  • pliable <> easy to crumble
    • pliable (pli: bend 折彎)
      • supple enough to bend freely or repeatedly without breaking 任意曲折不會斷
      • yielding readily to others : COMPLAISANT 順從的
      • adjustable to varying conditions 有適應性的
• limber : flexibility = spindly : frailty (正面性質)
  • limber (adj.) capable of being shaped: FLEXIBLE，having a supple and resilient quality (as of mind or body): AGILE, NIMBLE 柔軟的;靈活具彈性的 (<> rigid, stiff)
  • spindly
    • of a disproportionately tall or long and thin appearance that often suggests physical weakness 四肢長細顯得瘦弱的
    • frail or flimsy in appearance or structure 外表(結構)上單薄的
• fragile : break = porous : penetrate (正面性質) (左邊容易右邊的動作)
  • porous (/ ˈpɔːrəs /)
    • a: possessing or full of pores(孔) b: containing vessels(管) 有孔的,多孔的
    • a: permeable(可穿過的) to fluids b: permeable to outside influences 能滲透的;滲水的;透風的;透氣的
    • capable of being penetrated 可被滲透的 porous national boundaries
  • penetrate
    • a: to pass into or through b: to enter by overcoming resistance : PIERCE c: to gain entrance to 穿過;刺入;透過
    • a: to see into or through b: to discover the inner contents or meaning of 看透;識破;了解;洞察
    • to affect profoundly with feeling (感情等)深入於,打動
    • to diffuse through or into 彌漫於;擴散於;滲透入

      ENTER, PENETRATE, PIERCE, PROBE mean to make way into something.

      • ENTER is the most general of these and may imply either going in or forcing a way in entered the city in triumph
      • PENETRATE carries a strong implication of an impelling force or compelling power that achieves entrance the enemy penetrated the fortress
      • PIERCE means an entering or cutting through with a sharp pointed instrument pierced the boil with a lancet
      • PROBE implies penetration to investigate or explore something hidden from sight or knowledge probed the depths of the sea
• friable : crumble = malleable : alter (~able 類比) (正面性質)
  • malleable (/ ˈmæliəbəl /)
    • capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers 展延性的;
    • capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences，having a capacity for adaptive change 可塑的;易適應的

      PLASTIC, PLIABLE, PLIANT, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, ADAPTABLE mean susceptible of being modified in form or nature.

      • PLASTIC applies to substances soft enough to be molded yet capable of hardening into the desired fixed form

        plastic materials allow the sculptor greater freedom

      • PLIABLE suggests something easily bent, folded, twisted, or manipulated pliable rubber tubing
      • PLIANT may stress flexibility and sometimes connote springiness an athletic shoe with a pliant sole
      • DUCTILE applies to what can be drawn out or extended with ease ductile metals such as copper
      • MALLEABLE applies to what may be pressed or beaten into shape the malleable properties of gold enhance its value
      • ADAPTABLE implies the capability of being easily modified to suit other conditions, needs, or uses computer hardware that is adaptable
• friable : crumbled = lucid : comprehended (正面性質) (左邊易於產生右邊性質)
  • lucid (light)
    • a: suffused with light : LUMINOUS b: TRANSLUCENT 光亮的;透明清澈的;
    • having full use of one's faculties : SANE 頭腦清楚的;神志清明的
    • clear to the understanding : INTELLIGIBLE 清楚易懂的,明晰的
• impervious : friable = nonflammable : combustible (~able 類比) (反面性質)
  • impervious
    • not allowing entrance or passage: IMPENETRABLE 不能透過的,不能滲透的 not capable of being damaged or harmed 不受傷害的
    • not capable of being affected or disturbed 不受影響的;不為所動的 impervious to criticism
  • nonflammable (non-flamm-able) not flammable; specifically: not easily ignited and not burning rapidly if ignited 不燃燒的;不易燃燒的
  • combustible (/ kəmˈbʌstəbəl /) capable of combustion 可燃的 easily excited 意激動的

    combustion (氧化) an act or instance of burning 燃燒 violent agitation : TUMULT 極度的激動;騷動;混亂

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Furor

• /fjʊrər/
• fur: fire
• an angry or maniacal fit(一陣) : RAGE

  a fashionable craze : VOGUE

  a: furious or hectic activity b: an outburst of public excitement or indignation : UPROAR

  • FRENZY (fre: free) (暫時的)瘋狂;狂怒;狂熱;極度的激動
    • a: a temporary madness b: a violent mental or emotional agitation
    • intense usually wild and often disorderly compulsive or agitated activity
• 狂怒;狂熱;喧鬧,轟動
• infuriate : rage = nonplus : perplexity (引起類比)
  • infuriate (fur: fire) to make furious 使大怒,觸怒

    furious

    • (1) : exhibiting or goaded by anger (2) : indicative of or proceeding from anger 狂怒的
    • giving a stormy or turbulent appearance 狂暴的,猛烈的;強烈的
    • marked by noise, excitement, activity, or rapidity 喧鬧的,熱烈興奮的
  • rage
    • a: violent and uncontrolled anger b: a fit of violent wrath (一陣)狂怒,盛怒
    • violent action (as of wind or sea) (風浪,火勢等)狂暴,肆虐
    • an intense feeling : PASSION 強烈的慾望,狂熱
    • a fad pursued with intense enthusiasm 風靡一時的事物 was all the rage
  • nonplus (/ˌnɒnˈplʌs/ ) to cause to be at a loss as to what to say, think, or do : PERPLEX 使困窘
  • perplexity the state of being perplexed : BEWILDERMENT 困惑,茫然 something that perplexes 使人困惑的事情 ENTANGLEMENT 雜亂狀態;糾纏,扭結

    perplex to make unable to grasp something clearly or to think logically and decisively about something 使困惑 to make intricate or involved : COMPLICATE 使複雜化

    PUZZLE, PERPLEX, BEWILDER, DISTRACT, NONPLUS, CONFOUND, DUMBFOUND mean to baffle and disturb mentally.

    • PUZZLE implies existence of a problem difficult to solve the persistent fever puzzled the doctor
    • PERPLEX adds a suggestion of worry and uncertainty especially about making a necessary decision a behavior that perplexed her friends
    • BEWILDER stresses a confusion of mind that hampers clear and decisive thinking a bewildering number of possibilities
    • DISTRACT implies agitation or uncertainty induced by conflicting preoccupations or interests distracted by personal problems
    • NONPLUS implies a bafflement that makes orderly planning or deciding impossible the remark left us utterly nonplussed
    • CONFOUND implies temporary mental paralysis caused by astonishment or profound abasement the tragic news confounded us all
    • DUMBFOUND suggests intense but momentary confounding; often the idea of astonishment is so stressed that it becomes a near synonym of astound

      was at first too dumbfounded to reply

• zeal : dedication = rage : anger (程度類比)(zeal 若非「反義類比」即為「程度類比」)
  • zeal
  • dedication a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose 專心致力,獻身 I admire his dedication to the job.

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Garrulity

• / ˈgərulətɪ/
• the quality or state of being garrulous

  garrulous (/ ˈgærələs /) given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity : pointlessly or annoyingly talkative，WORDY 多話的

  TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE

  mean given to talk or talking.
  • TALKATIVE may imply a readiness to engage in talk or a disposition to enjoy conversation a talkative neighbor
  • LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly a loquacious spokesperson
  • GARRULOUS implies prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity garrulous traveling companions
  • VOLUBLE suggests a free, easy, and unending loquacity a voluble raconteur
• 多話
• <>: garrulous, loquacios <> laconic, taciturn, reticent
  • loquacious (loqu: speak，/loʊˈkweɪʆəs/) full of excessive talk : WORDY 多話的; given to fluent or excessive talk : GARRULOUS 非常健談的;多話的
  • laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)

    using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的

    CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.

  • taciturn (tacit: silent，/ ˈtæsɪtɜːn/) temperamentally disinclined to talk 沈默寡言的;無言的
  • reticent (tic: silent，/ ˈretəsənt /) (adj.)
    • inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : RESERVED 無言的;沈默的
    • restrained in expression, presentation, or appearance 謹慎的;抑制的
    • RELUCTANT 不情願的;勉強的

      SILENT, TACITURN, RETICENT, RESERVED, SECRETIVE mean showing restraint in speaking.

      • SILENT implies a habit of saying no more than is needed the strong, silent type
      • TACITURN implies a temperamental disinclination to speech and usually connotes unsociability taciturn villagers
      • RETICENT implies a reluctance to speak out or at length, especially about one's own affairs was reticent about his plans
      • RESERVED implies reticence and suggests the restraining influence of caution or formality in checking easy informal conversational exchange

        greetings were brief, formal, and reserved

      • SECRETIVE, too, implies reticence but usually carries a suggestion of deviousness and lack of frankness or of an often ostentatious will to conceal

        the secretive research and development division

• audacious : trepidation = laconic : garrulity (反面性質)
  • audacious
  • trepidation (/ ˌtrepəˈdeɪʆən /) timorous uncertain agitation : APPREHENSION 驚恐,慌張,不安

    FEAR, DREAD, FRIGHT, ALARM, PANIC, TERROR, TREPIDATION mean painful agitation in the presence or anticipation of danger.

    • FEAR is the most general term and implies anxiety and usually loss of courage fear of the unknown
    • DREAD usually adds the idea of intense reluctance to face or meet a person or situation and suggests aversion as well as anxiety faced the meeting with dread
    • FRIGHT implies the shock of sudden, startling fear fright at being awakened suddenly
    • ALARM suggests a sudden and intense awareness of immediate danger view the situation with alarm
    • PANIC implies unreasoning and overmastering fear causing hysterical activity the news caused widespread panic
    • TERROR implies the most extreme degree of fear immobilized with terror
    • TREPIDATION adds to DREAD the implications of timidity, trembling, and hesitation raised the subject with trepidation
  • laconic 見上 garrulous, loquacious 之反義字
• garrulous : talktive = cloying : sweet = fussy : careful (程度類比)
  • cloying (/ ˈklɔɪ-ɪŋ /) disgusting or distasteful by reason of excess also: excessively sweet or sentimental (因過量而)倒胃口的;使人感到膩煩的
  • fussy (/ ˈfʌsi /) easily upset : IRRITABLE 容易沮喪的 overly decorative 過分裝飾的

    requiring or giving close attention to details 過於講究的 revealing a sometimes extreme concern for niceties : FASTIDIOUS, PICKY 難以取悅的;挑剔的

• garrulous, loquacious : words = prodigal, profligate : money (修飾對象)
  • prodigal (/ ˈprɒdɪgəl)
    • recklessly extravagant 不在乎地奢侈的
    • characterized by wasteful expenditure : LAVISH 揮霍的
    • yielding abundantly : LUXURIANT (物產等)豐富的,大量的
    • PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.
      • PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
      • LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
      • PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
      • LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
      • LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
      • EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination
  • profligate (/ ˈprɒflɪgət) completely given up to dissipation(浪費,放蕩) and licentiousness(放蕩) 放蕩的 wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL 放蕩的;浪費的
• loquaciousness : talk = extravagance : expenditure (定義類比)
  • extravagance (extra, vag: 流浪、無方向，/ ɪkˈstrævəgəns/) an instance of excess or prodigality，something extravagant 奢侈,鋪張;浪費，過度,無節制

    extravagant (extra, vag: 流浪、無方向，/ ɪkˈstrævəgənt/)

    • exceeding the limits of reason or necessity 放肆的;過度的,過分的
    • lacking in moderation, balance, and restraint extravagant praise 不知節制的
    • extremely or excessively elaborate 過份講究、裝飾的
    • spending much more than necessary 浪費的
    • PROFUSE, LAVISH 揮霍的
    • unreasonably high in price 極貴的

      EXCESSIVE, IMMODERATE, INORDINATE, EXTRAVAGANT, EXORBITANT, EXTREME mean going beyond a normal limit.

      • EXCESSIVE implies an amount or degree too great to be reasonable or acceptable excessive punishment
      • IMMODERATE implies lack of desirable or necessary restraint immoderate spending
      • INORDINATE implies an exceeding of the limits dictated by reason or good judgment inordinate pride
      • EXTRAVAGANT implies an indifference to restraints imposed by truth, prudence, or good taste extravagant claims for the product
      • EXORBITANT implies a departure from accepted standards regarding amount or degree exorbitant prices
      • EXTREME may imply an approach to the farthest limit possible or conceivable but commonly means only to a notably high degree extreme shyness
  • expenditure (/ ɪkˈspendɪtʆər/) the act or process of expending 消費;支出 something expended: DISBURSEMENT, EXPENSE 支出額;經費
• loquacious : succinct = adroit : ungainly (反義類比)
  • ungainly (adj.) a: lacking in smoothness or dexterity: CLUMSY b: hard to handle: UNWIELDY 笨拙的 having an awkward appearance: UGLY 難看的;不雅的
• fawing (obsequious, sycophantic) : praise = loquacious : talk (程度類比)
  • fawning 奉承討好的

    fawn to show affection, used especially of a dog (狗等)搖尾乞憐 to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner 奉承,討好

    FAWN, TOADY, TRUCKLE, CRINGE, COWER mean to behave abjectly before a superior.

    • FAWN implies seeking favor by servile flattery or exaggerated attention waiters fawning over a celebrity
    • TOADY suggests the attempt to ingratiate oneself by an abjectly menial or subservient attitude toadying to his boss
    • TRUCKLE implies the subordination of oneself and one's desires or judgment to those of a superior truckling to a powerful lobbyist
    • CRINGE suggests a bowing or shrinking in fear or servility a cringing sycophant
    • COWER suggests a display of abject fear in the company of threatening or domineering people cowering before a bully
  • obsequious (ob: to seq: follow，/ əbˈsiːkwiəs /) marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness 諂媚的,奉承的

    SUBSERVIENT, SERVILE, SLAVISH, OBSEQUIOUS mean showing or characterized by extreme compliance or abject obedience.

    • SUBSERVIENT implies the cringing manner of one very conscious of a subordinate position domestic help was expected to be properly subservient
    • SERVILE suggests the mean or fawning behavior of a slave a political boss and his entourage of servile hangers-on
    • SLAVISH suggests abject or debased servility the slavish status of migrant farm workers
    • OBSEQUIOUS implies fawning or sycophantic compliance and exaggerated deference of manner waiters who are obsequious in the presence of celebrities
  • sycophantic (/ ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk◂ /) of, relating to, or characteristic of a sycophant : FAWNING, OBSEQUIOUS 說奉承話的

    sycophant (/ ˈsɪkəfənt /) a servile self-seeking flatterer 拍馬者,諂媚者

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Gusto

• / ˈgʌstoʊ /
• an individual or special taste

  enthusiastic and vigorous enjoyment or appreciation

  vitality marked by an abundance of vigor and enthusiasm

• 愛好;藝術的風格;風味;津津有味;熱情
• They sang hymns with great gusto.
• disgust (dis: not gust) marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful : REPUGNANCE 厭惡,憎惡
  • aversion (a: away ver: turn => turn away => 厭惡，/ əˈvɜːʆən/) 厭惡,反感
    • a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it
    • a settled dislike : ANTIPATHY
    • a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one

      because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus

  • repugnance (re: against pug: fight，/ rɪˈpʌgnəns /)

    the quality or fact of being contradictory or inconsistent 矛盾;抵觸 strong dislike, distaste, or antagonism 厭惡;反感

• <>: disgust, repel, repulse, bore <> entrance
  • repel (re: back pel: push => 排斥，/ rɪˈpel /)
    • a: to drive back: REPULSE b: to fight against: RESIST 擊退;驅除
    • TURN AWAY, REJECT 拒絕;排斥;抵制 repelled the insinuation
    • to drive away : DISCOURAGE 阻擋防止 foul words and frowns must not repel a lover Shakespeare
    • to be incapable of adhering to, mixing with, taking up, or holding
    • to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance 驅逐
    • to cause aversion in : DISGUST 使厭惡,使反感
  • repulse (re: back puls: push => 排斥，/ rɪˈpʌls /)

    to drive or beat back : REPEL 擊退; to repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial 嚴厲拒絕;冷淡地排斥 to cause repulsion in 厭惡

  • bore to cause to feel boredom 使厭煩,煩擾 (另動詞可當「鑽孔;挖井;擠過去」)
  • entrance (v.) to carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture，to put into a trance(出神;狂喜) 令(人)出神,使陶醉,使狂喜
• blatant : arresting = odious : disgusting (程度類比) (左邊 > 右邊)
  • blatant (/ ˈbleɪtənt /)
    • noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner : CLAMOROUS 喧鬧的
    • completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner : BRAZEN 公然炫耀、引人側目的
  • arresting catching the attention : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE 引人注意的;醒目的;有趣的
  • odious exciting or deserving hatred or repugnance 可憎的,可惡的,令人作嘔的
  • digusting causing disgust 令人作嘔的;十分討厭的,可憎的

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Hallucination

• / həˌluːsɪˈneɪʆən /
• luc: 欺騙
• perception of objects with no reality usually arising from disorder of the nervous system or in response to drugs (the object so perceived)

  an unfounded or mistaken impression or notion : DELUSION

  • illusion 錯覺,幻覺;假象;幻想,錯誤的觀念
    • (1) : the state or fact of being intellectually deceived or misled : MISAPPREHENSION (2) : an instance of such deception 錯覺,幻覺;
    • (1) : a misleading image presented to the vision (2) : something that deceives or misleads intellectually 錯覺;假象
    • (1) : perception of something objectively existing in such a way as to cause misinterpretation of its actual nature (2) : HALLUCINATION
    • (3) : a pattern capable of reversible perspective
• 幻覺;妄想,錯覺
• The patients suffered hallucinations caused by the drug.
• maelstrom : turbulent = mirage : illusory (正面性質)
  • maelstrom (/ ˈmeɪlstrəm /)
    • a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects within a given radius 大(或急劇的)漩渦
    • something resembling a maelstrom in turbulence 大混亂
  • turbulent (turb) causing unrest, violence, or disturbance，characterized by agitation or tumult : TEMPESTUOUS 騷動的,騷亂的;動蕩的;混亂的

    turbulence 動亂,騷亂;湍流;(氣體等的)紊流;(海洋、天氣等的)狂暴

  • mirage (/məˈrɑːʒ /) 海市蜃樓，something illusory and unattainable like a mirage 幻想;妄想
  • illusory based on or producing illusion : DECEPTIVE 幻覺的,夢幻似的;迷惑人的;虛假的;不實際的; illusory hopes

    APPARENT, ILLUSORY, SEEMING, OSTENSIBLE mean not actually being what appearance indicates.

    • APPARENT suggests appearance to unaided senses that is not or may not be borne out by more rigorous examination or greater knowledge

      the apparent cause of the accident

    • ILLUSORY implies a false impression based on deceptive resemblance or faulty observation,

      or influenced by emotions that prevent a clear view an illusory sense of security

    • SEEMING implies a character in the thing observed that gives it the appearance, sometimes through intent, of something else the seeming simplicity of the story
    • OSTENSIBLE suggests a discrepancy between an openly declared or naturally implied aim or reason and the true one the ostensible reason for their visit
• nicety : precision = illusion : fantasy (同義類比)
  • nicety
    • the quality or state of being nice
    • an elegant, delicate, or civilized feature 優美;優美的東西 enjoy the niceties of life
    • a fine point or distinction : SUBTLETY 微妙 the niceties of table manners
    • careful attention to details : delicate exactness : PRECISION 精確;細微的區別;細節
    • delicacy of taste or feeling : FASTIDIOUSNESS 挑剔;過分講究
  • fantasy 空想;幻想;夢想;空想的產物;幻想作品
    • FANCY; especially : the free play of creative imagination
    • a creation of the imaginative faculty whether expressed or merely conceived
    • the power or process of creating especially unrealistic or improbable mental images in response to psychological need
• delusion : conception = hallucination : perception (對象類比) (左邊是錯誤的右邊)
  • delusion the act of deluding: the state of being deluded 錯覺;幻覺;妄想症

    delude to mislead the mind or judgment of : DECEIVE, TRICK 欺騙;哄騙;迷惑

  • conception
    • 懷孕;胚胎
    • the capacity, function, or process of forming or understanding ideas or abstractions or their symbols 設想;構想;概念的形成
    • a general idea : CONCEPT 概念,觀念;想法
    • a complex product of abstract or reflective thinking
    • the sum of a person's ideas and beliefs concerning something
    • the originating of something in the mind 開始,創始
  • perception
    • a result of perceiving : OBSERVATION 觀察感知結果
    • a mental image : CONCEPT 觀念想法
    • awareness of the elements of environment through physical sensation 感知能力
    • physical sensation interpreted in the light of experience
    • quick, acute, and intuitive cognition : APPRECIATION 快速敏銳直覺的認知能力
    • a capacity for comprehension 洞察瞭解力

      DISCERNMENT, DISCRIMINATION, PERCEPTION, PENETRATION, INSIGHT, ACUMEN mean a power to see what is not evident to the average mind.

      • DISCERNMENT stresses accuracy (as in reading character or motives or appreciating art) the discernment to know true friends
      • DISCRIMINATION stresses the power to distinguish and select what is true or appropriate or excellent

        the discrimination that develops through listening to a lot of great music

      • PERCEPTION implies quick and often sympathetic discernment (as of shades of feeling) a novelist of keen perception into human motives
      • PENETRATION implies a searching mind that goes beyond what is obvious or superficial lacks the penetration to see the scorn beneath their friendly smiles
      • INSIGHT suggests depth of discernment coupled with understanding sympathy a documentary providing insight into the plight of the homeless
      • ACUMEN implies characteristic penetration combined with keen practical judgment a director of reliable box-office acumen

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Idiosyncrasy

• / ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi /
• a peculiarity of constitution or temperament : an individualizing characteristic or quality

  individual hypersensitiveness(過敏) (as to a drug or food)

  characteristic peculiarity (as of temperament); broadly : ECCENTRICITY

• (個人的)氣質,習性;個人怪癖;過敏
• Flight crews must become familiar with each airplane's idiosyncrasies.
• idiosyncrasy : unique, inimitable (正面性質)
  • inimitable (in: not imitate，/ ɪˈnɪmətəbəl /) not capable of being imitated : MATCHLESS 無法仿效的;獨特的;無比的

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Imbecility

• /ˌɪmbəˈsɪlətɪ/
• the quality or state of being imbecile or an imbecile

  a: utter foolishness; also: FUTILITY b: something that is foolish or nonsensical

  • imbecile (n.，/ ˈɪmbəsəl /) a mentally deficient person 低能者,弱智者 FOOL, IDIOT, moron 傻子,蠢人,白痴
• 低能,弱智;極端愚蠢;愚笨的言行

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Indolence

• / ˈɪndələns /
• (記憶法： 印度人 -.-)
• inclination to laziness : SLOTH

  (GRE 三大動物名稱的懶惰) (其中一個也不算動物名稱啦，且只是取諧音 -.-)

  • sloth (樹獺，看起來懶惰)
  • sluggard (slug: 蛞蝓)
  • indolence (用「印度人」諧音記)
• 懶散,懶惰
• indolent
  • a: causing little or no pain 小痛的;無痛的 b: slow to develop or heal 進展緩慢的;頑性的;癒合緩慢的
  • a: averse to activity, effort, or movement: habitually lazy b: conducing to or encouraging laziness c: exhibiting indolence 懶惰的;好逸惡勞的;懶散的

    LAZY, INDOLENT, SLOTHFUL mean not easily aroused to activity.

    • LAZY suggests a disinclination to work or to take trouble convenience foods for lazy cooks
    • INDOLENT suggests a love of ease and a settled dislike of movement or activity the heat made us all indolent
    • SLOTHFUL implies a temperamental inability to act promptly or speedily when action or speed is called for fired for being slothful about filling orders
• rectitude : transgress = indolence : stir (反面性質)
  • rectitude (rect: 正，/ ˈrektətjuːd/)

    the quality or state of being straight 筆直 moral integrity: RIGHTEOUSNESS 正直;公正 the quality or state of being correct in judgment or procedure 正確

  • transgress (trans: 越過 gress: 走 (ex: progress))
    • to go beyond limits set or prescribed by: VIOLATE 違反,違背(規則、法律等) transgress divine law
    • to pass beyond or go over (a limit or boundary) 侵犯,越過(限度、範圍等)
  • stir
    • to disturb the quiet of : AGITATE，to bring into notice or debate : RAISE，to rouse to activity : evoke strong feelings in，to call forth (as a memory): EVOKE，PROVOKE

      激起;激動;轟動;鼓動;煽動;喚醒;喚起

    • to disturb the relative position of the particles or parts of especially by a continued circular movement 攪拌,攪動

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Intimidation

• / ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʆən /
• intimidate to make timid or fearful: FRIGHTEN; especially: to compel or deter by or as if by threats 威嚇;脅迫

  INTIMIDATE, COW, BULLDOZE, BULLY, BROWBEAT mean to frighten into submission.

  • INTIMIDATE implies inducing fear or a sense of inferiority into another intimidated by so many other bright freshmen
  • COW implies reduction to a state where the spirit is broken or all courage is lost not at all cowed by the odds against making it in show business
  • BULLDOZE implies an intimidating or an overcoming of resistance usually by urgings, demands, or threats bulldozed the city council into approving the plan
  • BULLY implies intimidation through threats, insults, or aggressive behavior bullied into giving up their lunch money
  • BROWBEAT implies a cowing through arrogant, scornful or contemptuous treatment browbeat the witness into a contradiction
• 恫嚇,恐嚇;脅迫
• She had endured years of intimidation and violence.
• sycophant : flattery = extortionist : intimidation (人物性質)
  • sycophant (/ ˈsɪkəfənt /) a servile self-seeking flatterer 拍馬者,諂媚者

    sycophantic (/ ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk◂ /) of, relating to, or characteristic of a sycophant : FAWNING, OBSEQUIOUS 說奉承話的

  • extortionist (/ ɪkˈstɔːrʆənɪst/) one that extorts especially money or other property 敲詐者;勒索者;強奪者

    extort to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or illegal power: WRING; also: to gain especially by ingenuity or compelling argument

    敲詐;勒索;強佔;牽強地引出

• formidable : intimidate = disparaging : denigrate (正面性質)
  • formidable causing fear, dread, or apprehension，having qualities that discourage approach or attack，tending to inspire awe or wonder 可怕的,令人畏懼的
  • disparaging (dis: not para: beside 並列) 輕蔑的;毀謗的

  • denigrate

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Intuition

• / ˌɪntjuˈɪʆən/
• in: into tuit: look
• quick and ready insight

  immediate apprehension or cognition

  knowledge or conviction gained by intuition

  the power or faculty of attaining to direct knowledge or cognition without evident rational thought and inference

• 直觀(能力),直覺;直覺感知的事;直覺知識;敏銳的洞察力
• We should trust our intuitions.
• <>: myopia <> prescience, discernment
  • myopia (/ maɪˈoʊpiə/)
    • a condition in which the visual images come to a focus in front of the retina of the eye resulting especially in defective vision of distant objects 近視
    • a lack of foresight or discernment : a narrow view of something 目光淺短;看不清
  • prescience (pre science: knowledge) foreknowledge of events: a: divine omniscience b: human anticipation of the course of events: FORESIGHT 預知;先見
  • discernment the quality of being able to grasp and comprehend what is obscure: skill in discerning， an act of discerning 洞察;識別;洞察力;識別能力;敏銳

    DISCERNMENT, DISCRIMINATION, PERCEPTION, PENETRATION, INSIGHT, ACUMEN mean a power to see what is not evident to the average mind.

    • DISCERNMENT stresses accuracy (as in reading character or motives or appreciating art) the discernment to know true friends
    • DISCRIMINATION stresses the power to distinguish and select what is true or appropriate or excellent

      the discrimination that develops through listening to a lot of great music

    • PERCEPTION implies quick and often sympathetic discernment (as of shades of feeling) a novelist of keen perception into human motives
    • PENETRATION implies a searching mind that goes beyond what is obvious or superficial lacks the penetration to see the scorn beneath their friendly smiles
    • INSIGHT suggests depth of discernment coupled with understanding sympathy a documentary providing insight into the plight of the homeless
    • ACUMEN implies characteristic penetration combined with keen practical judgment a director of reliable box-office acumen

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Lassitude

• /ˈlæsətjuːd/
• lass: lax 放鬆
• a condition of weariness or debility : FATIGUE

  a condition of listlessness : LANGUOR

  LETHARGY, LANGUOR, LASSITUDE, STUPOR, TORPOR mean physical or mental inertness.

  • LETHARGY implies such drowsiness or aversion to activity as is induced by disease, injury, or drugs months of lethargy followed my accident
  • LANGUOR (languish) suggests inertia induced by an enervating climate or illness or love languor induced by a tropical vacation
  • LASSITUDE stresses listlessness or indifference resulting from fatigue or poor health a depression marked by lassitude
  • STUPOR implies a deadening of the mind and senses by shock, narcotics, or intoxicants lapsed into an alcoholic stupor
  • TORPOR implies a state of suspended animation as of hibernating animals but may suggest merely extreme sluggishness a once alert mind now in a torpor
  • weariness (wear 磨損 => 倦怠，/ ˈwɪərɪnɪs/) 疲倦;困乏;消沈;厭倦

    waery (adj.，/ ˈwɪəri/) exhausted in strength, endurance, vigor, or freshness 疲倦、倦怠、乏味

  • debility (de: no bility: ability) WEAKNESS, INFIRMITY 衰弱
  • fatigue (/ fəˈtiːg /)
    • very great tiredness 疲勞,勞累: He's suffering from physical and mental fatigue.
    • a weakness in metal or wood, caused when it is bent or stretched many times 疲乏
  • listlessness 倦怠,無精打采,百無聊賴

    listless characterized by lack of interest, energy, or spirit : LANGUID 無精打采的,倦怠的; a listless melancholy attitude

• 困乏;厭倦
• The candidates have been trying to lift voters out of their lassitude.
• <>:
  • vim robust energy and enthusiasm 精力;生氣;精神 She was full of vim and vigor.
  • verve the spirit and enthusiasm animating artistic composition or performance : VIVACITY 氣魄;神韻; ENERGY, VITALITY 活力;激情

    Cziffra played the Hungarian dances with great verve.

  • animation the act of animating : the state of being animate or animated 生氣,活潑,熱烈;激勵;興奮 (另一意：動畫)

    animate (v.) to give spirit and support to: ENCOURAGE 使有生命;激勵,鼓舞 a: to give life to b: to give vigor and zest to 使活潑,使有活力,使有生氣

• latitude <> restraint, strict constraint, strict limitation
  • latitude (形似義異字) freedom of action or choice (言語,行動等的)迴旋餘地,自由 (另一義： 緯度)
• guilt : expiate = fatigue : repose (對象關係)

  guilt : to extinguish the guilt = very great tiredness : rest (get rid of tiredness)

  • expiate (/ ˈekspieɪt / , to extinguish the guilt incurred by, to make amends for 贖(罪);補償):

    She expiated her crime by becoming a nun.

  • repose to lay at rest 使休息;使依靠;使靜臥
• lassitude : stir = arrogance : defer (反面性質)
  • stir
    • to disturb the quiet of : AGITATE，to bring into notice or debate : RAISE，to rouse to activity : evoke strong feelings in，to call forth (as a memory): EVOKE，PROVOKE

      激起;激動;轟動;鼓動;煽動;喚醒;喚起

    • to disturb the relative position of the particles or parts of especially by a continued circular movement 攪拌,攪動
  • arrogance a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims 傲慢;自大;自負

    haughty (adj.，haugh: high，/ ˈhɔːti/) blatantly and disdainfully proud 高傲的,傲慢的,自大的

    PROUD, ARROGANT, HAUGHTY, LORDLY, INSOLENT, OVERBEARING, SUPERCILIOUS, DISDAINFUL mean showing scorn for inferiors.

    • PROUD may suggest an assumed superiority or loftiness too proud to take charity
    • ARROGANT implies a claiming for oneself of more consideration or importance than is warranted a conceited and arrogant executive
    • HAUGHTY suggests a consciousness of superior birth or position a haughty aristocrat
    • LORDLY implies pomposity or an arrogant display of power a lordly condescension
    • INSOLENT implies contemptuous haughtiness ignored by an insolent waiter
    • OVERBEARING suggests a tyrannical manner or an intolerable insolence an overbearing supervisor
    • SUPERCILIOUS implies a cool, patronizing haughtiness an aloof and supercilious manner
    • DISDAINFUL suggests a more active and openly scornful superciliousness disdainful of their social inferiors
  • defer PUT OFF, DELAY 推遲,使展期 to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect 因尊敬而順從

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Mettle

• / ˈmetl /
• medal 回報 "勇氣、精神"
• vigor and strength of spirit or temperament

  staying quality : STAMINA

  quality of temperament or disposition

  COURAGE, METTLE, SPIRIT, RESOLUTION, TENACITY mean mental or moral strength to resist opposition, danger, or hardship.

  • COURAGE implies firmness of mind and will in the face of danger or extreme difficulty the courage to support unpopular causes
  • METTLE suggests an ingrained capacity for meeting strain or difficulty with fortitude and resilience a challenge that will test your mettle
  • SPIRIT also suggests a quality of temperament enabling one to hold one's own or keep up one's morale when opposed or threatened her spirit was unbroken by failure
  • RESOLUTION stresses firm determination to achieve one's ends the resolution of pioneer women
  • TENACITY adds to RESOLUTION implications of stubborn persistence and unwillingness to admit defeat held to their beliefs with great tenacity
• 秉性;氣質;精神;勇氣;毅力
• a crisis which will test the prime minister's mettle
• mettle : valor (同義類比)
  • valor (val: value，/ˈvælər/) strength of mind or spirit that enables a person to encounter danger with firmness : personal bravery 英勇,勇氣,勇猛

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Obsession

• / əbˈseʆən /
• ob: against sess: live
• a persistent disturbing preoccupation with an often unreasonable idea or feeling; broadly: compelling motivation

  obsess (/ əbˈses /) to haunt(經常出沒、縈繞於心) or excessively preoccupy the mind of 迷戀,使著迷;纏住 was obsessed with the idea

• 著迷,迷戀;擺脫不了的思想(或情感)
• The current obsession with exam results is actually harming children's education.

  He has an enthusiasm for art, to the point of obsession in my opinion.

• <>: perfunctory interest
  • perfunctory (/ pərˈfʌŋktəri/) characterized by routine or superficiality: MECHANICAL 敷衍的,馬虎的 a perfunctory smile lacking in interest or enthusiasm 不感興趣的
• agnoized : distress = obsessed : concern (正面性質)(並含程度類比：左 > 右)
  • agnoized (/ˈægənaɪzd/) characterized by, suffering, or expressing agony 感到(或表示)極度痛苦的

    agnoy (/ ˈægəni /)

    • a: intense pain of mind or body : ANGUISH, TORTURE 極度痛苦;苦惱 b: the struggle that precedes death 臨死的痛苦
    • a violent struggle or contest 激烈掙扎、競爭
    • a strong sudden display (as of joy or delight) : OUTBURST (感情的)爆發

      DISTRESS, SUFFERING, MISERY, AGONY mean the state of being in great trouble.

      • DISTRESS implies an external and usually temporary cause of great physical or mental strain and stress the hurricane put everyone in great distress
      • SUFFERING implies conscious endurance of pain or distress the suffering of famine victims
      • MISERY stresses the unhappiness attending especially sickness, poverty, or loss the homeless live with misery every day
      • AGONY suggests pain too intense to be borne in agony over the death of their child
  • distress pain or suffering affecting the body, a bodily part, or the mind : TROUBLE 悲痛,苦惱,憂傷 a painful situation : MISFORTUNE 危難,不幸

    同義字見上 agony 之同義字

  • concern
    • to relate to : be about 關於
    • to have an influence on : INVOLVE; also: to be the business or affair of 關係到;影響到
    • to be a care, trouble, or distress to 關心、影響
    • ENGAGE, OCCUPY
• firm : intransigent : concerned : obsessed (程度類比) (左 < 右)
  • firm (adj.) not subject to change or revision 堅定的;
  • intransigent (/ ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒənt /) refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude 不妥協的 an intransigent attitude
  • concerned ANXIOUS, WORRIED 掛慮的,擔心的,不安的 INTERESTED，interestedly engaged 感興趣的 culpably involved : IMPLICATED 相關涉入的

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Penchant

• /ˈpentʆənt/
• a strong and continued inclination; broadly: LIKING
• 強烈而持續地喜歡
• a penchant for fast cars

Predilection

• /ˌpredlˈekʆən/
• pre，di: sperate，lec: select => 分開選擇一個喜歡 => 偏愛
• an established preference for something
• 嗜好;偏愛

Propensity

• / prəˈpensəti /
• an often intense natural inclination or preference
• (性格上的)傾向,習性

 

• <>: aversion (a: away ver: turn => 掉頭就走) 厭惡,反感
  • a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it
  • a settled dislike : ANTIPATHY
  • a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one

    because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus

 

• LEANING, PROPENSITY, PROCLIVITY, PENCHANT mean a strong instinct or liking for something.
  • LEANING suggests a liking or attraction not strong enough to be decisive or uncontrollable a student with artistic leanings
  • PROPENSITY implies a deeply ingrained and usually irresistible inclination a propensity to offer advice
  • PROCLIVITY suggests a strong natural proneness usually to something objectionable or evil a proclivity for violence
  • PENCHANT implies a strongly marked taste in the person or an irresistible attraction in the object a penchant for taking risks
• PREDILECTION, PREPOSSESSION, PREJUDICE, BIAS mean an attitude of mind that predisposes one to favor something.
  • PREDILECTION implies a strong liking deriving from one's temperament or experience a predilection for horror movies
  • PREPOSSESSION suggests a fixed conception likely to preclude objective judgment of anything counter to it a prepossession against technology
  • PREJUDICE usually implies an unfavorable prepossession and connotes a feeling rooted in suspicion, fear, or intolerance

    a mindless prejudice against the unfamiliar

  • BIAS implies an unreasoned and unfair distortion of judgment in favor of or against a person or thing the common bias against overweight people

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Rancor

• /ˈræŋkər/
• bitter deep-seated ill will

  ENMITY, HOSTILITY, ANTIPATHY, ANTAGONISM, ANIMOSITY, RANCOR, ANIMUS mean deep-seated dislike or ill will.

  • ENMITY suggests positive hatred which may be open or concealed an unspoken enmity
  • HOSTILITY suggests an enmity showing itself in attacks or aggression hostility between the two nations
  • ANTIPATHY and ANTAGONISM imply a natural or logical basis for one's hatred or dislike,

    ANTIPATHY suggesting repugnance, a desire to avoid or reject

    ANTAGONISM suggesting a clash of temperaments leading readily to hostility

    a natural antipathy for self-seekers，antagonism between the brothers

  • ANIMOSITY suggests intense ill will and vindictiveness that threaten to kindle hostility animosity that led to revenge
  • RANCOR is especially applied to bitter brooding over a wrong rancor filled every line of his letters
  • ANIMUS adds to animosity the implication of strong prejudice objections devoid of personal animus
• 仇恨;激烈的憎惡
• He spoke openly about the war without a trace of rancour.
• <>: good will
  • camaraderie <> enmity
    • camaraderie (/ ˌkæməˈrɑːdəri/) a spirit of friendly good-fellowship 同伴間的友愛和忠誠
    • enmity (enemy，/ ˈenməti /) positive, active, and typically mutual hatred or ill will 敵意;不和 (同義字見此 rancor 之同義字)

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Repugnance

• / rɪˈpʌgnəns /
• re: against pugn: fight (ex: pugnacious 好鬥的;好戰的 impugn)
• a: the quality or fact of being contradictory or inconsistent b: an instance of such contradiction or inconsistency

  strong dislike, distaste, or antagonism

• 矛盾;抵觸，厭惡;反感
• Emotion becomes ever more constrained by feelings of shame, repugnance or propriety.
• <>: affinity
  • repugnant <> congenial
    • repugnant INCOMPATIBLE, INCONSISTENT 矛盾的;抵觸的 exciting distaste or aversion 厭惡的;反感的
    • congenial (con: together gen: 性質，/ kənˈdʒiːniəl /)
      • having the same nature, disposition, or tastes : KINDRED 協調的,一致的;
      • existing or associated together harmoniously 意氣相投的;性格相同的
    • PLEASANT; especially: agreeably suited to one's nature, tastes, or outlook 適合的;舒適的
    • SOCIABLE, GENIAL 友善的;和藹可親的
  • pulchritude <> ugliness, hideousness, homeliness
    • pulchritude (/ ˈpʌlkrɪtjuːd/) physical comeliness(秀麗,漂亮,悅目) 身體上的美
    • hideousness (hide，/ ˈhɪdiəsnɪs/) offensive to the senses and especially to sight : exceedingly ugly，morally offensive : SHOCKING 醜陋;可怕;駭人聽聞
    • homeliness (home，/ ˈhomlinɪs /)
      • being something familiar with which one is at home 居家的
      • a: unaffectedly natural: SIMPLE b: not elaborate or complex 簡樸;樸實
      • plain or unattractive in appearance 相貌平平
• odious : repugnance, disgust = menacing : fear (正面性質)
  • odious exciting or deserving hatred or repugnance 可憎的,可惡的,令人作嘔的
  • disgust (dis: not gust) marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful : REPUGNANCE 厭惡,憎惡
  • menacing (/ ˈmenɪsɪŋ /) 威脅的;險惡的

    menace (/ ˈmenəs /)(n.、v.) to make a show of intention to harm，to represent or pose a threat to : ENDANGER 威脅,恐嚇

• cogent : convince = repugnant : repel (正面性質)
  • cogent (co: together gen: 性質，/ˈkoʊdʒənt/)

    having power to compel or constrain appealing 有力的 forcibly to the mind or reason : CONVINCING 使人信服的 PERTINENT, RELEVANT 相關的

    VALID, SOUND, COGENT, CONVINCING, TELLING mean having such force as to compel serious attention and usually acceptance.

    • VALID implies being supported by objective truth or generally accepted authority a valid reason for being absent，a valid marriage
    • SOUND implies a basis of flawless reasoning or of solid grounds a sound proposal for reviving the economy
    • COGENT may stress either weight of sound argument and evidence or lucidity of presentation the prosecutor's cogent summation won over the jury
    • CONVINCING suggests a power to overcome doubt, opposition, or reluctance to accept a convincing argument for welfare reform
    • TELLING stresses an immediate and crucial effect striking at the heart of a matter a telling example of bureaucratic waste
  • repel (re: back pel: push => 排斥，/ rɪˈpel /)
    • a: to drive back: REPULSE b: to fight against: RESIST 擊退;驅除
    • TURN AWAY, REJECT 拒絕;排斥;抵制 repelled the insinuation
    • to drive away : DISCOURAGE 阻擋防止 foul words and frowns must not repel a lover Shakespeare
    • to be incapable of adhering to, mixing with, taking up, or holding
    • to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance 驅逐
    • to cause aversion in : DISGUST 使厭惡,使反感

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Sloth

• /sloʊθ/
• 樹獺
• a: disinclination to action or labor: INDOLENCE
  b: spiritual apathy and inactivity

  (GRE 三大動物名稱的懶惰) (其中一個也不算動物名稱啦，且只是取諧音 -.-)

  • sloth (樹獺，看起來懶惰)
  • sluggard (slug: 蛞蝓)
  • indolence (用「印度人」諧音記)
• 懶散,怠惰
• Workers could be punished for incompetence or sloth.
• <>: slouch <> stand erect
  • slouch (/ slaʊtʆ )
    • (n.) a gait or posture characterized by an ungainly stooping of the head and shoulders or excessive relaxation of body muscles 沒精打采的姿態;懶散的樣子
    • (n.) an awkward fellow: LOUT 笨拙的人 one that is unimpressive; especially: a lazy or incompetent person 懶散的人
    • (v.) to walk, stand, or sit with a slouch : assume a slouch 沒精打采地站(坐或走) DROOP 下垂
  • erect vertical in position; also: not spread out or decumbent 垂直的, standing up or out from the body 豎起的

    characterized by firm or rigid straightness in bodily posture 直立的

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Stupor

• / ˈstjuːpər/
• a condition of greatly dulled or completely suspended sense or sensibility

  a state of extreme apathy or torpor resulting often from stress or shock : DAZE

  LETHARGY, LANGUOR, LASSITUDE, STUPOR, TORPOR mean physical or mental inertness.

  • LETHARGY implies such drowsiness or aversion to activity as is induced by disease, injury, or drugs months of lethargy followed my accident
  • LANGUOR (languish) suggests inertia induced by an enervating climate or illness or love languor induced by a tropical vacation
  • LASSITUDE stresses listlessness or indifference resulting from fatigue or poor health a depression marked by lassitude
  • STUPOR implies a deadening of the mind and senses by shock, narcotics, or intoxicants lapsed into an alcoholic stupor
  • TORPOR implies a state of suspended animation as of hibernating animals but may suggest merely extreme sluggishness a once alert mind now in a torpor
• 不省人事;恍惚;麻木,僵呆
• We found him lying at the bottom of the stairs in a drunken stupor.

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Suavity

• /ˈswɑːvəti/
• suave (adj.，smooth，/ swɑːv /)

  smoothly though often superficially gracious and sophisticated 和藹的,文雅的;討好的 smooth in texture, performance, or style 溫和的,平和的;平滑的;

  SUAVE, URBANE, DIPLOMATIC, BLAND, SMOOTH, POLITIC mean pleasantly tactful and well-mannered.

  • SUAVE suggests a specific ability to deal with others easily and without friction a suave public relations coordinator
  • URBANE implies high cultivation and poise coming from wide social experience an urbane traveler
  • DIPLOMATIC stresses an ability to deal with ticklish situations tactfully a diplomatic negotiator
  • BLAND emphasizes mildness of manner and absence of irritating qualities a bland master of ceremonies
  • SMOOTH suggests often a deliberately assumed suavity a smooth salesman
  • POLITIC implies shrewd as well as tactful and suave handling of people a cunningly politic manager
• 柔和;溫和,平和
• suavity : rough (反面性質)

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Temerity

• / təˈmerəti /
• unreasonable or foolhardy(愚蠢而勇敢) contempt of danger or opposition : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS

  TEMERITY, AUDACITY, HARDIHOOD, EFFRONTERY, NERVE, CHEEK, GALL, CHUTZPAH mean conspicuous or flagrant boldness.

  • TEMERITY suggests boldness arising from rashness and contempt of danger had the temerity to refuse
  • AUDACITY implies a disregard of restraints commonly imposed by convention or prudence an entrepreneur with audacity and vision
  • HARDIHOOD suggests firmness in daring and defiance admired for her hardihood
  • EFFRONTERY implies shameless, insolent disregard of propriety or courtesy outraged at his effrontery
  • NERVE, CHEEK, GALL, and CHUTZPAH are informal equivalents for EFFRONTERY

    the nerve of that guy，has the cheek to call herself a singer，had the gall to demand proof，the chutzpah needed for a career in show business

• 魯莽;冒失
• He actually had the temerity to tell her to lose weight.
• <>:
  • circumspection 慎重;謹慎

    circumspect (circum: 環 spect: 看 => 環顧 => 小心) careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences: PRUDENT 慎重的;謹慎小心的

    CAUTIOUS, CIRCUMSPECT, WARY, CHARY mean prudently watchful and discreet in the face of danger or risk.

    • CAUTIOUS implies the exercise of forethought usually prompted by fear of danger a cautious driver
    • CIRCUMSPECT suggests less fear and stresses the surveying of all possible consequences before acting or deciding circumspect in his business dealings
    • WARY emphasizes suspiciousness and alertness in watching for danger and cunning in escaping it keeps a wary eye on the competition
    • CHARY implies a cautious reluctance to give, act, or speak freely chary of signing papers without having read them first
  • pusillanimity (pusi: 小 anim: mind，/ ˌpjuːsɪləˈnɪməti /) the quality or state of being pusillanimous: COWARDLINESS 膽怯;懦弱;優柔寡斷

    pusillanimous (/ ˌpjuːsɪˈlænəməs /) lacking courage and resolution : marked by contemptible timidity 膽怯的;懦弱的;優柔寡斷的

    COWARDLY, PUSILLANIMOUS, CRAVEN, DASTARDLY mean having or showing a lack of courage.

    • COWARDLY implies a weak or ignoble lack of courage a cowardly failure to stand up for principle
    • PUSILLANIMOUS suggests a contemptible lack of courage the pusillanimous fear of a future full of possibility
    • CRAVEN suggests extreme defeatism and complete lack of resistance secretly despised her own craven yes-men
    • DASTARDLY often implies behavior that is both cowardly and treacherous or skulking or outrageous a dastardly attack on unarmed civilians
  • cautious approach

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Trepidation

• / ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʆən /
• timorous(膽怯) uncertain agitation : APPREHENSION

  FEAR, DREAD, FRIGHT, ALARM, PANIC, TERROR, TREPIDATION mean painful agitation in the presence or anticipation of danger.

  • FEAR is the most general term and implies anxiety and usually loss of courage fear of the unknown
  • DREAD usually adds the idea of intense reluctance to face or meet a person or situation and suggests aversion as well as anxiety faced the meeting with dread
  • FRIGHT implies the shock of sudden, startling fear fright at being awakened suddenly
  • ALARM suggests a sudden and intense awareness of immediate danger view the situation with alarm
  • PANIC implies unreasoning and overmastering fear causing hysterical activity the news caused widespread panic
  • TERROR implies the most extreme degree of fear immobilized with terror
  • TREPIDATION adds to DREAD the implications of timidity, trembling, and hesitation raised the subject with trepidation
• 驚恐,慌張,不安
• With some trepidation , I opened the door.
• audacious : trepidation = laconic : garrulity (反面性質)
  • audacious (da: daring，/ ɔːˈdeɪʆəs/)
    • a: intrepidly daring: ADVENTUROUS 大膽的;無畏的 b: recklessly bold : RASH 魯莽的;
    • contemptuous of law, religion, or decorum : INSOLENT 膽大妄為的,厚顏無恥的
    • marked by originality and verve 具原創活力的
  • laconic (lacon: lakon 某小說中不愛講話之角色名，/ ləˈkɒnɪk/)

    using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 簡潔的,簡明的

    CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression.

  • garrulity (/ ˈgərulətɪ/) the quality or state of being garrulous 饒舌

    garrulous (/ ˈgærələs /) given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity : pointlessly or annoyingly talkative 饒舌的

    TALKATIVE, LOQUACIOUS, GARRULOUS, VOLUBLE mean given to talk or talking.

    • TALKATIVE may imply a readiness to engage in talk or a disposition to enjoy conversation a talkative neighbor
    • LOQUACIOUS suggests the power of expressing oneself articulately, fluently, or glibly a loquacious spokesperson
    • GARRULOUS implies prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity garrulous traveling companions
    • VOLUBLE suggests a free, easy, and unending loquacity a voluble raconteur
• dauntless : trepidation = footloose : attachment = unversed : familiarity (反面性質)
  • footloose (foot，loose) having no ties : free to move about 自由自在的;不受束縛的 When the kids leave home, you'll be footloose and fancy-free.
  • attachment the state of being personally attached: FIDELITY attachment to a cause affectionate regard a deep attachment to nature 情感,愛慕;忠誠 (牽絆約束)
  • unversed not familiarized 不熟諳的;不精通的;無經驗的

    verse (n.) a line of metrical writing, STANZA 詩句,詩行;詩節 (v.) to make verse : VERSIFY 作詩 (v.) to familiarize by close association, study, or experience 使熟練,使精通

• apprehension : terror = affection : adoration (程度類比)

  appehension < terror = affection < adoration

  • apprehension
    • the act or power of perceiving or comprehending 理解 a person of dull apprehension
    • the result of apprehending mentally : CONCEPTION 領悟;想法 according to popular apprehension
    • seizure by legal process : ARREST 逮捕,拘押
    • suspicion or fear especially of future evil : FOREBODING 恐懼,憂慮,擔心,掛念(未來的邪惡)
  • terror
    • a state of intense fear 恐怖,驚駭
    • a: one that inspires fear: SCOURGE b: a frightening aspect c: a cause of anxiety: WORRY d: an appalling person or thing; especially: BRAT 引起恐怖的事物(或人)
    • violence (as bombing) committed by groups in order to intimidate a population or government into granting their demands 恐怖行動
  • adoration (adore) the act of adoring : the state of being adored 崇拜,敬愛;傾慕

    adore to worship or honor as a deity or as divine 崇拜,崇敬 to regard with loving admiration and devotion 熱愛 to be extremely fond of 極喜歡

  • affection
    • a moderate feeling or emotion 溫和的感覺、情緒
    • tender attachment : FONDNESS 愛慕;感情 she had a deep affection for her parents
    • DISEASE, MALADY 疾病,感染
    • ATTRIBUTE 屬性 shape and weight are affections of bodies
    • the feeling aspect (as in pleasure) of consciousness
    • the action of affecting : the state of being affected 影響
    • PROPENSITY, DISPOSITION 傾向,習性

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Word

• Pronunciation
• Prefix & Root
• Eng Def. (synonym)
• Chinese Def.
• Example sentence
• <>:
• Analogy (****)

• ......

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