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GRE_Vocabulary_Luxin_Noun3
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回粉紅寶書目錄
Meditation
- / ˌmedɪˈteɪʆən /
 - med: 中間 (ex: mediate 仲裁,斡旋,居中協調)
- a discourse intended to express its author's reflections or to guide others in contemplation(沈思)
the act or process of meditating meditate to focus one's thoughts on : reflect on or ponder over 深思 to plan or project in the mind: INTEND, PURPOSE 計劃;打算;企圖 PONDER, MEDITATE, MUSE, RUMINATE mean to consider or examine attentively or deliberately. - PONDER implies a careful weighing of a problem or, often, prolonged inconclusive thinking about a matter pondered the course of action
- MEDITATE implies a definite focusing of one's thoughts on something so as to understand it deeply meditated on the meaning of life
- MUSE suggests a more or less focused daydreaming as in remembrance mused upon childhood joys
- RUMINATE implies going over the same matter in one's thoughts again and again but suggests little of either purposive thinking or rapt absorption ruminated on past disappointments
- 沈思錄
沈思,默想;冥想 - Yoga involves breathing exercises, stretching, and meditation.
a peaceful place for reading and quiet meditation
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Mores
- / ˈmɔːreɪz /
- moral (/ˈmɔːrəl/) 道德
- the fixed morally binding customs of a particular group
moral attitudes HABITS, MANNERS - (一社會共同的)習慣;習俗;道德觀
- contemporary social and sexual mores
- morale (/məˈræl /)
- moral principles, teachings, or conduct 道德;品行
- the mental and emotional condition (as of enthusiasm, confidence, or loyalty) of an individual or group with regard to the function or tasks at hand 士氣,鬥志
- the level of individual psychological well-being based on such factors as a sense of purpose and confidence in the future 士氣,鬥志
- demoralize <> cheer
- demoralize (de: down moral/morale)
- to corrupt the morals of 使道德敗壞
- to weaken the morale of : DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT 使士氣低落;使沮喪
- to upset or destroy the normal functioning of，to throw into disorder 使混亂
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Necromancy
- / ˈnekrəmænsi /
- nec: die
- conjuration of the spirits of the dead for purposes of magically revealing the future or influencing the course of events
MAGIC, SORCERY - 向亡魂問卜的通靈術
- symbiotic <> internecine, independent
- symbiotic (sym: together bio: life，/ ˌsɪmbaɪˈɒtɪk/) 共棲的;共生的
- the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organisms
- the intimate living together of two dissimilar organisms in a mutually beneficial relationship; especially: MUTUALISM
- a cooperative relationship (as between two persons or groups)
- internecine (inter: mutual nec: die，/ˌɪntərˈnesiːn/)
- marked by slaughter(屠殺): DEADLY; especially: mutually destructive 致命的;毀滅性的;互相殘殺的
- of, relating to, or involving conflict within a group 團體間衝突的
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Ordinance
- /ˈɔːrdənəns /
- order
- a: an authoritative decree or direction: ORDER b: a law set forth by a governmental authority; specifically: a municipal regulation
something ordained or decreed by fate or a deity a prescribed usage, practice, or ceremony LAW, RULE, REGULATION, PRECEPT, STATUTE, ORDINANCE, CANON mean a principle governing action or procedure. - LAW implies imposition by a sovereign authority and the obligation of obedience on the part of all subject to that authority obey the law
- RULE applies to more restricted or specific situations the rules of the game
- REGULATION implies prescription by authority in order to control an organization or system regulations affecting nuclear power plants
- PRECEPT commonly suggests something advisory and not obligatory communicated typically through teaching the precepts of effective writing
- STATUTE implies a law enacted by a legislative body a statute requiring the use of seat belts
- ORDINANCE applies to an order governing some detail of procedure or conduct enforced by a limited authority such as a municipality a city ordinance
- CANON suggests in nonreligious use a principle or rule of behavior or procedure commonly accepted as a valid guide the canons of good taste
- (市政的)法令;條令;條例，(神或命運)注定的事，傳統的風俗習慣
- a city ordinance that says parks must be closed at 11 p.m.
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Panegyric
- / ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk /
- panegy: public meeting 作表揚
- a eulogistic oration or writing; also: formal or elaborate praise
ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION mean a formal expression of praise. - ENCOMIUM implies enthusiasm and warmth in praising a person or a thing.
- EULOGY applies to a prepared speech or writing extolling the virtues and services of a person.
- PANEGYRIC suggests an elaborate often poetic compliment.
- TRIBUTE implies deeply felt praise conveyed either through words or through a significant act.
- CITATION applies to the formal praise accompanying the mention of a person in a military dispatch or in awarding an honorary degree.
- 頌文
- 「演講」單字
- lecture a discourse given before an audience or class especially for instruction 授課;演講 (指導性、定期、有進度的)
- address a formal communication; especially : a prepared speech delivered to a special audience or on a special occasion 演說,致詞 (有宣誓效果: 就職演講)
- speech a usually public discourse : ADDRESS 演說,演講,致詞 (不定期的)
- oration (ora: mouth) an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified(莊嚴高貴的) manner 演說,演講 (煽動讚美性質的)
- panegyric : eulogize, praise = lampoon : satirize = valediction : farewell (功用目的)
- eulogize (eu: beautiful log: speak，/ˈjuːlədʒaɪz/) to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL 頌揚
- lampoon
- satirize (/ˈsætəraɪz/) to utter or write satire 對...寫諷刺文章;挖苦 (對社會現象)
satire (n.) (/ ˈsætaɪər/) a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn 諷刺文學 WIT, HUMOR, IRONY, SARCASM, SATIRE, REPARTEE mean a mode of expression intended to arouse amusement. - WIT suggests the power to evoke laughter by remarks showing verbal felicity or ingenuity and swift perception especially of the incongruous a playful wit
- HUMOR implies an ability to perceive the ludicrous, the comical, and the absurd in human life and to express these usually without bitterness a sense of humor
- IRONY applies to a manner of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is seemingly expressed the irony of the title
- SARCASM applies to expression frequently in the form of irony that is intended to cut or wound given to heartless sarcasm
- SATIRE applies to writing that exposes or ridicules conduct, doctrines, or institutions either by direct criticism or more often through irony, parody, or caricature a satire on the Congress
- REPARTEE implies the power of answering quickly, pointedly, or wittily a dinner guest noted for repartee
- valediction (/ ˌvæləˈdɪkʆən /) an act of bidding farewell 告別;告別辭
- farewell a wish of well-being at parting : GOOD-BYE 告別 an act of departure: LEAVE-TAKING 告別 a formal occasion honoring a person about to leave or retire 送別會
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Peccadillo
- / ˌpekəˈdɪloʊ /
- pecca: sin, offense 過失 dillo: little
- a slight offense
- 輕罪;小過;小瑕疵
- The public is willing to forgive him for his peccadilloes.
- peccadillo : sin, offense = admonishment : castigation = cameo : sculpture = glitch : flaw = mishap : accident = misdemeanor : crime(程度類比) (左邊小於右邊)
- ingenuous : guile = impeccable : flaw : shiftless : ambition = delicate : offense (反義類比)(~less 結尾) (im~able 結尾)
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Perusal
- / pəˈruːzəl /
- peruse (/ pəˈruːz /) (v.)
- to examine or consider with attention and in detail: STUDY 細讀;研究
- to look over or through in a casual or cursory manner 隨便翻閱;瀏覽
- READ; especially: to read over in an attentive or leisurely manner
- 細讀;翻閱;瀏覽;仔細觀察;仔細研究
- She leant forward to peruse the document more closely.
- stare : leer = peruse : smattering (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)
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Plagiarism
- / ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm /
- plagia: steal
- an act or instance of plagiarizing，something plagiarized
plagiarize (/ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/) (v.) to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own: use (another's production) without crediting the source 抄襲;剽竊 - 抄襲;剽竊
- The journal accused the professor of plagiarism.
claims that there are plagiarisms in the new software - plagiarism : ideas = rustling : cattle (對象類比) (左邊轉為動詞看待，右邊為其動作對象)
- rustle (/ ˈrʌsəl /)
- (n.) a quick succession or confusion of small sounds 沙沙聲,窸窣聲
- (v.) to make or cause a rustle (綢衣,樹葉,紙等)沙沙作響
- (v.) a: to act or move with energy or speed 使勁幹;急忙行動 b: to forage food 覓食
- (v.) to steal cattle 偷牛;偷牲口
- cattle domesticated quadrupeds held as property or raised for use; specifically: bovine animals on a farm or ranch 牲口,家畜 (牛類)
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Platitude
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Portent
- / ˈpɔːrtent/
- por: forth tent: stretch 向前延伸 => 看到前面 => 預兆
(v.) portend (adj.) portentous - something that foreshadows a coming event : OMEN
prophetic(預言的) indication or significance MARVEL(令人驚奇之事), PRODIGY(令人驚奇的人物 ) - 預兆;預言指示;異常的人(或事物)
- Some people believe the raven(渡鴉) is a portent of death.
- portentous <> regular, inconsequential
- inconsequential (in: not consequential) ILLOGICAL 不合理的 IRRELEVANT 不相關的 of no significance: UNIMPORTANT 不重要的
- quotidian : marvel (反面性質)
- portent : foreshadow = harbinger : presage (目的功用)
- harbinger
- presage (pre，sage: 聖人賢人 => 先聖，/ ˈpresɪdʒ/)
- something that foreshadows or portends a future event : OMEN 預示,預兆
- an intuition or feeling of what is going to happen in the future 預感,預知
- warning or indication of the future 預示,預兆
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Protocol
- /ˈproʊtəkɒːl/
- pro: pre col: care
- an original draft, minute, or record of a document or transaction
a preliminary memorandum often formulated and signed by diplomatic negotiators as a basis for a final convention or treaty a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and precedence (as in diplomatic exchange and in the military services) a set of conventions governing the treatment and especially the formatting of data in an electronic communications system a detailed plan of a scientific or medical experiment, treatment, or procedure - 議定書;協議;草案;(尤指外交的)禮節;電腦之間通信與資料傳送所遵守的規則;科學實驗的詳細計畫
- the Montreal protocol on the protection of the ozone layer
- protocol : blunder = bumper : damage (功用目的) (左邊預防右邊)
- blunder a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness 因笨拙,忽略,不小心而犯的錯 (也可當 v.: 慌亂地走，出錯)
ERROR, MISTAKE, BLUNDER, SLIP, LAPSE mean a departure from what is true, right, or proper. - ERROR suggests the existence of a standard or guide and a straying from the right course through failure to make effective use of this procedural errors
- MISTAKE implies misconception or inadvertence and usually expresses less criticism than error dialed the wrong number by mistake
- BLUNDER regularly imputes stupidity or ignorance as a cause and connotes some degree of blame diplomatic blunders
- SLIP stresses inadvertence or accident and applies especially to trivial but embarrassing mistakes a slip of the tongue
- LAPSE stresses forgetfulness, weakness, or inattention as a cause a lapse in judgment
- bumper
- (n.) a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage (as in collision); specifically: a usually metal bar at either end of an automobile (汽車前後的)保險槓
- (n.) a brimming cup or glass 滿杯 something unusually large 特大的東西
- (adj.) unusually large 特大的;豐盛的
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Purport
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Quip
- / kwɪp /
- a clever usually taunting remark : GIBE
a witty or funny observation or response usually made on the spur of the moment QUIBBLE, EQUIVOCATION something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric : ODDITY (v.) to make quips : GIBE SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery. - SCOFF stresses insolence, disrespect, or incredulity as motivating the derision scoffed at their concerns
- JEER suggests a coarser more undiscriminating derision the crowd jeered at the prisoners
- GIBE implies taunting either good-naturedly or in sarcastic derision hooted and gibed at the umpire
- FLEER suggests grinning or grimacing derisively the saucy jackanapes fleered at my credulity
- SNEER stresses insulting by contemptuous facial expression, phrasing, or tone of voice sneered at anything romantic
- FLOUT stresses contempt shown by refusal to heed flouted the conventions of polite society
(n.) 妙語;諷刺語;託辭;怪事 (v.) 譏諷;嘲弄quip : taunting (正面性質)
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Ratiocination
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Recourse
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Recrimination
- / rɪˌkrɪməˈneɪʆən /
- re: back crim: crime (ex: criminate, incriminate 責備;控告;告發)
- a retaliatory(報復的) accusation; also: the making of such accusations
- 反責;反控
- Bitter accusations and recriminations followed the disaster.
endless recrimination
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Refutation
- / ˌrefjʊˈteɪʆən /
- the act or process of refuting
refute (/ rɪˈfjuːt /) to prove wrong by argument or evidence: show to be false or erroneous 駁斥,反駁,駁倒 to deny the truth or accuracy of 否認 - 反駁
- She refuted any allegations of malpractice.
an attempt to refute Darwin's theories - <>: verification
- refute <> verify
- irrefutable <> disputable
- irrefutable (ir: not) impossible to refute : INCONTROVERTIBLE 不能反駁的;不能回答的;不可否認的
- disputable (dispute: 爭論) possible to engage in argument 有討論餘地的;真假可疑的
- irrefutable : dispute (~able 類比)(反面性質)
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Renunciation
- / rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʆən /
- re: back (撤銷) nun: announce
renounce (v.) - the act or practice of renouncing : REPUDIATION; specifically: ascetic self-denial
- (權利等的)宣告放棄;拋棄;宣佈脫離關係;(對子女等的)拒絕承認;(對權利等的)放棄聲明書;克己
- Eastern Europe's renunciation of Communism
- <>: adoption the act of adopting : the state of being adopted 採納,採用;正式通過;收養
adopt - to take by choice into a relationship; especially : to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) as one's own child 過繼,收養
- to take up and practice or use 採用 adopted a moderate tone
- to accept formally and put into effect 接受;採納;採用 adopt a constitutional amendment
ADOPT, EMBRACE, ESPOUSE mean to take an opinion, policy, or practice as one's own. - ADOPT implies accepting something created by another or foreign to one's nature forced to adopt new policies
- EMBRACE implies a ready or happy acceptance embraced the customs of their new homeland
- ESPOUSE adds an implication of close attachment to a cause and a sharing of its fortunes espoused the cause of women's rights
- 3 個具 nun 的字
- renunciation
- denunciation (de-: dis nunci: announce) an act of denouncing; especially: a public condemnation 斥責;譴責;宣告(條約等)無效
denounce (de-: dis nounce: announce) to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil 指責,譴責 to inform against : ACCUSE 指控 to announce formally the termination of (as a treaty) 通告廢除(或終止) CRITICIZE, REPREHEND, CENSURE, REPROBATE, CONDEMN, DENOUNCE mean to find fault with openly. - CRITICIZE implies finding fault especially with methods or policies or intentions criticized the police for using violence
- REPREHEND implies both criticism and severe rebuking reprehends the self-centeredness of today's students
to voice disapproval of : CENSURE 申斥;指摘 irreprehensible 無可責備的 - CENSURE carries a strong suggestion of authority and of reprimanding a Senator formally censured by his peers
to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy 責備;譴責 - REPROBATE implies strong disapproval or firm refusal to sanction reprobated his son's unconventional lifestyle
- CONDEMN usually suggests an unqualified and final unfavorable judgment condemned the government's racial policies
(con: together (少數 con 開頭負面) demn: damn) to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation 責難,責備,譴責; to pronounce guilty : CONVICT 宣告...有罪,判...刑 - DENOUNCE adds to CONDEMN the implication of a public declaration a pastoral letter denouncing abortion
(de: down nounce: announce) to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil 指責,譴責 to announce formally the termination of (as a treaty) 通告廢除(或終止)
- enunciate (e: out nunci: announce)
limn : line = enunciate : words(對象關係) - a: to make a definite or systematic statement of b: ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM 發表;宣佈
- ARTICULATE, PRONOUNCE 清晰地發(音)
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Reprisal
- / rɪˈpraɪzəl /
- re: back pris: price => 要回代價
- a: the act or practice in international law of resorting to force short of war in retaliation for damage or loss suffered b: an instance of such action
the regaining of something (as by recapture) something (as a sum of money) given or paid in restitution(賠償,復職) a retaliatory act - 報復;賠償
- They didn't tell the police for fear of reprisal.
- <>: rapprochement (/ˌræproʊʆˈmɑːŋ/) establishment of or state of having cordial relations (國家之間)友善關係的建立;恢復邦交;友好
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Restitution
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Reticence
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Scourge
- / skɜːdʒ/
- s: separate 分離 cour: whip 皮鞭 => 鞭打到皮開肉綻
- (n.) WHIP; especially: one used to inflict pain or punishment
(n.) an instrument of punishment or criticism (n.) a cause of widespread or great affliction (v.) FLOG, WHIP (v.) a: to punish severely b: AFFLICT c: to drive as if by blows of a whip d: CHASTISE - (n.) (用作刑具的)鞭子;懲罰的工具;懲罰;苦難的根源; (v.) 鞭打,鞭笞;使痛苦;折磨;嚴懲;嚴斥;
- the scourge of unemployment
- scourge : punishment (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)
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Stint
- / stɪnt /
- (n.) a: a definite quantity of work assigned b: a period of time spent at a particular activity
(n.) RESTRAINT, LIMITATION (v.) to be sparing or frugal - (n.) 分配的工作;工作期間;節省,吝惜;限制 (v.) 節省;吝惜
- Mark did a two-year stint in the army.
In order to avoid stinting yourself, make sure you have enough money to cover all your expenses. - <>: lavish (lav: waste)
- (v.) to expend or bestow with profusion : SQUANDER 揮霍,浪費;濫施
- (adj.) expending or bestowing profusely : PRODIGAL 非常慷慨的;浪費的,濫花的 expended or produced in abundance 極其豐富的 marked by profusion or excess 大量的;過量的
PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance. - PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
- LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
- PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
- LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
- LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
- EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination
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Subtlety
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Surveillance
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Tirade
- / taɪˈreɪd/
- tir: shoot (攻擊)
- a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, vituperative, or harshly censorious language
- 長篇的攻擊性演說;激烈的發言
- He launched into a tirade against the church.
- anger : tirade = exaggeration : hyperbole (正面性質)
- exaggeration (/ ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʆən /) 誇張,誇大;誇張的言語;誇張的手法
exaggerate - to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth: OVERSTATE 誇張,誇大;對...言過其實 I couldn't sleep for three days - I'm not exaggerating.
- to enlarge or increase especially beyond the normal : OVEREMPHASIZE 使增大,使擴大;使過大
- hyperbole (hyper: over，/ haɪˈpɜːbəli/) extravagant exaggeration (as "mile-high ice-cream cones") 誇張的語句
- tirade : critical = platitude : banal = bombast : pompous (正面性質)
- platitude
- banal (/ bəˈnɑːl/) lacking originality, freshness, or novelty : TRITE 平庸的;陳腐的
INSIPID, VAPID, FLAT, JEJUNE, BANAL, INANE mean devoid of qualities that make for spirit and character. - INSIPID implies a lack of sufficient taste or savor to please or interest an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
- VAPID suggests a lack of liveliness, force, or spirit an exciting story given a vapid treatment
- FLAT applies to things that have lost their sparkle or zest although well-regarded in its day, the novel now seems flat
- JEJUNE suggests a lack of rewarding or satisfying substance a jejune and gassy speech
- BANAL stresses the complete absence of freshness, novelty, or immediacy a banal tale of unrequited love
- INANE implies a lack of any significant or convincing quality an inane interpretation of the play
- bombast (/ ˈbɒmbæst/) pretentious inflated speech or writing 誇耀的言論
- pompous (/ ˈpɒmpəs/)
- excessively elevated or ornate 壯麗的;豪華的;盛大的
- having or exhibiting self-importance : ARROGANT 愛炫耀的;浮誇的;自負的
- relating to or suggestive of pomp : MAGNIFICENT 浮華的
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Vigilance
- / ˈvɪdʒələns /
- vigi: vigor
- the quality or state of being vigilant
vigilant (vigi: vigor，/ ˈvɪdʒələnt /) alertly watchful especially to avoid danger 警戒的;警惕的 WATCHFUL, VIGILANT, WIDE-AWAKE, ALERT mean being on the lookout especially for danger or opportunity. - WATCHFUL is the least explicit term the watchful eye of the department supervisor
- VIGILANT suggests intense, unremitting, wary watchfulness eternally vigilant in the safeguarding of democracy
- WIDE-AWAKE applies to watchfulness for opportunities and developments more often than dangers wide-awake companies latched onto the new technology
- ALERT stresses readiness or promptness in meeting danger or in seizing opportunity alert traders anticipated the stock market's slide
- 警戒;警覺;警惕(性)
- the need for increased police vigilance
- vigilant <> oblivious, negligent, free from alertness
- oblivious
- negligent (neglect，/ ˈneglɪdʒənt /)
marked by or given to neglect especially habitually or culpably : not taking prudent care 隨意的;疏忽的; marked by a carelessly easy manner 粗心的 NEGLIGENT, NEGLECTFUL, LAX, SLACK, REMISS mean culpably careless or indicative of such carelessness. - NEGLIGENT implies inattention to one's duty or business negligent about writing a note of thanks
- NEGLECTFUL adds a more disapproving implication of laziness or deliberate inattention a society callously neglectful of the poor
- LAX implies a blameworthy lack of strictness, severity, or precision a reporter lax about accurate quotation
- SLACK implies want of due or necessary diligence or care slack workmanship and slipshod construction
- REMISS implies blameworthy carelessness shown in slackness, forgetfulness, or neglect had been remiss in her familial duties
- alertness 警覺;機警;敏捷;活潑;靈活
alert watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency 警覺的; quick to perceive and act 機警的;敏捷的 ACTIVE, BRISK 活潑靈活的 (同義字見上 vigilant 之同義字)
- vigilant : entrapped, (ambushed, waylaid) = wary : gulled, duped, cozened (避免...)
- entrap to catch in or as if in a trap 使投羅網 to lure into a compromising statement or act 欺騙;使陷入
CATCH, CAPTURE, TRAP, SNARE, ENTRAP, ENSNARE, BAG mean to come to possess or control by or as if by seizing. - CATCH implies the seizing of something in motion or in flight or in hiding caught the dog as it ran by
- CAPTURE suggests taking by overcoming resistance or difficulty capture an enemy stronghold
- TRAP, SNARE, ENTRAP, ENSNARE imply seizing by some device that holds the one caught at the mercy of the captor.
TRAP and SNARE apply more commonly to physical seizing trap animals，snared butterflies with a net ENTRAP and ENSNARE more often are figurative entrapped the witness with a trick question，a sting operation that ensnared burglars - BAG implies shooting down a fleeing or distant prey bagged a brace of pheasants
- ambush (bush: 灌木叢，/ ˈæmbʊʆ /)
- (n.) a trap in which concealed persons lie in wait to attack by surprise 埋伏;
- (n.) the persons stationed in ambush; also: their concealed position 設伏地點;伏兵
- (n.) an attack especially from an ambush 伏擊
- (v.) to station in ambush 埋伏下
- (v.) to attack from an ambush : WAYLAY 伏擊
- waylay (way: 路 lay: 等著 => 在路旁等著伏擊，/ weɪˈleɪ /) to lie in wait for or attack from ambush 伏擊;攔截
- gull to take advantage of (one who is foolish or unwary) : DECEIVE 欺騙 (同義字見下 dupe 之同義字)
- dupe (n.) one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL 容易受騙的人;容易被愚弄的人 (v.) to make a dupe of 欺騙,詐騙,愚弄
DUPE, GULL, TRICK, HOAX mean to deceive by underhanded means. - DUPE suggests unwariness in the person deluded.
- GULL stresses credulousness or readiness to be imposed on (as through greed) on the part of the victim.
- TRICK implies an intent to delude by means of a ruse or fraud but does not always imply a vicious intent.
- HOAX implies the contriving of an elaborate or adroit imposture in order to deceive.
- cozen to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery 騙取,哄騙,詐騙
CHEAT, COZEN, DEFRAUD, SWINDLE mean to get something by dishonesty or deception. - CHEAT suggests using trickery that escapes observation cheated me out of a dollar
- COZEN implies artful persuading or flattering to attain a thing or a purpose always able to cozen her grandfather out of a few dollars
- DEFRAUD stresses depriving one of his or her rights and usually connotes deliberate perversion of the truth defrauded of her inheritance by an unscrupulous lawyer
- SWINDLE implies large-scale cheating by misrepresentation or abuse of confidence swindled of their savings by con artists
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Wont
- /wɒːnt /
- dwell (/ dwel /) 居住 => 居住在人身上的習慣
- (n.) habitual way of doing : USE
(v.) ACCUSTOM, HABITUATEM (adj.) ACCUSTOMED, USED，INCLINED, APT - (n.) 習慣;慣常活動 (v.) 使習慣於 (adj.) 慣常於,慣於
- He spoke for too long, as is his wont.
- habit <> unwonted behavior
- unwonted being out of the ordinary : RARE, UNUSUAL 不同尋常的;少有的 not accustomed by experience 不習慣的
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Exigency
- / ˈeksɪdʒənsi/
- ex: out ig: out
- that which is required in a particular situation
the quality or state of being exigent a state of affairs that makes urgent demands exigent (ex: out ig: out，/ ˈeksɪdʒənt/) (adj.) requiring immediate aid or action，requiring or calling for much : DEMANDING 緊急的;危急的;急需的 JUNCTURE, EXIGENCY, EMERGENCY, CONTINGENCY, PINCH, STRAITS, CRISIS mean a critical or crucial time or state of affairs. - JUNCTURE stresses the significant concurrence or convergence of events an important juncture in our country's history
- EXIGENCY stresses the pressure of restrictions or urgency of demands created by a special situation provide for exigencies
- EMERGENCY applies to a sudden unforeseen situation requiring prompt action to avoid disaster the presence of mind needed to deal with emergencies
- CONTINGENCY implies an emergency or exigency that is regarded as possible but uncertain of occurrence contingency plans
- PINCH implies urgency or pressure for action to a less intense degree than EXIGENCY or EMERGENCY come through in a pinch
- STRAITS applies to a troublesome situation from which escape is extremely difficult in dire straits
- CRISIS applies to a juncture whose outcome will make a decisive difference a crisis of confidence
- (常複數)迫切需要;緊急(狀態);危急(關頭)
- the exigencies of war
- exigency : urgent, emergent (正面性質)
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Hiatus
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Oblivion
- / əˈblɪviən /
- the fact or condition of forgetting or having forgotten; especially: the condition of being oblivious
the condition or state of being forgotten or unknown oblivious (/ əˈblɪviəs /) lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention 忘卻的;健忘的;不注意的,不以為意的 - 被遺忘,淹沒;遺忘,失去感覺;不在意
- He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.
- oblivious <> vigilant, mindful, cognizant, aware
- vigilant
- mindful bearing in mind : AWARE，inclined to be aware 記住的;留心的;警覺的;小心的
- cognizant (cog: know，/ ˈkɒgnɪzənt/) knowledgeable of something especially through personal experience; also: MINDFUL 已認知的
AWARE, COGNIZANT, CONSCIOUS, SENSIBLE, ALIVE, AWAKE mean having knowledge of something. - AWARE implies vigilance in observing or alertness in drawing inferences from what one experiences aware of changes in climate
- COGNIZANT implies having special or certain knowledge as from firsthand sources not fully cognizant of the facts
- CONSCIOUS implies that one is focusing one's attention on something or is even preoccupied by it conscious that my heart was pounding
- SENSIBLE implies direct or intuitive perceiving especially of intangibles or of emotional states or qualities sensible of a teacher's influence
- ALIVE adds to SENSIBLE the implication of acute sensitivity to something alive to the thrill of danger
- AWAKE implies that one has become alive to something and is on the alert a country always awake to the threat of invasion
- aware having or showing realization, perception, or knowledge 知道的,察覺的;明智的;懂世故的;閱歷深的 (同義字見上 cognizant 之同義字)
- erudite : fathom = oblivious : neglect (正面性質)
- erudite (音似「耶魯呆子」，/ ˈerʊdaɪt /) possessing or displaying erudition : LEARNED 博學的 an erudite scholar
- fathom (/ ˈfæðəm /)
- (n.) a unit of length equal to six feet (1.83 meters) used especially for measuring the depth of water 噚(測水深的單位,一噚是6呎或1.829公尺)
- (v.) to measure by a sounding line 測量...的深度 to penetrate and come to understand 深入瞭解
- plumb
- (n.) a lead weight attached to a line and used to indicate a vertical direction 鉛錘,測鉛,垂球
- (v.) to weight with lead 用鉛錘測重 to measure the depth of with a plumb 用鉛錘測深度 to examine minutely and critically 探究,探索
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Reprieve
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Respite
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Senility
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Acme
- / ˈækmi /
- the highest point or stage; also: one that represents perfection of the thing expressed
- 最高點,頂點;極點 (有完美之意)
- the acme of perfection
- acme : surpass = (impossibility : excute)
- surpass to become better, greater, or stronger than : EXCEED，to go beyond : OVERSTEP，to transcend the reach, capacity, or powers of 勝過;優於;大於;多於;超越
Apex
Apogee
- SUMMIT, PEAK, PINNACLE, CLIMAX, APEX, ACME, CULMINATION mean the highest point attained or attainable.
- SUMMIT implies the topmost level attainable at the summit of the Victorian social scene
- PEAK suggests the highest among other high points an artist working at the peak of her powers
- PINNACLE suggests a dizzying and often insecure height the pinnacle of worldly success
- CLIMAX implies the highest point in an ascending series the war was the climax to a series of hostile actions
- APEX implies the point where all ascending lines converge the apex of Dutch culture
- ACME implies a level of quality representing the perfection of a thing a statue that was once deemed the acme of beauty
- CULMINATION suggests the outcome of a growth or development representing an attained objective the culmination of years of effort
- Vertex
- Zenith
- <>: nadir
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Breach
- / briːtʆ /
- break
- (n.) infraction or violation of a law, obligation, tie, or standard
(n.) a: a broken, ruptured, or torn condition or area b: a gap (as in a wall) made by battering (n.) a: a break in accustomed friendly relations b: a temporary gap in continuity : HIATUS a leap especially of a whale out of water (v.) to make a breach in (v.) BREAK, VIOLATE - (n.) (對法律等的)破壞,違反;(對他人權利的)侵害，破裂;裂痕;缺口，中斷,中止，鬧翻,絕交，鯨魚翻躍
(v.) 衝破,突破;撕裂，破壞,違反;侵害 - They sued the company for breach of contract.
She wanted to help heal the breach between them. - <>: covenant (n. 之反義), solder (v. 之反義)
- covenant
- solder (/ˈsɑːdər /)
- (n.) a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces; 焊料,焊錫 something that unites 接合物,聯結因素
- (v.) to unite or make whole by solder 焊接 to bring into or restore to firm union 使聯接在一起
- breach : continuity = infinity : end (缺乏...)
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Bulwark
- / ˈbʊlwərk/
- a: a solid wall-like structure raised for defense : RAMPART b: BREAKWATER, SEAWALL
a strong support or protection the side of a ship above the upper deck (v.) to fortify or safeguard with a bulwark - (n.) 堡壘,壁壘;防波堤,堤岸;保障;(船的)舷牆 (v.) 築壘保衛;保護,使安全
- a bulwark against dictatorship
- bulwark : defend (功用目的)
Cache
- / kæʆ /
- a: a hiding place especially for concealing and preserving provisions or implements b: a secure place of storage
something hidden or stored in a cache (v.) to place, hide, or store in a cache - (n.) 貯藏所;隱藏處;隱藏的東西 (v.) 貯藏
- Police have found a cache of automatic weapons in a house in the city centre.
- cache : hidden = summit : unsurpassable (正面性質)
- summit
- TOP, APEX; especially: the highest point : PEAK (山等)尖峰,峰頂 the topmost level attainable 頂峰,絕頂
- the highest level of officials; especially: the diplomatic level of heads of government 最高官階;
a conference of highest-level officials (as heads of government) 最高級會議;高峰會 SUMMIT, PEAK, PINNACLE, CLIMAX, APEX, ACME, CULMINATION mean the highest point attained or attainable. - SUMMIT implies the topmost level attainable at the summit of the Victorian social scene
- PEAK suggests the highest among other high points an artist working at the peak of her powers
- PINNACLE suggests a dizzying and often insecure height the pinnacle of worldly success
- CLIMAX implies the highest point in an ascending series the war was the climax to a series of hostile actions
- APEX implies the point where all ascending lines converge the apex of Dutch culture
- ACME implies a level of quality representing the perfection of a thing a statue that was once deemed the acme of beauty
- CULMINATION suggests the outcome of a growth or development representing an attained objective the culmination of years of effort
- unsurpassable 無法超越的
surpass to become better, greater, or stronger than : EXCEED，to go beyond : OVERSTEP，to transcend the reach, capacity, or powers of 勝過;優於;大於;多於;超越
- purlieu <> an infrequented place
- purlieu (lieu: place，/ ˈpɜːljuː/)
- a frequently visited place : HAUNT 常逗留之地
- an outlying or adjacent district 邊遠區;鄰接區 ENVIRONS, NEIGHBORHOOD (常複數)郊區 CONFINES, BOUNDS (常複數)範圍
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Cleft
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Domicile
- / ˈdɒmɪsaɪl/
- domi: dome 屋頂 => 住宅
- a dwelling place : place of residence : HOME
a: a person's fixed, permanent, and principal home for legal purposes b: RESIDENCE (v.) to establish in or provide with a domicile - (n.) 住處;法定固定居處 (v.) 居住
- Military service entails frequent changes of domicile.
- nomad : domicile = vagabond : abode = freelancer : employer (人物反面性質) (左邊人物沒有固定的右邊東西)
- nomad (諾曼人，游牧民族 => 無定居) (亦可當 adj.)
- a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory 遊牧民
- an individual who roams about aimlessly 流浪者
- vagabond (vag: wander bond: 約束，/ ˈvægəbɒnd/)
- (adj.) moving from place to place without a fixed home : WANDERING 流浪的;漂泊的; of, relating to, or characteristic of a wanderer 流浪者的
- (adj.) leading an unsettled, irresponsible, or disreputable life 聲名狼藉的;浪蕩的;懶散的
- (n.) one leading a vagabond life; especially: TRAMP 流浪者;浪子;懶漢
- (v.) to wander in the manner of a vagabond : roam about 流浪
- abode (/əˈboʊd / ) a temporary stay : SOJOURN，the place where one abides : HOME 住所,住處
abide (/ əˈbaɪd/) - to wait for : AWAIT 等候
- a: to endure without yielding: WITHSTAND b: to bear patiently: TOLERATE 忍受,容忍
- to accept without objection 無反對接受
- (vi.) to remain stable or fixed in a state 持續 to continue in a place : SOJOURN 逗留,住
- freelancer (free) (不受雇於人的)自由工作者
- a person who acts independently without being affiliated with or authorized by an organization
- a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer
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Encroachment
- / ɪnˈkroʊtʆəmnt /
- en: into croach: cross => 跨越進去 =>侵入
- encroach (/ ɪnˈkroʊtʆ/) to enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of another (漸漸;偷偷地)侵入; to advance beyond the usual or proper limits 超出通常界限;
TRESPASS, ENCROACH, INFRINGE, INVADE mean to make inroads upon the property, territory, or rights of another. - 侵入,侵佔;超出界限
- foreign encroachment
- encroachment : possessions, territory = presumption : propriety = transgression : morality = infrigement : copyright, patent (GRE 4 逾越)
- possession (/ pəˈzeʆən /)
- the act of having or taking into control 擁有; control or occupancy of property without regard to ownership 佔有 OWNERSHIP 所有權
- something owned, occupied, or controlled : PROPERTY 所有物;財產
- domination by something (as an evil spirit, a passion, or an idea)，a psychological state in which an individual's normal personality is replaced by another 入迷著魔
- the fact or condition of being self-controlled 自制,鎮定自若
- presumption
- propriety
- transgression an act, process, or instance of transgressing: as infringement or violation of a law, command, or duty 違反;違法,罪過
transgress - to go beyond limits set or prescribed by: VIOLATE 違反,違背(規則、法律等) transgress divine law
- to pass beyond or go over (a limit or boundary) 侵犯,越過(限度、範圍等)
- infrigement
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Exodus
- / ˈeksədəs /
- exo: out (ex: exotic)
- a mass departure : EMIGRATION
- 大量移出
- A massive exodus of doctors is forcing the government to recruit from abroad.
- <>: influx, entrance
- influx (in，flux: flow，/ ˈɪnflʌks /) a coming in 大量湧入
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Facet
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Granary
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Mesa
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Mews
- / mjuːz /
- stables(有s，馬廄;牛棚) usually with living quarters built around a court
- 馬廄
- mews : horses (地方對象)
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Nadir
- / ˈneɪdɪər /
- the point of the celestial sphere that is directly opposite the zenith and vertically downward from the observer
the lowest point - 【天】天底;最低點;
- By 1932, the depression had reached its nadir.
- <>: summit, acme, apex, apogee
- summit
- TOP, APEX; especially: the highest point : PEAK (山等)尖峰,峰頂 the topmost level attainable 頂峰,絕頂
- the highest level of officials; especially: the diplomatic level of heads of government 最高官階;
a conference of highest-level officials (as heads of government) 最高級會議;高峰會 SUMMIT, PEAK, PINNACLE, CLIMAX, APEX, ACME, CULMINATION mean the highest point attained or attainable. - SUMMIT implies the topmost level attainable at the summit of the Victorian social scene
- PEAK suggests the highest among other high points an artist working at the peak of her powers
- PINNACLE suggests a dizzying and often insecure height the pinnacle of worldly success
- CLIMAX implies the highest point in an ascending series the war was the climax to a series of hostile actions
- APEX implies the point where all ascending lines converge the apex of Dutch culture
- ACME implies a level of quality representing the perfection of a thing a statue that was once deemed the acme of beauty
- CULMINATION suggests the outcome of a growth or development representing an attained objective the culmination of years of effort
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Nexus
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Pinnacle
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Podium
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Proximity
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Rostrum
- / ˈrɒstrəm/
- a stage for public speaking，a raised platform on a stage
- 演講臺,講壇
- rostrum : orator = bench : judge (人物座位)
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Tribunal
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Vertex
- / ˈvɜːteks/
- 髮漩
- the point opposite to and farthest from the base in a figure
a point (as of an angle, polygon, polyhedron, graph, or network) that terminates a line or curve or comprises the intersection of two or more lines or curves a point where an axis of an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola intersects the curve itself the top of the head a principal or highest point : SUMMIT - 頂點;頭頂;天頂;最高點
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Zenith
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Conifer
- /ˈkɑːnəfər /
- any of an order (Coniferales) of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs including forms (as pines) with true cones and others (as yews) with an arillate fruit
- 針葉樹,松柏科植物
- pine : conifer = mammal : animal (種類類比)
- pine (n.) 松樹;鳳梨
(v.) to lose vigor, health, or flesh (as through grief): LANGUISH 消瘦,衰弱,憔悴 to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable 渴望
- bark : conifer = epidermis : mammal (歸屬類比) (表皮名稱)
- bark
- epidermis (derm: skin (ex: dermatology 皮膚科)，/ ˌepəˈdɜːməs/)
- needle : pine = leaf : oak = frond : fern, palm (歸屬類比) (葉子名稱)
- needle 針狀葉 ， leaf 普通葉子 ， frond (/ frɒnd/) 蕨類葉;羊齒類葉
- fern 蕨,蕨類植物,羊齒植物 ， palm 棕櫚(樹)
- enamel : tooth = bark : tree (歸屬類比) (外層名稱)
- enamel (/ ɪˈnæməl /) (牙齒的)琺瑯質
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Fauna
- /ˈfɔːnɒː/
- animal life; especially: the animals characteristic of a region, period, or special environment
- 動物群;動物區系
- Geographically distant sites are characterized by very different faunas.
- fauna : animal = flora : plant (對象類比)
- flora plant or bacterial life; especially: such life characteristic of a region, period, or special environment 植物群(尤指某一地區或某一時期的植物群)
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Mirage
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Parasite
- / ˈpærəsaɪt /
- para: beside
- a person who exploits the hospitality(好客) of the rich and earns welcome by flattery
an organism living in, with, or on another organism in parasitism something that resembles a biological parasite in dependence on something else for existence or support without making a useful or adequate return PARASITE, SYCOPHANT, TOADY, LEECH, SPONGE mean a usually obsequious flatterer or self-seeker. - PARASITE applies to one who clings to a person of wealth, power, or influence or is useless to society a jet-setter with an entourage of parasites
- SYCOPHANT adds to this a strong suggestion of fawning, flattery, or adulation a powerful prince surrounded by sycophants
- TOADY emphasizes the servility and snobbery of the self-seeker cultivated leaders of society and became their toady
- LEECH stresses persistence in clinging to or bleeding another for one's own advantage a leech living off his family and friends
- SPONGE stresses the parasitic laziness, dependence, and opportunism of the cadger a shiftless sponge, always looking for a handout
- 食客;寄生生物;寄生蟲
- Most government employees had become parasites, expecting to retain their positions through friendship or political favor.
- host : parasite = medium : bacterium (養育關係)
- medium (/ ˈmiːdiəm /) a nutrient system for the artificial cultivation of cells or organisms and especially bacteria 培養基
- bacterium (/ bækˈtɪəriəm/) bacteria 的複數
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Qunitessence
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Serenity
- / səˈrenəti /
- the quality or state of being serene
serene (/ səˈriːn /) - a: clear and free of storms or unpleasant change 平靜的; serene skies b: shining bright and steady 晴朗的,無雲的;明亮的 the moon, serene in glory Alexander Pope
- AUGUST used as part of a title (大寫)尊貴的(用於對歐洲某些王室成員的尊稱) His Serene Highness
- marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude 安詳的;穩重的;寧靜的 a serene smile
CALM, TRANQUIL, SERENE, PLACID, PEACEFUL mean quiet and free from disturbance. - CALM often implies a contrast with a foregoing or nearby state of agitation or violence the protests ended, and the streets were calm again
- TRANQUIL suggests a very deep quietude or composure the tranquil beauty of a formal garden
- SERENE stresses an unclouded and lofty tranquillity watched the sunset of a serene summer's evening
- PLACID suggests an undisturbed appearance and often implies a degree of complacency remained placid despite the criticism
- PEACEFUL implies a state of repose in contrast with or following strife or turmoil grown peaceful in old age
- GRE 4 「寧靜」
- 晴朗,風和日麗;平靜,沈著;(大寫)尊貴的閣下(對歐洲某些王室成員的尊稱)
- The child's face was serene and beautiful.
- havoc, tumult <> serenity
- havoc (/ ˈhævək /) wide and general destruction : DEVASTATION 大破壞,浩劫 great confusion and disorder 大混亂 children can create havoc in a house
- tumult (tum: tumor => 混亂情緒迅速膨脹，/ ˈtjuːmʌlt/)
- a: disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually with uproar and confusion of voices: COMMOTION b: a turbulent uprising : RIOT 騷亂,騷動;混亂
- HUBBUB, DIN 吵鬧;喧譁
- a: violent agitation of mind or feelings b: a violent outburst (思想、情緒等的)波動,激動
- tumultuous <> serene, quiescent
- tumultuous (tum: tumor => 混亂情緒迅速膨脹/ tjuːˈmʌltʆuəs/)
marked by tumult 騷亂的,騷動的;混亂的 tending or disposed to cause or incite a tumult 引起騷動混亂的 marked by violent or overwhelming turbulence or upheaval 狂暴的,激烈的 tumult (tum: tumor => 混亂情緒迅速膨脹，/ ˈtjuːmʌlt/) - a: disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually with uproar and confusion of voices: COMMOTION b: a turbulent uprising : RIOT 騷亂,騷動;混亂
- HUBBUB, DIN 吵鬧;喧譁
- a: violent agitation of mind or feelings b: a violent outburst (思想、情緒等的)波動,激動
- discompose : placid = engage : tedious (反面性質)
- discompose to destroy the composure of，to disturb the order of 使不安;使煩惱
DISCOMPOSE, DISQUIET, DISTURB, PERTURB, AGITATE, UPSET, FLUSTER mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action. - DISCOMPOSE implies some degree of loss of self-control or self-confidence especially through emotional stress discomposed by the loss of his beloved wife
- DISQUIET suggests loss of sense of security or peace of mind the disquieting news of factories closing
- DISTURB implies interference with one's mental processes caused by worry, perplexity, or interruption the discrepancy in accounts disturbed me
- PERTURB implies deep disturbance of mind and emotions perturbed by her husband's strange behavior
- AGITATE suggests obvious external signs of nervous or emotional excitement in his agitated state we could see he was unable to work
- UPSET implies the disturbance of normal or habitual functioning by disappointment, distress, or grief the family's constant bickering upsets the youngest child
- FLUSTER suggests bewildered agitation his declaration of love completely flustered her
- composure a calmness or repose especially of mind, bearing, or appearance : SELF-POSSESSION 平靜,鎮靜,沈著
EQUANIMITY, COMPOSURE, SANGFROID mean evenness of mind under stress. - EQUANIMITY suggests a habit of mind that is only rarely disturbed under great strain accepted her troubles with equanimity
- COMPOSURE implies the controlling of emotional or mental agitation by an effort of will or as a matter of habit maintaining his composure even under hostile questioning
- SANGFROID implies great coolness and steadiness under strain handled the situation with professional sangfroid
- composed free from agitation: CALM; especially: SELF-POSSESSED 鎮靜的;沈著的
COOL, COMPOSED, COLLECTED, UNRUFFLED, IMPERTURBABLE, NONCHALANT mean free from agitation or excitement. - COOL may imply calmness, deliberateness, or dispassionateness kept a cool head
- COMPOSED implies freedom from agitation as a result of self-discipline or a sedate disposition the composed pianist gave a flawless concert
- COLLECTED implies a concentration of mind that eliminates distractions especially in moments of crisis the nurse stayed calm and collected
- UNRUFFLED suggests apparent serenity and poise in the face of setbacks or in the midst of excitement harried but unruffled
- IMPERTURBABLE implies coolness or assurance even under severe provocation the speaker remained imperturbable despite the heckling
- NONCHALANT stresses an easy coolness of manner or casualness that suggests indifference or unconcern a nonchalant driver
- engage
- to offer (as one's word) as security for a debt or cause 保證
- to attract and hold by influence or power 吸引; to interlock with : MESH; also: to cause (mechanical parts) to mesh 使緊密配合;使(齒輪等)嚙合
- to bind (as oneself) to do something; especially: to bind by a pledge to marry 使訂婚
- to provide occupation for : INVOLVE，to arrange to obtain the use or services of : HIRE 使從事,使忙於
- to hold the attention of : ENGROSS，to induce to participate 吸引;
- to enter into contest with 與...交戰,進攻
- to deal with especially at length
- tedious
- tumultuous : bedlam = active : hive (正面性質)
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Tranquility
- /træŋˈkwɪləti/
- qui: quiet
- the quality or state of being tranquil
tranquil (qui: quiet，/ ˈtræŋkwɪl /) free from agitation of mind or spirit，free from disturbance or turmoil 平靜的;安靜的;安寧的 unvarying in aspect : STEADY, STABLE 平穩的;穩定的 CALM, TRANQUIL, SERENE, PLACID, PEACEFUL mean quiet and free from disturbance. - CALM often implies a contrast with a foregoing or nearby state of agitation or violence the protests ended, and the streets were calm again
- TRANQUIL suggests a very deep quietude or composure the tranquil beauty of a formal garden
- SERENE stresses an unclouded and lofty tranquillity watched the sunset of a serene summer's evening
- PLACID suggests an undisturbed appearance and often implies a degree of complacency remained placid despite the criticism
- PEACEFUL implies a state of repose in contrast with or following strife or turmoil grown peaceful in old age
- GRE 4 「寧靜」
- 平靜;安靜;安寧;平穩;穩定
- the tranquillity of the Tuscan countryside
- <>:
- topsy-turvy (top，tur: turn => 上下顛倒 => 混亂，/ ˌtɒpsi ˈtɜːvi/)
- (adv.) in utter confusion or disorder 混亂地 with the top or head downward : UPSIDE DOWN 顛倒地
- (adj.) turned topsy-turvy : totally disordered 混亂的;顛倒的;
- (n.) the quality or state of being topsy-turvy 混亂;顛倒
- agitation 攪動;搖動;震動;激動;不安,煩亂;激動;不安,煩亂
agitate - to move with an irregular, rapid, or violent action 攪動(液體等);搖動 the storm agitated the sea
- to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of : DISTURB 使激動;使焦慮
- to discuss excitedly and earnestly，to stir up public discussion 激烈辯論(問題等)
DISCOMPOSE, DISQUIET, DISTURB, PERTURB, AGITATE, UPSET, FLUSTER mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action. - DISCOMPOSE implies some degree of loss of self-control or self-confidence especially through emotional stress discomposed by the loss of his beloved wife
- DISQUIET suggests loss of sense of security or peace of mind the disquieting news of factories closing
- DISTURB implies interference with one's mental processes caused by worry, perplexity, or interruption the discrepancy in accounts disturbed me
- PERTURB implies deep disturbance of mind and emotions perturbed by her husband's strange behavior
- AGITATE suggests obvious external signs of nervous or emotional excitement in his agitated state we could see he was unable to work
- UPSET implies the disturbance of normal or habitual functioning by disappointment, distress, or grief the family's constant bickering upsets the youngest child
- FLUSTER suggests bewildered agitation his declaration of love completely flustered her
- jitter plural: a sense of panic or extreme nervousness (複數)(極度的)緊張不安;恐慌 the state of mind or the movement of one that jitters 緊張不安的狀態
irregular random movement (as of a pointer or an image on a television screen); also: vibratory motion 不規則,隨機的動作 (v.) to be nervous or act in a nervous way 緊張不安 to make continuous fast repetitive movements 連續快速重複動作 jittery (/ ˈdʒɪtəri /) (adj.) suffering from the jitters，marked by jittering movements 緊張不安的;
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Tremor
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Verdigris
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Alloy
- / ˈælɔɪ/
- a substance composed of two or more metals or of a metal and a nonmetal intimately united usually by being fused together and dissolving in each other when molten;
also: the state of union of the components the degree of mixture with base metals : FINENESS a: an admixture that lessens value b: an impairing alien element a compound, mixture, or union of different things (v.) a: TEMPER, MODERATE b: to impair or debase by admixture (v.) to reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable metal (v.) to mix so as to form an alloy - (n.) 合金;(金屬的)成色;雜質,摻雜物;混合 (v.) 使和緩,降低;影響,損害;使(貴金屬)降低成色;摻雜質;使成合金
- Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
- amalgam an alloy of mercury with another metal 汞合金，a mixture of different elements 混合物
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Bauble
- /ˈbɒbəl/
- TRINKET，a fool's scepter，TRIFLE
- 小裝飾物;廉價首飾，丑角棒，小玩意兒;小玩具，沒價值的東西
- bauble : ornament = doggerel : poem (種類類比)
- frieze (/ friːz /)
- a sculptured or richly ornamented band (as on a building or piece of furniture) 【建】(柱的)中楣(大多加以雕刻);帶狀裝飾
- a heavy durable coarse wool and shoddy fabric with a rough surface 起絨粗呢
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Buttress
- / ˈbʌtrəs /
- a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building
something that supports or strengthens (v.) to furnish or shore up with a buttress; also: SUPPORT, STRENGTHEN - (n.)【建】拱壁;扶壁;支撐物 (v.) 用扶壁支撐;扶持
- The evidence seemed to buttress their argument.
- strut : wing = buttress : wall = bracket : shelf (對象關係) (支撐)
- strut a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length 支柱,支杆,支撐 a pompous step or walk 昂首闊步的步態 arrogant behavior: SWAGGER
- bracket
- an overhanging member that projects from a structure (as a wall) and is usually designed to support a vertical load or to strengthen an angle 托架,撐架;托座
- one of a pair of marks used in writing and printing to enclose matter or in mathematics and logic as signs of aggregation 方括弧;
- a section of a continuously numbered or graded series (as age ranges or income levels) 等級段
- (v.) to place within or as if within brackets 用括弧括 to eliminate from consideration 排除不考慮 to extend around so as to encompass : INCLUDE 圍住
- (v.) to furnish or fasten with brackets 給...裝托架;用托架固定
- (v.) to put in the same category or group 把...歸入同一類;將...相提並論
- bolster, truss, strut, buttress : support = tackle : hoist (目的關係)
- bolster
- truss (/ trʌs /) an iron band around a lower mast with an attachment by which a yard is secured to the mast 桁架,構架
- strut (/ strʌt /) a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length 支柱,支杆,支撐
- 以上名詞皆可借代為動詞當 support 之意
- tackle
- a set of the equipment used in a particular activity : GEAR 用具,裝備 fishing tackle
- an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling 滑車,滑車組 (tackle illustration)
- hoist (high) LIFT, RAISE; especially: to raise into position by or as if by means of tackle 用繩索,起重機等)吊起;提起;舉起;升起
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Chassis
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Cog
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Concomitant
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Condiment
- / ˈkɒndəmənt/
- something used to enhance the flavor of food; especially: a pungent seasoning
- (辛辣)調味品;佐料
- witticism : conversation = condiments : food (添加風味)(左邊給右邊添加風味)
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Detergent
- / dɪˈtɜːdʒənt/
- de: remove ter: 土地 -> 髒污 =>去除髒污
- a cleansing agent
- 洗潔劑,洗衣粉;去垢劑
- A Skin is waterproof and keeps harmful materials such as detergents and allergic compounds out, and water in.
- placebo : innocous = salve : unctuous (正面性質)
- placebo (please，/ pləˈsiːboʊ /)
- a medication prescribed more for the mental relief of the patient than for its actual effect on a disorder 寬心丸(心理效用的藥)
- an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance (as a drug) 實驗用無害惰性物質(以比較其他藥物效用)
- something tending to soothe 安慰劑
- innocous (in: not noc: harm，/ ɪˈnɒkjuəs/)
producing no injury : HARMLESS 無害的 not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID 不傷人的;不刺激的 - salve (/sæv /) (亦可當 v.)
an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or sores 軟膏,油膏,藥膏 a remedial or soothing influence or agency 緩解物;安慰(物);慰藉 - unctuous (unct: oil，/ ˈʌŋktʆuəs /)
- a: FATTY, OILY b: smooth and greasy in texture or appearance 油的;油膏的
- PLASTIC 滑順似油的 fine unctuous clay
- full of unction; especially: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality 油腔滑調的;甜言蜜語的
- antidote : poisoning = balm : irritation (目的對象) (消除...)
- antidote (anti: 藥物居多，/ ˈæntɪdoʊt /) a remedy to counteract the effects of poison 解毒藥,解毒劑 something that relieves, prevents, or counteracts 對抗手段,矯正方法
antibiotic (anti: 藥物居多，bio，/ ˌæntɪbaɪˈɒtɪk/) a substance produced by or a semisynthetic substance derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism 抗生素,抗菌素 - balm (/ bɑːm/)
- an aromatic(aro: air 芳香的) preparation(調劑) (as a healing ointment(軟膏)) 鎮痛軟膏
- any of several aromatic plants of the mint family; especially: LEMON BALM 薄荷一類有香味的植物
- a spicy aromatic odor 芳香,香味
- a soothing restorative agency 安慰(物),慰藉(物)
- irritation
- a: the act of irritating b: something that irritates c: the state of being irritated 激怒,惱怒,生氣;刺激物;惱人事
- a condition of irritability(過敏姓), soreness(疼痛), roughness(粗糙), or inflammation(發炎) of a bodily part 刺激;過敏;疼痛;發炎
- irritate to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in : ANNOY 使惱怒;使煩躁;刺激,使興奮
IRRITATE, EXASPERATE, NETTLE, PROVOKE, RILE, PEEVE mean to excite a feeling of anger or annoyance.
- filibuster : delay = anodyne : relieve (目的功用)
- filibuster (諧音: 費力把事拖，/ ˈfɪləbʌstər/)
- the use of extreme dilatory tactics in an attempt to delay or prevent action especially in a legislative assembly 以冗長的演說等手法進行阻撓議事的行動
- (v.) to carry out insurrectionist(造反叛亂) activities in a foreign country 造反叛亂
- anodyne (/ ˈænədaɪn /) something that soothes, calms, or comforts 緩和物 a drug that allays pain 止痛藥
- relieve
- a: to free from a burden: give aid or help to b: to set free from an obligation, condition, or restriction 緩和,減輕;解除
- to ease of a burden, wrong, or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition 緩和,減輕;解除
- a: to bring about the removal or alleviation of : MITIGATE 使寬慰,使放心 b: ROB, DEPRIVE 偷,竊去
- a: to release from a post, station, or duty 解除職務 b: to take the place of 接替
- to remove or lessen the monotony of 調劑,使不單調乏味
- a: to set off by contrast b: to raise in relief
- to discharge the bladder or bowels of (oneself) 方便(小解大解)
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Gauntlet
- /ˈgɒːntlət/
- gaune 法文的「手套」
- a glove worn with medieval armor to protect the hand
any of various protective gloves used especially in industry an open challenge (as to combat) used in phrases like throw down the gauntlet a dress glove extending above the wrist a double file of men facing each other and armed with clubs or other weapons with which to strike at an individual who is made to run between them a severe trial : ORDEAL - (中世紀武士用的)金屬護手,臂鎧;長手套;保護手套;
交叉火網;攻擊;(夾道鞭笞的)嚴厲刑罰 - The foreign secretary ran the gauntlet of demonstrators.
- gauntlet : hand = holster : pistol = scabbard : dagger (對象關係)(內裝物)
- pistol (/ ˈpɪstl /) a handgun whose chamber is integral with the barrel; broadly: HANDGUN 手槍
- scabbard (/ ˈskæbərd/) a sheath(鞘,護具) for a sword, dagger, or bayonet(刺刀) 鞘
- dagger a sharp pointed knife for stabbing 短劍,匕首
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holster
- /ˈhoʊlstər /
- a leather or fabric case for carrying a firearm on the person (as on the hip or chest), on a saddle, or in a vehicle
- 手槍皮套
- gauntlet : hand = holster : pistol = scabbard : dagger (對象關係)(內裝物)
- pistol (/ ˈpɪstl /) a handgun whose chamber is integral with the barrel; broadly: HANDGUN 手槍
- scabbard (/ ˈskæbərd/) a sheath(鞘,護具) for a sword, dagger, or bayonet(刺刀) 鞘
- dagger a sharp pointed knife for stabbing 短劍,匕首
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Impetus
- / ˈɪmpətəs /
- a(1): a driving force: IMPULSE (2): INCENTIVE, STIMULUS b: stimulation or encouragement resulting in increased activity
the property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its mass and its motion used of bodies moving suddenly or violently to indicate the origin and intensity of the motion - 推動,促進;推動力;刺激
衝力 - The report may provide further impetus for reform.
The discovery gave fresh impetus to the research.
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Incentive
- / ɪnˈsentɪv /
- something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action
MOTIVE, IMPULSE, INCENTIVE, INDUCEMENT, SPUR, GOAD mean a stimulus to action. - MOTIVE implies an emotion or desire operating on the will and causing it to act a motive for the crime
- IMPULSE suggests a driving power arising from personal temperament or constitution buying on impulse
- INCENTIVE applies to an external influence (as an expected reward) inciting to action a bonus was offered as an incentive
- INDUCEMENT suggests a motive prompted by the deliberate enticements or allurements of another offered a watch as an inducement to subscribe
- SPUR applies to a motive that stimulates the faculties or increases energy or ardor fear was a spur to action
- GOAD suggests a motive that keeps one going against one's will or desire thought insecurity a goad to worker efficiency
- 刺激;鼓勵;動機
- Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills.
a recycling drive backed with financial incentives - incentive : motivate (功用目的)
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Marrow
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Palette
- / ˈpælɪt /
- a thin oval or rectangular board or tablet that a painter holds and mixes pigments on
the set of colors put on the palette (1): a particular range, quality, or use of color (2): a comparable range, quality, or use of available elements especially in another art (as music) - 調色板;調色板上的顏料; (某畫或某畫家常用的)獨特色彩;獨特風格
- A very bright, transparent cool green, viridian has a place on many palettes.
- palette : color = repertoire : performance (對象類比)
- repertoire (/ˈrepətwɑːr/)
- a list or supply of dramas, operas, pieces, or parts that a company or person is prepared to perform 個人(或團體)的曲目(或戲目)
- a supply of skills, devices, or expedients，a list or supply of capabilities 某人(或機器)的技能(或功能)
- the complete list or supply of dramas, operas, or musical works available for performance 個人(或團體)的所有曲目(或戲目)
- the complete list or supply of skills, devices, or ingredients used in a particular field, occupation, or practice 某人(或機器)的全部技能(或功能)
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Stamina
- / ˈstæmɪnə /
- stamen: (/ ˈsteɪmən /) 雄蕊 (複數形就是 stamina)
- STAYING POWER, ENDURANCE
- 精力; 耐力; 韌勁
- Elaine has the stamina and the determination to succeed.
- stamina, endurance <> frailty
- endurance
- PERMANENCE, DURATION 持久(力);耐久(力
- the ability to withstand hardship or adversity; especially: the ability to sustain a prolonged stressful effort or activity 忍耐,耐久力
- the act or an instance of enduring or suffering 苦難,磨練
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Stein
- / staɪn /
- a large mug (as of earthenware) used especially for beer; also: the quantity of beer that a stein holds
- 啤酒杯;一啤酒杯的量
- stein : beer = snifter : brandy (對象類比) (不同酒杯裝不同酒)
- sinfter (/ ˈsnɪftər/) a short-stemmed goblet(高腳酒杯) with a bowl narrowing toward the top 狹口的酒杯 a small drink of distilled liquor 一口
- sniff to draw air audibly up the nose especially for smelling 嗅,聞 to show or express disdain or scorn 表現嗤之以鼻
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Trumpery
- / ˈtrʌmpəri /
- a: worthless nonsense b: trivial or useless articles: JUNK
- 中看不中用的東西,徒有其表的東西,廉價品,冒牌貨 (亦可當 adj.)
- trumpery : fake, deceive (?)
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Vellum
- / ˈveləm /
- a fine-grained unsplit lambskin(羊皮), kidskin(小山羊皮), or calfskin(小牛皮) prepared especially for writing on or for binding books
- 上等紙;羊皮紙;牛皮紙
- vellum, parchment, papyrus : paper (種類類比) (or 古代比現代)
- parchment (/ ˈpɑːrtʆmənt/)
- the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on 羊皮紙;
- strong, tough, and often somewhat translucent paper made to resemble parchment 仿羊皮紙
- a parchment manuscript; also: an academic diploma 羊皮紙文稿(或文件);學位證書
- papyrus (/ pəˈpaɪrəs /) 蘆葦
- the pith of the papyrus plant especially when cut in strips and pressed into a material to write on 紙莎草;紙莎草紙
- a: a writing on papyrus b: a written scroll made of papyrus (紙莎草紙上的)古代文獻
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Abeyance
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Atrophy
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Barrage
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Canker
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Cataclysm
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Catastrophe
- / kəˈtæstrəfi /
- the final event of the dramatic action especially of a tragedy
momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin a: a violent and sudden change in a feature of the earth b: a violent usually destructive natural event (as a supernova) utter failure : FIASCO - (悲劇或其他文學作品的)結局;大災,大禍,大災難;(突然且劇烈)翻天覆地的事件;大敗,慘敗
- The Black Sea is facing ecological catastrophe as a result of pollution.
If the contract is cancelled, it'll be a catastrophe for everyone concerned. - catastrophe : mishap, misfortune = humiliation : embarrassment (程度類比) (左邊大於右邊)
- mishap (/ ˈmɪshæp /) an unfortunate accident 不幸事故;災難
MISFORTUNE, MISCHANCE, ADVERSITY, MISHAP mean adverse fortune or an instance of this. - humiliation (hum: humble) 丟臉;羞辱;蒙羞
humiliate (hum: humble) to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes or others' eyes : MORTIFY 使蒙恥辱;羞辱;使丟臉
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Chasm
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Contusion
- / kənˈtjuːʒən/
- tu: beat
- injury to tissue usually without laceration(撕裂) : BRUISE
- 挫傷;淤青
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Default
- / dɪˈfɔːlt/
- failure to do something required by duty or law : NEGLECT
a failure to pay financial debts a: failure to appear at the required time in a legal proceeding b: failure to compete in or to finish an appointed contest a selection automatically used by a computer program in the absence of a choice made by the user (v.) to fail to fulfill a contract, agreement, or duty - (n.) 不履行,違約,拖欠，【律】缺席，不參加(比賽);(中途)棄權，【電腦】隱含值,系統默認值 (v.) 不履行,拖欠，不出場;不參加;不到案;棄權
- The company is in default on its loan agreement.
- default : pay = yield : resist (無法...)
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Defection
- / dɪˈfekɪʆən/
- perfection
- conscious abandonment of allegiance or duty (as to a person, cause, or doctrine) : DESERTION
- 背叛;脫黨;變節;不履行義務
- defection : loyalty (反義類比)
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Depravity
- / dɪˈprævəti /
- de: down 向下沈淪
- the quality or state of being depraved
a corrupt act or practice depraved marked by corruption or evil; especially: PERVERTED 墮落的;頹廢的;邪惡的 deprave to make bad : CORRUPT; especially: to corrupt morally 使墮落;使惡化 DEBASE, VITIATE, DEPRAVE, CORRUPT, DEBAUCH, PERVERT mean to cause deterioration or lowering in quality or character. - DEBASE implies a loss of position, worth, value, or dignity commercialism has debased the holiday
- VITIATE implies a destruction of purity, validity, or effectiveness by allowing entrance of a fault or defect a foreign policy vitiated by partisanship
- DEPRAVE implies moral deterioration by evil thoughts or influences the claim that society is depraved by pornography
- CORRUPT implies loss of soundness, purity, or integrity the belief that bureaucratese corrupts the language
- DEBAUCH implies a debasing through sensual indulgence the long stay on a tropical isle had debauched the ship's crew
- PERVERT implies a twisting or distorting from what is natural or normal perverted the original goals of the institute
- turpitude
- 墮落;邪惡
- a killer's depraved mind
- doldrums : energy = depravity : virtue (缺少類比)
- doldrums (dol: dull) a state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump 憂悶;意志消沈 (赤道)無風帶 The property market has been in the doldrums for months.
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Dilemma
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Dross
- / drɒs/
- the scum that forms on the surface of molten metal
waste or foreign matter : IMPURITY something that is base, trivial, or inferior - 浮渣;渣滓;雜質;廢物
- gold with impurities or dross
- dross : metal = chaff : grain (部分關係) (無用部分)
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Enigma
- / ɪˈnɪgmə /
- an obscure speech or writing
something hard to understand or explain an inscrutable or mysterious person MYSTERY, PROBLEM, ENIGMA, RIDDLE, PUZZLE mean something which baffles or perplexes. - MYSTERY applies to what cannot be fully understood by human reason or less strictly to whatever resists or defies explanation the mystery of the stone monoliths
- PROBLEM applies to any question or difficulty calling for a solution or causing concern the problems created by high technology
- ENIGMA applies to utterance or behavior that is very difficult to interpret his suicide was an enigma his family never understood
- RIDDLE suggests an enigma or problem involving paradox or apparent contradiction the riddle of the reclusive pop star
- PUZZLE applies to an enigma or problem that challenges ingenuity for its solution the mechanisms of heredity were long a puzzle for scientists
- GRE 2 個「謎」
- enigma
- conundrum (/ kəˈnʌndrəm /)
- a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun 雙關語的謎語
- a question or problem having only a conjectural answer 只有推測答案的問題
- an intricate and difficult problem 難題
- 謎;難以理解的事物;謎樣般的人
- The neighbours regarded him as something of an enigma.
- enigmatic <> broadly known, readily understood
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Fiasco
- / fiˈæskoʊ /
- a complete failure
- 完全失敗;可恥的失敗
- The first lecture I ever gave was a complete fiasco.
- <>: a noteable success, eclat
- eclat (/ eɪˈklɑː /) (fr.)
- ostentatious display : PUBLICITY
- dazzling effect : BRILLIANCE
- a: brilliant or conspicuous success 輝煌的成就; b: PRAISE, APPLAUSE 大聲喝采
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Foible
- / ˈfɔɪbəl /
- a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior : WEAKNESS
FAULT, FAILING, FRAILTY, FOIBLE, VICE mean an imperfection or weakness of character. - (性格上的)小缺點;怪癖;弱點
- We all have our little foibles.
- <>: forte (force) (/fɔːrt /) one's strong point 特長;專長;強項
- quibble : objection = foible : fault (程度類比) (左邊小於右邊)
- foible : failing = squabble : dispute = tiff : squabble (程度類比) (左邊小於右邊)
- failing a usually slight or insignificant defect in character, conduct, or ability 小缺點;小弱點 (同義字見上 foible 之同義字)
- squabble (/ ˈskwɒbəl/) a noisy altercation or quarrel usually over trifles 為瑣事爭吵,口角
- dispute
- (n.) a: verbal controversy: DEBATE b: QUARREL 爭論;爭執;爭端
- (v.) to engage in argument : DEBATE; especially: to argue irritably or with irritating persistence 爭論;爭執
- (v.) to call into question 對...提出質疑
- (v.) to struggle against : OPPOSE，to contend over 阻止,抵抗
- tiff (/ tɪf /) (n.) a petty quarrel 小爭執; (v.) to have a petty quarrel 小爭執
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Fluctuation
- / ˌflʌktʆuˈeɪʆən /
- fluctuate to shift back and forth uncertainly，to ebb(退潮) and flow(漲潮) in waves 波動,變動;動搖
SWING, SWAY, OSCILLATE, VIBRATE, FLUCTUATE, WAVER, UNDULATE mean to move from one direction to its opposite. - SWING implies a movement of something attached at one end or one side the door suddenly swung open
- SWAY implies a slow swinging or teetering movement trees swaying in the breeze
- OSCILLATE stresses a usually regular alternation of direction an oscillating fan
- VIBRATE suggests the rapid oscillation of an elastic body under stress or impact the vibrating strings of a piano
- FLUCTUATE suggests constant irregular changes of level, intensity, or value fluctuating interest rates
- WAVER stresses irregular motion suggestive of reeling or tottering the exhausted runner wavered before collapsing
- UNDULATE suggests a gentle wavelike motion an undulating sea of grass
- 波動;變動;動搖
- the fluctuation in interest rates
- pristine : decay = stable : fluctuation = still : movement (反面性質)
- pristine belonging to the earliest period or state: ORIGINAL 原始的 not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted (as by civilization): PURE 純樸的 fresh and clean as or as if new 清新的
- decay
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Holocaust
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Jeopardy
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Labyrinth
- / ˈlæbərɪnθ /
- a: a place constructed of or full of intricate passageways and blind alleys b: a maze (as in a garden) formed by paths separated by high hedges
something extremely complex or tortuous in structure, arrangement, or character: INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY a tortuous anatomical structure; especially: the internal ear or its bony or membranous part - 迷宮;花園以樹叢隔路的迷宮;(事物等的)錯綜複雜,曲折;【解】(內耳的)耳道
- Decisions are frequently delayed in the labyrinth of Whitehall committees.
- labyrinth : tortuous = ornament : decorative (正面性質)
- labyrinthine : simplicity = jejune : interest (反面性質)
- labyrinthine (/ ˌlæbəˈrɪnθən/) of, relating to, or resembling a labyrinth : INTRICATE, INVOLVED 迷宮(似)的;錯綜複雜的
- jejune (june: 六月 -> 乾燥 => 枯燥無味，/ dʒɪˈdʒuːn /)
lacking nutritive value 缺少營養的 devoid of significance or interest : DULL 枯燥無味的 JUVENILE, PUERILE 幼稚的 INSIPID, VAPID, FLAT, JEJUNE, BANAL, INANE mean devoid of qualities that make for spirit and character. - INSIPID implies a lack of sufficient taste or savor to please or interest an insipid romance with platitudes on every page
- VAPID suggests a lack of liveliness, force, or spirit an exciting story given a vapid treatment
- FLAT applies to things that have lost their sparkle or zest although well-regarded in its day, the novel now seems flat
- JEJUNE suggests a lack of rewarding or satisfying substance a jejune and gassy speech
- BANAL stresses the complete absence of freshness, novelty, or immediacy a banal tale of unrequited love
- INANE implies a lack of any significant or convincing quality an inane interpretation of the play
- threadbare, timeworn : novelty = labyrinthine : directness (反義類比)
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Paradox
- / ˈpærədɒks/
- para: beside dox: think
- a tenet(原則) contrary to received opinion
a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true a self-contradictory statement that at first seems true an argument that apparently derives self-contradictory conclusions by valid deduction from acceptable premises one that possesses seemingly contradictory qualities or phases - (與通常的見解對立的)逆說,悖論，似非而可能正確的議論，自相矛盾的議論，推出自相矛盾結論的論述，自相矛盾的人或事
- The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.
- paradox : contradictory = epigram : wise (正面性質)
- epigram (epi: upon gram: words (ex: telegram (tele: far away))，/ ˈepəgræm /) 警句,雋語;機智的短詩;諷刺短詩
- a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought
- a terse, sage, or witty and often paradoxical saying
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Paranoia
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Reprobation
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Tedium
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Thrall
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Opulence
- / ˈɒpjuləns/
- WEALTH, AFFLUENCE，ABUNDANCE, PROFUSION
- 財富;豐富
- Spartan <> opulent, voluptuous
- Spartan (/ ˈspɑːrtn/)
- of or relating to Sparta in ancient Greece 斯巴達人的
- marked by strict self-discipline or self-denial 斯巴達式的自律,克己
- marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort 斯巴達式的簡樸、節約、刻苦
- LACONIC 簡潔的;簡明的 undaunted by pain or danger 無懼痛苦危險的
- opulent (/ ˈɒpjulənt/) exhibiting or characterized by opulence: as
- having a large estate or property : WEALTHY 富裕的
- amply or plentifully provided or fashioned often to the point of ostentation(虛飾賣弄) 虛飾賣弄的
RICH, WEALTHY, AFFLUENT, OPULENT mean having goods, property, and money in abundance. - RICH implies having more than enough to gratify normal needs or desires became rich through shrewd investing
- WEALTHY stresses the possession of property and intrinsically valuable things wealthy landowners
- AFFLUENT suggests prosperity and an increasing wealth an affluent society
- OPULENT suggests lavish expenditure and display of great wealth, more often applying to things than people an opulent mansion
- voluptuous (/ vəˈlʌptʆuəs /)
- full of delight or pleasure to the senses : conducive to or arising from sensuous or sensual gratification : LUXURIOUS 滿足感官的;給人以快感的
- suggesting sensual pleasure by fullness and beauty of form 感官享受的
- given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications 縱情聲色的
SENSUOUS, SENSUAL, LUXURIOUS, VOLUPTUOUS mean relating to or providing pleasure through gratification of the senses. - SENSUOUS implies gratification of the senses for the sake of aesthetic pleasure the sensuous delights of great music
- SENSUAL tends to imply the gratification of the senses or the indulgence of the physical appetites as ends in themselves a life devoted to sensual pleasures
- LUXURIOUS suggests the providing of or indulgence of sensuous pleasure inducing bodily ease and languor a luxurious hotel
- VOLUPTUOUS implies more strongly an abandonment especially to sensual pleasure a voluptuous feast
- voluptuary (/ vəˈlʌptʆueri /) a person whose chief interests are luxury and the gratification of sensual appetites 沈迷於酒色的(人)
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Dearth
- / dɜːθ/
- dear: 珍貴 => 珍貴是因「少」 => 稀少
- scarcity that makes dear; specifically: FAMINE，an inadequate supply: LACK
paucity - 造成珍貴的稀少;缺乏,不足
- a dearth of job opportunities
- <>: glut, plethora, spate, copiousness (另有其他反義字見 paucity 之反義字)
- glut
- plethora (/ ˈpleθərə /)
- a bodily condition characterized by an excess of blood and marked by turgescence and a florid complexion 多血症 (<> anemia 貧血症)
- EXCESS, SUPERFLUITY; also: PROFUSION, ABUNDANCE 過多;過量 a plethora of suggestions
- spate (/ speɪt /) FRESHET, FLOOD 山洪;大水 a large number or amount 大量 a spate of books a sudden or strong outburst : RUSH 突然迸發,一陣 a spate of anger
- copiousness (copi: copy => 大量，/ ˈkoʊpiəsnɪs/) 豐裕;旺盛;大量
copious (/ ˈkoʊpiəs/)
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Frugality
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Paucity
- / ˈpɒːsəti/
- poor
- smallness of number: FEWNESS，smallness of quantity : DEARTH
- 少數;少量;缺乏
- a paucity of information
- <> slew, profusion (另有其他反義字見 dearth 之反義字)
- slew (/ sluː /) a large number 大量的 a slew of books
- profusion (fus: pour 倒 => 多到要倒掉，/ prəˈfjuːʒən /)
lavish expenditure : EXTRAVAGANCE 浪費 the quality or state of being profuse 充沛;豐富;慷慨 great quantity : lavish display or supply 大量 profuse pouring forth liberally : EXTRAVAGANT 毫不吝惜的,十分慷慨的 exhibiting great abundance : BOUNTIFUL 極其豐富的;充沛的;過多的 PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance. - PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
- LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
- PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
- LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
- LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
- EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination
- cornucopia <> pittance
- cornucopia (corn，copi: copy 大量 => 豐收，/ˌkɔːrnəˈkoʊpiə/) (cornucopia illustration)
- a curved goat's horn overflowing with fruit and ears of grain that is used as a decorative motif emblematic of abundance 裝滿花果及穀穗表豐饒的羊角狀物;
- an inexhaustible store: ABUNDANCE 豐盛充足
- pittance (pitt: 少，/ ˈpɪtəns /) a small portion, amount, or allowance; also: a meager(貧乏的) wage(薪水) or remuneration(酬勞) 少量的津貼;很少數量
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Ramification
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Schism
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Attrition
- / əˈtrɪʆən /
- trit: 磨擦 => 減損
- the act of rubbing together : FRICTION; also: the act of wearing or grinding down by friction
the act of weakening or exhausting by constant harassment, abuse, or attack a reduction in numbers usually as a result of resignation, retirement, or death - 摩擦;損耗;磨損;人原因離職退休死亡的減損
- Staff reductions could be achieved through attrition and early retirements.
- population : mortality = workforce : attrition (減少) (右邊減少左邊)
- mortality (/ mɔːrˈtæləti/)
- the quality or state of being mortal
- the death of large numbers (as of people or animals) 大量死亡
- the human race 人類
- the number of deaths in a given time or place 死亡數 the proportion of deaths to population 死亡率 the number lost or the rate of loss or failure 失敗次數;失敗率
- mortal
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Hierarchy
- / ˈhaɪrɑːrki/
- hier: heir 繼承人 arch: rule
- a ruling body of clergy organized into orders or ranks each subordinate to the one above it; especially: the bishops(主教) of a province or nation
a body of persons in authority the classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing; also: the group so classified a graded or ranked series - 等級制度;統治集團;級系,階系
- She worked her way up through the corporate hierarchy to become president.
- hierarchical <> egalitarian
- echelon : hierarchy = rung : ladder (部分類比)(左邊是右邊的一階)
- echelon (/ ˈeʆəlɒn)
- an arrangement of a body of troops with its units each somewhat to the left or right of the one in the rear like a series of steps 梯次編隊
- one of a series of levels or grades in an organization or field of activity 階層
- a group of individuals at a particular level or grade in an organization 某一階層群體
- rung (/ rʌŋ /)
- a rounded part placed as a crosspiece between the legs of a chair 椅腳之橫木 one of the crosspieces of a ladder 梯子之橫檔,梯級
- a spoke of a wheel 輪輻;舵輪之輻
- a level in a hierarchy 階級制度中的一級
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Hybrid
- / ˈhaɪbrɪd /
- hy: half brid: breed
- an offspring of two animals or plants of different races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera
a person whose background is a blend of two diverse cultures or traditions something heterogeneous in origin or composition : COMPOSITE something (as a power plant, vehicle, or electronic circuit) that has two different types of components performing essentially the same function - (動植物的)混血兒;混合源物;合成物;混合詞
- a hybrid of wheat and rye
- <>: of unmixed extraction
- extraction
- the act or process of extracting something 抽出;拔出;榨出 something extracted 取出物;選取;摘錄
- ANCESTRY, ORIGIN 血統;出身
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Medley
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Transition
- / trænˈzɪʆən/
- trans: cross it: go
- a: passage from one state, stage, subject, or place to another: CHANGE b: a movement, development, or evolution from one form, stage, or style to another
a: a musical modulation b: a musical passage leading from one section of a piece to another an abrupt change in energy state or level (as of an atomic nucleus or a molecule) usually accompanied by loss or gain of a single quantum of energy - 轉變,變遷;變革，【音】臨時轉調;轉調過渡段，過渡;過渡時期
- Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.
a society that is in transition (=changing) - transitory, transient <> enduring, lasting, protracted
- transitory (/ ˈtrænzɪtɔːri /) tending to pass away : not persistent 無常的 of brief duration : TEMPORARY 短暫的
TRANSIENT, TRANSITORY, EPHEMERAL, MOMENTARY, FUGITIVE, FLEETING, EVANESCENT mean lasting or staying only a short time. - transient (/ ˈtrænziənt/)
passing especially quickly into and out of existence : TRANSITORY 短暫的; passing through or by a place with only a brief stay or sojourn 暫住的 (同義字見上 transistory) affecting something or producing results beyond itself 影響及於他人的
- transience <> permanence
- transitory : endure = immutable : change (反面性質)
- opportune : convenience = impermanent : transience = convoluted : complexity = ephemeral : transience = transient : evanscence (正面性質)
- opportune (/ˌɑːpərˈtuːn /) suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence 恰好的,適宜的 occurring at an appropriate time 及時的,適時的
- convenience
- fitness or suitability for performing an action or fulfilling a requirement 合宜
- something (as an appliance, device, or service) conducive to comfort or ease 便利設施;方便的用具
- a suitable or convenient time 方便;合宜的時間
- freedom from discomfort : EASE 舒適,自在
- impermanent not permanent : TRANSIENT 不持久的;暫時的
- convoluted (/ ˈkɒnvəluːtɪd/) having convolutions 旋繞的;迴旋的 INVOLVED, INTRICATE 複雜的
convolute (/ ˈkɒnvəluːt/) TWIST, COIL 旋轉;迴旋 convolution (/ ˌkɒnvəˈluːʆən/) a form or shape that is folded in curved or tortuous windings 迴旋形狀 a complication or intricacy of form, design, or structure 迴旋 - ephemeral (/ ɪˈfemərəl /) lasting one day only 只維持一天的 lasting a very short time 短暫的 (同義字見上 transistory)
ephemra (蜉蝣，/ ɪˈfemərə /) something of no lasting significance - evanescent (vane: vanish，/ ˌevəˈnesənt/) tending to vanish like vapor 像蒸汽般消失的 (同義字見上 transistory)
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Vacillation
- / ˌvæsəˈleɪʆən /
- an act or instance of vacillating
inability to take a stand : IRRESOLUTION, INDECISION vacillate (/ ˈvæsəleɪt /) to sway through lack of equilibrium(quil: quiet) 搖擺 FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE 波動;變動 to waver in mind, will, or feeling : hesitate in choice of opinions or courses 動搖;猶豫;躊躇 HESITATE, WAVER, VACILLATE, FALTER mean to show irresolution or uncertainty. - HESITATE implies a pause before deciding or acting or choosing hesitated before answering the question
- WAVER implies hesitation after seeming to decide and so connotes weakness or a retreat wavered in his support of the rebels
- VACILLATE implies prolonged hesitation from inability to reach a firm decision vacillated until events were out of control
- FALTER implies a wavering or stumbling and often connotes nervousness, lack of courage, or outright fear never once faltered during her testimony
- 搖擺;波動;猶豫不決,躊躇
- Her parents vacillated between different approaches to discipline.
- vacillation, hesitance <> impetuosity
- hesitance (/ ˈhezətəns/，hesitancy) the quality or state of being hesitant: as a: INDECISION b: RELUCTANCE 遲疑;躊躇
hesitant (/ ˈhezətənt /) tending to hesitate 遲疑的;躊躇的 hesitate to hold back in doubt or indecision 猶疑 to delay momentarily : PAUSE 躊躇 STAMMER 說話吞吞吐吐 (同義字見上 vacillate) - impetuosity (/ ɪmˌpetʆuˈɒsəti/) the quality or state of being impetuous，an impetuous action or impulse 急躁;狂熱;衝動;衝力
impetuous marked by impulsive vehemence or passion 性急的,魯莽的;衝動的 marked by force and violence of movement or action 狂暴的,猛烈的;奔騰的 PRECIPITATE, HEADLONG, ABRUPT, IMPETUOUS, SUDDEN mean showing undue haste or unexpectedness. - PRECIPITATE stresses lack of due deliberation and implies prematureness of action the army's precipitate withdrawal
- HEADLONG stresses rashness and lack of forethought a headlong flight from arrest
- ABRUPT stresses curtness and a lack of warning or ceremony an abrupt refusal
- IMPETUOUS stresses extreme impatience or impulsiveness an impetuous lover proposing marriage
- SUDDEN stresses unexpectedness and sharpness or violence of action flew into a sudden rage
- vacillate <> equipoise (/ˈekwəpɔːɪs/) a state of equilibrium，COUNTERBALANCE 平衡;均勢;平靜;平衡力
equilibrium (quil: quiet，/ ˌiːkwəˈlɪbriəm /) - a: a state of intellectual or emotional balance: POISE (心情的)平靜 b: a state of adjustment between opposing or divergent influences or elements 平衡;均衡
- a state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static or dynamic 均衡;平衡
- vacillation <> pertinacity (per: 完全 tin, tain, ten: hold，/ˌpɜːtəˈnæstəi/) 執拗;頑固
- a: adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design b: perversely persistent
- stubbornly unyielding or tenacious
OBSTINATE, DOGGED, STUBBORN, PERTINACIOUS, MULISH mean fixed and unyielding in course or purpose. - OBSTINATE implies usually an unreasonable persistence an obstinate proponent of conspiracy theories
- DOGGED suggests an admirable often tenacious and unwavering persistence pursued the story with dogged perseverance
- STUBBORN implies sturdiness in resisting change which may or may not be admirable a person too stubborn to admit error
- PERTINACIOUS suggests an annoying or irksome persistence a pertinacious salesclerk refusing to take no for an answer
- MULISH implies a thoroughly unreasonable obstinacy a mulish determination to have his own way
- vacillating <> adamant (dam: daimond => 如鑽石堅硬般堅定，/ ˈædəmənt /)
- vacillate : uncertain = thank : grateful = apologize : contrite (正面性質)
- contrite (/ ˈkɒntraɪt) grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming 悔罪的;痛悔的 proceeding from contrition 表示悔罪的;因悔悟而起的
- bumptious : humbleness = impetuous : vacillation, hesitation (反面性質)
- bumptious presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive : OBTRUSIVE 自大的,傲慢的
- humbleness
- impetuous 見上反義字
- hesitation an act or instance of hesitating 躊躇,猶豫 a pausing or faltering in speech 含糊;口吃 (hesitate 見上反義字)
Vicissitude
- / vɪˈsɪsətjuːd/
- viciss: turn
- a: the quality or state of being changeable : MUTABILITY b: natural change or mutation visible in nature or in human affairs
a favorable or unfavorable event or situation that occurs by chance : a fluctuation of state or condition a difficulty or hardship attendant on a way of life, a career, or a course of action and usually beyond one's control alternating change : SUCCESSION - 可變性;世事變化; 變化無常;交替;循環
- Cranmer's reputation has suffered various vicissitudes.
- vicissitudinous <> unchanging, immutable
- vicissitudinous (/ vɪsɪsəˈtjuːdɪnəs/) marked by or filled with vicissitudes 曲折多變化的
- immutable not capable of or susceptible(易受影響的) to change 永遠不變的
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Word
- Pronunciation
- Prefix & Root
- Eng Def. (synonym)
- Chinese Def.
- Example sentence
- <>:
- Analogy (****)
- ......
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GRE_Vocabulary_Luxin_Noun3
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