回粉紅寶書目錄

Saunter Savor Shimmer Spawn Stanch Surmise Swathe Throttle Abase Abash Abhor Badger Baffle Balk Bate Bungle Cajole Cavil Censure Chastise Cleave Coerce Contemn Cower Curtail Daunt Demur Despise Despoil Disdain Disparage Doff Embroil Eschew Feign Fester Fetter Flaunt Flout Fluster Foment Fritter Gainsay Gibe Gloat Haggle Hamper Impair Impeach Infringe Impugn Indenture Inhibit Inveigle Jettison Lampoon Languish Loathe Meander Muddle Nettle Pander Parry Perturb Pillage Pinoin Pillory Pommel Profane Prorogue Quail Quibble Rant Ravage Relinquish Remonstrate Renounce Reprimand Revile Seethe Shackle Skimp Squander Stymie Sully Sunder Upbraid Thwart Toady Waive Wane Word

Saunter

• /ˈsɒːntər/
• to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner : STROLL
• 閒逛;漫步
• He came sauntering down the road with his hands in his pockets.
• prate : talk = saunter : walk = doodle : write = browse : read (種類類比)(雙動詞，一邊簡單、一邊複雜)
  • prate to talk long and idly : CHATTER 嘮叨地講;閒聊
  • doodle (n.) an aimless or casual scribble, design, or sketch 隨意亂寫亂畫的東西 (v.) to make a doodle (心不在焉地)亂畫
  • browse to look over casually : SKIM 隨便翻閱;隨意觀看

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Savor

• /ˈseɪvər/
• to give flavor to : SEASON

  to have experience of : TASTE

  to taste or smell with pleasure : RELISH

  to delight in : ENJOY

• 調味;品嚐;欣賞;品味享受
• He hesitated, savoring the moment.
• palatable : savory = discernible : manifest (~able，正面性質)
  • savory piquantly pleasant to the mind 令人愉快的;饒有趣味的 morally exemplary 品性優良的,可敬的;體面的

    pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of effective seasoning 美味可口的;芳香開胃的

  • manifest (/ ˈmænəfest / ) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane) (飛機的船的)乘客名單;貨單

    readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight，easily understood or recognized by the mind : OBVIOUS 顯然的,明白的,清楚的

    EVIDENT, MANIFEST, PATENT, DISTINCT, OBVIOUS, APPARENT, PLAIN, CLEAR mean readily perceived or apprehended.

• savory : taste = melodious : hear = fragrant : smell, odor (正面性質)(五官感覺對應)
  • melodious (melody，/ məˈloʊdiəs/) having a pleasing melody 旋律優美的,悅耳動聽的
  • fragrant (/ ˈfreɪgrənt /) having sweet or delicate odor 香的,芳香的

    ODOROUS, FRAGRANT, REDOLENT, AROMATIC mean emitting and diffusing scent.

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Shimmer

• / ˈʆɪmər/
• shine，mm: fuzzy
• to shine with a soft tremulous or fitful light : GLIMMER

  to reflect a wavering sometimes distorted visual image

  FLASH, GLEAM, GLINT, SPARKLE, GLITTER, GLISTEN, GLIMMER, SHIMMER mean to send forth light.

• 發微光,閃光，閃爍
• The lake shimmered in the moonlight.

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Spawn

• / spɔːn/
• expand
• (n.) the eggs of aquatic animals (as fishes or oysters) that lay many small eggs

  (v.) to deposit spawn

  (v.) BRING FORTH, GENERATE

• (n.) (魚等的)卵;幼苗 (v.) 產(卵);生育;大量產生;造成,釀成
• New technology has spawned new business opportunities.

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Stanch

• / stɑːntʆ/
• stand
• to check or stop the flowing of; also: to stop the flow of blood from (a wound)

  to make watertight: stop up

• 使不漏;使不流失;制止;使(傷口)止血;止(血)
• He used a rag to stanch the flow of blood.
• stanch : flow = damp : vibration (減少、抑止)
  • damp
    • (n.) a noxious gas (礦井)瓦斯;有毒氣體
    • (n.) MOISTURE: HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS 濕氣,潮濕
    • (n.) DISCOURAGEMENT, CHECK 消沈,沮喪,勸阻
    • (v.) to affect with or as if with a noxious gas : CHOKE 使嗆噎
    • (v.) to diminish the activity or intensity of 使沮喪;抑制;降低 damping down the causes of inflation，liquid damps out compass oscillations
    • (v.) to check the vibration or oscillation of (as a string or voltage) 使減幅;減少波動
    • (a.) slightly or moderately wet : MOIST; also: HUMID 有濕氣的;潮濕的

      WET, DAMP, DANK, MOIST, HUMID mean covered or more or less soaked with liquid.

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Surmise

• / sərˈmaɪz/
• (n.) a thought or idea based on scanty evidence : CONJECTURE

  (v.)to imagine or infer on slight grounds(根據,理由)

• (n.)(v.) 推測;猜測,臆測
• When he came in, he didn't look up, so she surmised that he was in a bad mood.
• conjecture <> refrain from speculation or guess
  • conjecture
    • (n.) inference from defective or presumptive evidence 由不完全或預設的證據推斷
    • (n.) a conclusion deduced by surmise or guesswork 推測歸結的結果
    • (n.) a proposition (as in mathematics) before it has been proved or disproved 證明前的假定
    • (v.) to arrive at by conjecture 推測歸結
  • refrain
    • (n.) a regularly recurring phrase or verse especially at the end of each stanza or division of a poem or song : CHORUS; also : the musical setting of a refrain (詩歌或樂曲的)疊句
    • (v.) to keep oneself from doing, feeling, or indulging in something and especially from following a passing impulse 忍住;抑制,節制;戒除
  • speculation an act or instance of speculating: as a: assumption of unusual business risk in hopes of obtaining commensurate gain b: a transaction involving such speculation 推測

    speculate

    • a: to meditate on or ponder a subject : REFLECT 思索;沈思 b: to review something idly or casually and often inconclusively 重新探討
    • to assume a business risk in hope of gain; especially: to buy or sell in expectation of profiting from market fluctuations 投機;做投機買賣
    • to take to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence : THEORIZE 推測,推斷
    • to be curious or doubtful about : WONDER 想知道

      THINK, COGITATE, REFLECT, REASON, SPECULATE, DELIBERATE mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference.

• claim : legitimated = hypothesis : confirmed (對象類比)(將 -ed 轉為 動詞 看待)
  • claim a right to something; specifically : a title to a debt, privilege, or other thing in the possession of another (對某事物的)權利;要求權;所有權
  • legitimate to give legal status or authorization to，to show or affirm to be justified 使合法;宣佈...為合法;證明...有理(或正當)

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Swathe

• /swɑːð/
• wrap
• to bind, wrap, or swaddle with or as if with a bandage

  ENVELOP

• 包紮;包裹
• The moon was swathed in mist.

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Throttle

• / ˈθrɒtl/
• throat
• (n.) a valve for regulating the supply of a fluid (as steam) to an engine;

  especially: the valve controlling the volume of vaporized fuel charge delivered to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine

  a(1) : to compress the throat of : CHOKE (2): to kill by such action b: to prevent or check expression or activity of : SUPPRESS

  a: to decrease the flow of (as steam or fuel to an engine) by a valve b: to regulate and especially to reduce the speed of (as an engine) by such means

• (n.) 節流閥;節流圈;油門;風門

  掐住...的脖子,掐死;使窒息

  扼殺,壓制

  使節流,調節;使減速

• policies which are throttling many Asian economies

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Abase

• / əˈbeɪs /
• to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem
• 使降低地位(或身分等)
• The members of the Political Executive Committee abased themselves once more.
• abase : prestige = debase : value = assuage : grief = truncate(curtail) : duration (降低對象類比)
  • prestige standing or estimation in the eyes of people : weight or credit in general opinion 名望,聲望,威望
  • debase to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character, to reduce the exchange value of (a monetary unit) 降低(品質、價值等);貶低(人格);使(貨幣)貶值

    DEBASE, VITIATE, DEPRAVE, CORRUPT, DEBAUCH, PERVERT mean to cause deterioration or lowering in quality or character.

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Abash

• / əˈbæʆ/
• to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of : DISCONCERT

  EMBARRASS, DISCOMFIT, ABASH, DISCONCERT, RATTLE mean to distress by confusing or confounding.

  • DISCOMFIT to frustrate the plans of : THWART 破壞;擾亂(計劃);挫敗 to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment : DISCONCERT 使為難
  • DISCONCERT to throw into confusion 使困窘 to disturb the composure of 使倉皇失措
  • blush to become red in the face especially from shame, modesty, or confusion (因害羞,尷尬等而)臉紅 to feel shame or embarrassment 感到慚愧 to have a rosy or fresh color: BLOOM 變成紅色
• 使不安;使羞愧;使窘迫
• He looked abashed, uncomfortable.
• abash <> conciliate, propitiate, mollify, appease, embolden
  • embolden (em-: make bold: 大膽的) to instill with boldness or courage 使大膽;使有勇氣
• unabashed <> blushed, discomfited, disconcerted
  • unabashed not abashed : UNDISGUISED, UNAPOLOGETIC 不害羞的;滿不在乎的;厚臉皮的
• discomfited : blush = contemptuous : sneer (正面性質)(右邊動詞具有左邊形容詞之性質)
  • contemptuous (contempt: 輕視，/ kənˈtemptʆuəs /) manifesting, feeling, or expressing contempt 表示輕蔑的;瞧不起的,藐視的
  • sneer to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt 輕蔑地笑;冷笑 to speak or write in a scornfully jeering manner 嘲笑,譏諷

    SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery.

• unabashed : embarrassment = unheralded : announcement (反面性質)(右邊名詞與左邊形容詞性質相反)
  • unheralded (/ ʌnˈherəldɪd /) if an event is unheralded, there is no warning that it is going to happen 未事先宣佈的; not known about or recognized as good 匿名的;未被承認的

    herald

    • (v.) to give notice of : ANNOUNCE 宣佈,通報 to signal the approach of : FORESHADOW 預示...的來臨 to greet especially with enthusiasm : HAIL 招呼致意
    • (n.) an official crier or messenger 報信者,使者
    • (n.) a: one that precedes or foreshadows b: one that conveys news or proclaims : ANNOUNCER c: one who actively promotes or advocates : EXPONENT 預報者,宣告者,倡導者

      FORERUNNER, PRECURSOR, HARBINGER, HERALD mean one that goes before or announces the coming of another.

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Abhor

• /əbˈhɔːr/
• ab-: away hor: horror 恐懼而想脫離 => 厭惡
• to regard with extreme repugnance : LOATHE

  HATE, DETEST, ABHOR, ABOMINATE, LOATHE mean to feel strong aversion or intense dislike for.

• 厭惡;憎惡
• I abhor discrimination of any kind.
• <>: greatly admire
• abhorrence : dislike = adoration : fondness (程度類比)(左邊大於右邊)
  • adoration the act of adoring : the state of being adored 崇拜,敬愛;傾慕

    adore to worship or honor as a deity or as divine，to regard with loving admiration and devotion，to be extremely fond of 崇拜,崇敬;敬重，愛慕,熱愛，極喜歡

  • fondness tender affection 喜愛;鍾愛 APPETITE, RELISH 愛好
• abhor : dislike = reprove : criticize (程度類比)(左邊大於右邊)
  • reprove (re: back prove: approve) to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent，to express disapproval of: CENSURE 責備,指責,非難

    REPROVE, REBUKE, REPRIMAND, ADMONISH, REPROACH, CHIDE mean to criticize adversely.

    • REPROVE (re: back prove: approve) to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent 責備,指責,非難
    • REBUKE to criticize sharply : REPRIMAND 指責,非難;訓斥
    • REPROACH to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment 責備;斥責 to bring into discredit 使蒙恥

      irreproachable not reproachable : BLAMELESS, IMPECCABLE 無可非議的

    • CHIDE (child) to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD 責備;責怪;責罵

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Badger

• / ˈbædʒər/
• (n.) any of various burrowing mammals (especially Taxidea taxus and Meles meles) that are related to the weasels and are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere

  (v.) to harass or annoy persistently

  BAIT, BADGER, HECKLE, HECTOR, CHIVY, HOUND mean to harass by efforts to break down.

• (n.) 獾，獾州人(美國威斯康辛州人的別稱) (v.) 困擾;糾纏
• She badgered me for weeks until I finally gave in.
• badger : bother = persecute : injure (種類類比)
  • persecute (sec: seq => follow，/ ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/)
    • to harass in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or afflict; specifically : to cause to suffer because of belief 迫害,殘害
    • to annoy with persistent or urgent approaches (as attacks, pleas, or importunities) : PESTER 困擾,為難

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Baffle

• / ˈbæfəl /
• ff 兩相同子音有「模糊」之意
• (n.) a device (as a plate, wall, or screen) to deflect, check, or regulate flow (as of a fluid, light, or sound)

  (v.) to defeat or check (as a person) by confusing or puzzling : DISCONCERT

  (v.) to check or break the force or flow of by or as if by a baffle

  FRUSTRATE, THWART, FOIL, BAFFLE, BALK mean to check or defeat another's plan or block achievement of a goal.

  • stymie
• (n.) 擋板;隔板;緩衝板 (v.) 使受挫折,阻撓;使困惑,難住，阻礙,阻擋
• The question baffled me completely.
• <>: abet

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Balk

• /bɔːlk/
• block
• to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle : BLOCK

  to stop short and refuse to proceed

  FRUSTRATE, THWART, FOIL, BAFFLE, BALK mean to check or defeat another's plan or block achievement of a goal.

  • stymie
• 阻礙,阻止;妨礙，突然止步不前
• Many people would balk at setting up a new business during a recession.
• balk <> move ahead willingly, abet
• balky <> acquiescent, tractable
  • balky refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expected 拒絕進行,運作的 a balky mule

    CONTRARY, PERVERSE, RESTIVE, BALKY, WAYWARD mean inclined to resist authority or control.

  • acquiescent (quie: quiet，/ ˌækwiˈesənt/) inclined to acquiesce 默認的;默默順從的,甘心接受的

    acquiesce (quie: quiet，/ ˌækwiˈes /) to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively 默認;默許;默從

    ASSENT, CONSENT, ACCEDE, ACQUIESCE, AGREE, SUBSCRIBE mean to concur with what has been proposed.

  • tractable (tract: pull) capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled: DOCILE，easily handled, managed, or wrought: MALLEABLE 馴良的;易處理的

    OBEDIENT, DOCILE, TRACTABLE, AMENABLE mean submissive to the will of another.

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Bate

• /beɪt/
• to reduce the force or intensity of : RESTRAIN

  to take away : DEDUCT

  to lower especially in amount or estimation

• 減少;緩和
• abate : tax = debase : value = assuage : greif (降低類比)

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Bungle

• / ˈbʌŋgəl /
• to act or work clumsily and awkwardly

  MISHANDLE, BOTCH

• 笨手笨腳地做;把工作搞糟
• The whole police operation was bungled.
• <>: bring off to carry to a successful conclusion : ACHIEVE, ACCOMPLISH 經營成功
• 可能比上 work (種類類比)、clumsy (正面性質)

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Cajole

• / kəˈdʒoʊl/
• to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance : COAX

  to deceive with soothing words or false promises

• 勾引;誘騙;哄勸
• Aid workers do their best to cajole rich countries into helping.
• blandishment : cajole, coax = obstacle : impede = medal : honor = prevarication : deceive (目的功用)
  • coax
    • to influence or gently urge by caressing or flattering : WHEEDLE 用好話勸,哄誘 We had to coax Alan into going to school.
    • to draw, gain, or persuade by means of gentle urging or flattery 哄得,誘得
    • to manipulate with great perseverance and usually with considerable effort toward a desired state or activity 耐心地處理,慢慢將...弄好
  • obstacle something that impedes progress or achievement 障礙(物);妨礙 Fear of change is an obstacle to progress.
  • impede to interfere with or slow the progress of 妨礙,阻礙;阻止 Storms at sea impeded our progress.

    HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of.

• wheedle : cajolery = extort : coercion = humiliate : mortification (同義類比)(將右邊名詞轉為動詞看)
  • wheedle to influence or entice by soft words or flattery 用甜言蜜語哄騙
  • extort to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or illegal power: WRING; also: to gain especially by ingenuity or compelling argument 脅迫勒索
  • humiliate (hum: humble) to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes or others' eyes : MORTIFY 使蒙恥辱;羞辱;使丟臉
  • mortification a sense of humiliation and shame caused by something that wounds one's pride or self-respect 屈辱;羞愧;失面子

    mortify

    • to subdue or deaden (as the body or bodily appetites) especially by abstinence or self-inflicted pain or discomfort 克制(情慾等),抑制
    • to subject to severe and vexing embarrassment : SHAME 使感屈辱;使失面子;使羞愧

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Cavil

• / ˈkævəl /
• to raise trivial and frivolous objection
• 吹毛求疵;無端指摘
• They cavilled at our calculations.
• cavil : object = carp : complain = nitpick : criticize (種類類比)
  • object to oppose something firmly and usually with words or arguments 反對
  • nitpick (nit: 卵，pick) to engage in minute and usually unjustified criticism 挑剔;吹毛求疵
• caviler : carping = libertine : licentious (人物性質)
  • libertine (libter: liberty，/ ˈlɪbərtiːn/) a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality; specifically: one leading a dissolute life 放蕩者;玩樂者
  • licentious (/ laɪˈsenʆəs /) lacking legal or moral restraints; 放蕩的;不道德的
• quibbler : cavil = encomiast : eulogize = faultfinder : criticize = nitpicker : criticize = preacher : sermon (人物動作)
  • encomiast (/ɪnˈkomɪæst/) one that praises : EULOGIST 宣讀或寫作頌辭之人;讚美者
  • eulogize (eu: beautiful log: speak，/ˈjuːlədʒaɪz/) to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL 頌揚
  • faultfinder one given to faultfinding 吹毛求疵者

    faultfinding petty, nagging, or unreasonable criticism 挑剔,吹毛求疵

  • preacher one who delivers a sermon 說教者;傳教士 one who urges acceptance or abandonment of an idea or course of action; 鼓吹者

    preach 佈道;鼓吹

  • sermon (/ ˈsɜːmən/) a religious discourse delivered in public usually by a clergyman as a part of a worship service 佈道,說教

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Censure

• / ˈsenʆər/
• (n.) a judgment involving condemnation，the act of blaming or condemning sternly，an official reprimand

  (v.) to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy

  CRITICIZE, REPREHEND, CENSURE, REPROBATE, CONDEMN, DENOUNCE mean to find fault with openly.

  GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀都在 extol 之反義字

• (n.)(v.) 責備;譴責
• He was officially censured for his handling of the situation.
• exonerate <> inculpate, incriminate, censure
  • exonerate (/ ɪgˈzɒnəreɪt) to relieve of a responsibility, obligation, or hardship 使免受指控 to clear from accusation or blame 證明...無罪

    EXCULPATE, ABSOLVE, EXONERATE, ACQUIT, VINDICATE mean to free from a charge.

  • inculpate (<> exculpate，/ˈɪnkʌlˌpeɪt/) INCRIMINATE 控告
  • incriminate (crim: crime) to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or fault 控告
• censure : blameless = approbation : reprehensible (反面性質)
  • blameless a state of not being blameworthy 無可責備的;無過失的;清白無疵的
  • approbation (approve) an act of approving formally or officially，COMMENDATION, PRAISE 許可,認可,核准;讚許
  • reprehensible worthy of or deserving reprehension : CULPABLE 應該指摘的

    reprehend to voice disapproval of: CENSURE 申斥;指摘

• jeer : derision = reprimand : censure (同義類比)(將右邊名詞轉為動詞看)
  • jeer to speak or cry out with derision or mockery 嘲笑,嘲弄

    SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery.

  • derision (/ dɪˈrɪʒən /) the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt 嘲笑;嘲弄;被嘲笑;受嘲弄;嘲笑的對象,笑柄
• reprove : reprimand = blame : censure (同義類比)
• remonstrance : dissuade = reprehension : censure (目的功用)
  • dissuade to advise (a person) against something 勸(某人)勿做某事,勸阻 a campaign to dissuade young people from smoking
• despicable : contempt = reprehensible : censure = lamentable : pity (~able 類比，正面性質)
  • contempt the act of despising, lack of respect or reverence for something 輕視,蔑視 The report shows utter contempt for women's judgement.
  • lamentable (/ləˈmentəbəl /) that is to be regretted or lamented : DEPLORABLE 可悲的;令人惋惜的 expressing grief : MOURNFUL 表現悲哀的,哀傷的

    lament (/ ləˈment /) to express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively : MOURN 哀悼,為...悲痛;痛惜 to regret strongly 悲嘆;悔恨

    DEPLORE, LAMENT, BEWAIL, BEMOAN mean to express grief or sorrow for something.

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Chastise

• / tʆæˈstaɪz /
• chaste: 貞潔的
• to inflict punishment on (as by whipping)

  to censure severely: CASTIGATE

  PUNISH, CHASTISE, CASTIGATE, CHASTEN, DISCIPLINE, CORRECT mean to inflict a penalty on in requital for wrongdoing.

• 懲戒,責罰;鞭打;申斥,責罵;【古】使純潔;洗鍊(文體)
• Coleman chastised the board for not taking action sooner.

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Cleave

• / kliːv /
• to divide by or as if by a cutting blow : SPLIT

  to separate into distinct parts and especially into groups having divergent views

  to penetrate or pass through something by or as if by cutting

  TEAR, RIP, REND, SPLIT, CLEAVE, RIVE mean to separate forcibly.

• 砍開,劈開，使分裂,使分開，披荊斬棘地前進,破浪前進
• the racial problems that still cleave American society
• cleft : chasm = cut : gash (程度類比)(左邊小於右邊)
  • cut (當名詞) wound made by something sharp : GASH 傷口;刻痕
  • gash a deep long cut in flesh 深長的切口(或傷口) a deep narrow depression or cut 狹長的窪地;(地面上的)裂縫

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Coerce

• /ˈkoʊɜːrs /
• to restrain or dominate by force

  to compel to an act or choice

  to bring about by force or threat

  FORCE, COMPEL, COERCE, CONSTRAIN, OBLIGE mean to make someone or something yield.

• 強制;迫使
• The rebels coerced the villagers into hiding them from the army.
• wheedle : cajolery = extort : coercion (同義類比)
  • wheedle to influence or entice by soft words or flattery 用甜言蜜語哄騙
  • extort to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or illegal power: WRING; also: to gain especially by ingenuity or compelling argument 脅迫勒索

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Contemn

• / kənˈtem/
• contempt
• to view or treat with contempt : SCORN

  DESPISE, CONTEMN, SCORN, DISDAIN mean to regard as unworthy of one's notice or consideration.

  GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀，請見 extol 之反義字

• 侮辱;蔑視

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Cower

• / ˈkaʊər/
• cowerd (n.)
• to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from something that menaces, domineers, or dismays

  FAWN, TOADY, TRUCKLE, CRINGE, COWER mean to behave abjectly before a superior.

  quail, daunt

• 抖縮;蜷縮;畏縮
• He cowered against the wall.
• cower <> brazenly confront, bristle
  • confront to face especially in challenge : OPPOSE 勇敢地面對;正視;對抗
  • bristle (/ ˈbrɪsəl /)
    • (n.) a short stiff coarse hair or filament 短而硬的毛
    • (v.) to furnish with bristles，to be full of something specified 密密覆蓋;充滿
    • (v.) to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance (as in response to a slight) 準備格鬥
    • (v.) to rise and stand stiffly erect，b: to raise the bristles (as in anger) (毛髮等)直立,倒豎;發怒;
• cowed <> undaunted
• pluck <> cowardice
  • pluck
    • (v.) to pull or pick off or out 採,摘,拔 pluck one's eyebrows
    • (v.) to move, remove, or separate forcibly or abruptly 用力、突然拔 plucked the child from the middle of the street
    • (v.) to play by sounding the strings with the fingers or a pick 撥;彈
    • (n.) an act or instance of plucking or pulling (一)拉;(一)撥;(一)扯
    • (n.) the heart, liver, lungs, and trachea of a slaughtered animal especially as an item of food (動物的)內臟
    • (n.) courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds : dogged resolution 勇氣,意志
  • cowardice (/ ˈkaʊərdɪs/) lack of courage or resolution 膽小,卑怯,懦弱
• fear : cower = anger : rant (引起類比)
• coward : craven = dupe : gullible (人物性質)
  • dupe (n.) one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL 容易受騙的人;容易被愚弄的人 (v.) to make a dupe of 欺騙,詐騙,愚弄

    DUPE, GULL, TRICK, HOAX mean to deceive by underhanded means.

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Curtail

• / kɜːˈteɪl/
• tail
• to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some part

  SHORTEN, CURTAIL, ABBREVIATE, ABRIDGE, RETRENCH mean to reduce in extent.

• 縮減,削減;縮短,省
• Budget cuts have drastically curtailed training programs.
• <>: EXTEND, LENGTHEN, PROLONG, PROTRACT mean to draw out or add to so as to increase in length.
  • elongate (long) to extend the length of 拉長;伸長;延長
  • protract (tract) to prolong in time or space : CONTINUE 延長,拖延
  • prolong (long) to lengthen in time : CONTINUE 延長,;拖延 to lengthen in extent, scope, or range 拉長
• abase : prestige = assuage : grief = truncate(curtail) : duration (降低對象類比)
  • prestige standing or estimation in the eyes of people : weight or credit in general opinion 名望,聲望,威望

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Daunt

• /dɒːnt /
• to lessen the courage of : COW, SUBDUE

  DISMAY, APPALL, HORRIFY, DAUNT mean to unnerve or deter by arousing fear, apprehension, or aversion.

  • cower
• 使氣餒,使畏縮
• Don't be daunted by all the technology.
• daunt <> make resolute, embolden
  • make resolute marked by firm determination : RESOLVED,BOLD, STEADY 堅決的,堅定的,果敢的;不屈不撓的

    FAITHFUL, LOYAL, CONSTANT, STAUNCH, STEADFAST, RESOLUTE mean firm in adherence to whatever one owes allegiance.

  • embolden (em-: make bold: 大膽的) to instill with boldness or courage 使大膽;使有勇氣
• dauntless, undaunted <> easily discourgaed, pusillanimous, craven, cowed
  • undaunted courageously resolute especially in the face of danger or difficulty : not discouraged 嚇不倒的,無畏的,勇敢的
• dauntless : trepidation = footloose : attachment = unversed : familiarity (反面性質)
  • footloose (foot，loose) having no ties : free to move about 自由自在的;不受束縛的 When the kids leave home, you'll be footloose and fancy-free.
  • attachment the state of being personally attached: FIDELITY attachment to a cause affectionate regard a deep attachment to nature 情感,愛慕;忠誠 (牽絆約束)
  • unversed not familiarized 不熟諳的;不精通的;無經驗的

    verse (n.) a line of metrical writing, STANZA 詩句,詩行;詩節 (v.) to make verse : VERSIFY 作詩 (v.) to familiarize by close association, study, or experience 使熟練,使精通

• dauntless : intimidate = irresprssible : restrain (反面性質)
  • irrepressible impossible to repress, restrain, or control 壓抑不住的 irrepressible curiosity
  • restrain to limit, restrict, or keep under control 抑制,遏制 try to restrain your anger

    RESTRAIN, CHECK, CURB, BRIDLE mean to hold back from or control in doing something.

• fearless : daunt = impassive : perturb (反面性質)
  • impassive (pass: passionate) giving no sign of feeling or emotion : EXPRESSIONLESS 無感情的;無感覺的

    IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.

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Demur

• / dɪˈmɜː/
• DELAY, HESITATE

  to take exception : OBJECT

• 猶豫;有顧慮;反對
• They demurred politely, but finally agreed to stay.
• <>: accept
• demur : objection = praise : approbation = countenance : toleration (同義類比)
  • approbation (approve) an act of approving formally or officially，COMMENDATION, PRAISE 許可,認可,核准;讚許
  • countenance
    • a: calm expression b: mental composure c: LOOK, EXPRESSION 冷靜;面容,臉色;表情
    • bearing or expression that offers approval or sanction : moral support 贊同;支持,鼓勵

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Despise

• / dɪˈspaɪz /
• de-: down spise: spy, look

  (adj.) despicable

• to look down on with contempt or aversion

  to regard as negligible, worthless, or distasteful

  DESPISE, CONTEMN, SCORN, DISDAIN mean to regard as unworthy of one's notice or consideration.

  GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀都在 extol 之反義字

• 鄙視;看不起
• She despised her neighbours.
• sublime <> despicable, scurvy
  • scurvy disgustingly mean or contemptible : DESPICABLE 卑鄙的,下流的 a scurvy trick

    CONTEMPTIBLE, DESPICABLE, PITIABLE, SORRY, SCURVY mean arousing or deserving scorn.

• venerable : reverence = redoubtable : regard, awe = despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (~able 類比)
  • reverence (n.) honor or respect felt or shown : DEFERENCE; 敬愛,崇敬;敬畏 (v.) to regard or treat with reverence 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏
  • scorn (n.) open dislike and disrespect or derision often mixed with indignation 輕蔑;藐視 (v.) to treat with scorn : reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy 輕蔑;藐視

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Despoil

• / dɪˈspɔɪl /
• spoil (除寵壞也有掠奪之意)
• to strip of belongings, possessions, or value : PILLAGE

  RAVAGE, DEVASTATE, WASTE, SACK, PILLAGE, DESPOIL mean to lay waste by plundering or destroying.

• 掠奪;剝奪
• The sandy beaches are being despoiled by an oil spill.

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Disdain

• / dɪsˈdeɪn /
• dis: not dain: value
• to look on with scorn

  to treat as beneath one's notice or dignity

  DESPISE, CONTEMN, SCORN, DISDAIN mean to regard as unworthy of one's notice or consideration.

  GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀，請見 extol 之反義字

• 輕蔑,鄙視;不屑
• Childcare was seen as women's work, and men disdained it.
• venerate, adulate <> disdain, scorn
• snub : disdain = double-cross : disloyalty (同義類比)
  • snub (sneer) to check or stop with a cutting retort : REBUKE 嚴厲斥責;厲聲制止 to restrain the action of : SUPPRESS 止住 to treat with contempt or neglect 輕視忽略
  • double-cross to deceive by double-dealing : BETRAY 出賣,欺騙
• adulation : disdain = affirmation : abnegate (反義類比)
  • affirmation the act of affirming 斷言;肯定;證實;批准

    affirm VALIDATE, CONFIRM斷言,申明,堅稱;證實,確認

    ASSERT, DECLARE, AFFIRM, PROTEST, AVOW mean to state positively usually in anticipation of denial or objection.

  • abnegate (negate，/ ˈæbnɪˌgeɪt /) DENY, RENOUNCE，SURRENDER, RELINQUISH 拒絕、克制(慾望等);放棄(權力等)

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Disparage

• / dɪˈspærɪdʒ /
• dis: not para: beside 並列
• to lower in rank or reputation : DEGRADE

  to depreciate by indirect means (as invidious comparison) : speak slightingly about

  DECRY, DEPRECIATE, DISPARAGE, BELITTLE mean to express a low opinion of.

  GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀，請見 extol 之反義字

• 貶低;輕視;毀謗
• Matcham's theatres were widely disparaged by architects.
• disparage <> venerate, aggrandize, adulate
  • aggrandize (grand: big) to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of 加大;強化 to make appear great or greater : praise highly 誇張;吹捧
• disparagement <> kudos (=fame, praise，/ˈkuːdɑːs /) (n.) AWARD, HONOR，COMPLIMENT, PRAISE 名聲;威信，恭維;讚美

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Doff

• /dɑːf/
• off
• to remove (an article of wear) from the body

  to take off (the hat) in greeting or as a sign of respect

  to rid oneself of : put aside

• 脫衣帽;脫帽致意;丟棄;廢除
• Lasorda doffed his cap and bowed.
• <>: don (on) to put on 穿上;披上;穿著
• din <> hush
  • din to assail with loud continued noise 以喧鬧聲擾(人) to impress by insistent repetition 一再叮囑,反覆告訴
  • hush (ech. 噓) CALM, QUIET 使沈默,使安靜 to put at rest : MOLLIFY 安撫 to keep from public knowledge : SUPPRESS 掩蓋

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Embroil

• / ɪmˈbrɔɪl /
• to throw into disorder or confusion

  to involve in conflict or difficulties

  • entangle
    • a:to wrap or twist together : INTERWEAVE b:ENSNARE 纏住;使糾結在一起
    • a:to involve in a perplexing or troublesome situation b:to make complicated 使捲入麻煩、使複雜
• em: make broil: 烤,炙
• 使混亂;使捲入糾紛
• I became embroiled in an argument with the taxi driver.
• <>: extricate (ex-: out，/ ˈekstrəkeɪt /) to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty 使擺脫;解救

  EXTRICATE, DISENTANGLE, UNTANGLE, DISENCUMBER, DISEMBARRASS mean to free from what binds or holds back.

• entangle : involve = grill : question (程度類比)(左邊大於右邊)
  • grill to question intensely 拷問,盤問(犯人等)
• acquittal : charges = disentanglement : snarl (反義類比) (將左邊名詞改為動詞)
  • disentanglement (dis: not entangle) to free from entanglement : UNRAVEL 解開糾結
  • snarl (/snɑːrl /) a tangle especially of hairs or thread : KNOT 纏結,亂結 a tangled situation 混亂,一團糟 (可當動詞)

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Eschew

• / ɪsˈtʆuː /
• to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds : SHUN

  ESCAPE, AVOID, EVADE, ELUDE, SHUN, ESCHEW mean to get away or keep away from something.

• 避免;避開
• I had eschewed politics in favour of a life practising law.

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Feign

• / feɪn /
• PRETEND, DISSEMBLE

  ASSUME, AFFECT, PRETEND, SIMULATE, FEIGN, COUNTERFEIT, SHAM mean to put on a false or deceptive appearance.

• 做假,假裝
• Feigning a headache, I went upstairs to my room.
• feigned : nature (反面性質)

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Fester

• / ˈfestər/
• (n.) a suppurating sore : PUSTULE

  PUTREFY, ROT

  to cause increasing poisoning, irritation, or bitterness : RANKLE

  to undergo or exist in a state of progressive deterioration

  to make inflamed or corrupt

• (n.) 淺潰瘍;膿瘡

  使潰爛;使痛苦;使惡化;使腐敗

• The dispute can be traced back to resentments which have festered for centuries.
• <>: heal

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Fetter

• / ˈfetər/
• *feet*
• (n.) a chain or shackle for the feet，something that confines : RESTRAINT

  to put fetters on : SHACKLE

  to restrain from motion, action, or progress

  HAMPER, TRAMMEL, CLOG, FETTER, SHACKLE, MANACLE mean to hinder or impede in moving, progressing, or acting.

• (n.) 腳鐐;束縛

  把...上腳鐐;束縛

• fettered by family responsibilities
• fetter <> release, liberate, loose
• enfranchise <> enfetter
  • enfetter (en: make fetter) to bind in fetters : ENCHAIN 上腳鐐

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Flaunt

• /flɑːnt /
• to display or obtrude oneself to public notice

  to wave or flutter showily

• 炫耀,誇示，(旗等)飄揚
• The rich flaunted their wealth while the poor starved on the streets.

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Flout

• / flaʊt /
• to treat with contemptuous disregard : SCORN

  SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery.

  GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀，請見 extol 之反義字

• 藐視;嘲笑;嘲弄
• Some companies flout the rules and employ children as young as seven.
• flout : disregard = taunt : challenge = mock : intimate (種類類比)(但都含嘲笑之意)
  • taunt (/ tɔːnt/) to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner : jeer at 辱罵;嘲笑;奚落

  • mock to imitate (as a mannerism) closely : MIMIC (為取笑而)模仿,仿效 to treat with contempt or ridicule : DERIDE 嘲弄,嘲笑 to disappoint the hopes of 使失望;使無效,挫敗
  • RIDICULE, DERIDE, MOCK, TAUNT mean to make an object of laughter of.

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Fluster

• / ˈflʌstər/
• to make tipsy(不穩的,搖搖晃晃的;歪斜的)

  to put into a state of agitated confusion : UPSET

  DISCOMPOSE, DISQUIET, DISTURB, PERTURB, AGITATE, UPSET, FLUSTER mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action.

• 使慌亂;使激動;使緊張不安
• Don't fluster me, or I'll never be ready on time.
• calm <> flustered

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Foment

• /foʊˈment/
• warm
• to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE, INCITE

  INCITE, INSTIGATE, ABET, FOMENT mean to spur to action.

• 挑起;激起;煽動
• They were accused of fomenting rebellion.
• <>: quell, quash, squash, squelch, suppres, frustrate, inhibit, stifle
  • quell, quash, squash, squelch, suppres 見 quell
  • stifle (/ ˈstaɪfəl /) to kill by depriving of oxygen : SUFFOCATE 使窒息,悶住;悶死 DETER, DISCOURAGE 扼殺;抑止,阻止
• conducive : foment = tonic : invigorate (正面性質)
  • conducive tending to promote or assist 有助事情發生的,有益的,促成的 an atmosphere conducive to education
  • tonic increasing or restoring physical or mental tone : REFRESHING 使人精神振奮的
  • invigorate (vigor) to give life and energy to : ANIMATE 賦予精神;鼓舞

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Fritter

• / ˈfrɪtər/
• fraction 碎片 => 耗損
• to spend or waste bit by bit, on trifles, or without commensurate return usually used with away fritter away

  to break into small fragments

• 浪費，使成碎片
• He frittered away a fortune on fast cars and gambling.

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Gainsay

• / ˌgeɪnˈseɪ /
• gain: against say
• to declare to be untrue or invalid

  DENY, GAINSAY, CONTRADICT, CONTRAVENE mean to refuse to accept as true or valid.

• (通常用於否定句或疑問句中)否認;反駁;反對
• No one dared to gainsay him.
• <>: affirm, concur, speak in support of, assent to, confirm, espouse, accept
  • affirm a:VALIDATE, CONFIRM b: to state positively 證實,確認 to assert (as a judgment or decree) as valid or confirmed 證明;申明
  • concur to act together to a common end or single effect 合作;共同起作用 APPROVE 贊成 to express agreement 同意,一致 to happen together : COINCIDE 同時發生

    AGREE, CONCUR, COINCIDE mean to come into or be in harmony regarding a matter of opinion.

  • speak in support of 支持
  • assent to to agree to something especially after thoughtful consideration : CONCUR 同意,贊成

    ASSENT, CONSENT, ACCEDE, ACQUIESCE, AGREE, SUBSCRIBE mean to concur with what has been proposed.

  • confirm to give approval to : RATIFY 批准,確認 to make firm or firmer : STRENGTHEN 堅定;加強

    to give new assurance of the validity of : remove doubt about by authoritative act or indisputable fact 證實;確定

    CONFIRM, CORROBORATE, SUBSTANTIATE, VERIFY, AUTHENTICATE, VALIDATE mean to attest to the truth or validity of something.

  • espouse ( / ɪˈspaʊz / ) MARRY, to take up and support as a cause : become attached to 娶(妻);嫁(女) 擁護,支持,信奉(主義、學說等)

    ADOPT, EMBRACE, ESPOUSE mean to take an opinion, policy, or practice as one's own.

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Gibe

• / dʒaɪb /
• to deride or tease with taunting words

  SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery. (亦可當 n.)

  • jeer to speak or cry out with derision or mockery 嘲笑,嘲弄 (也可當 n.)
  • jibe (/ dʒaɪb /)
    • 同 gibe (連發音也同)，嘲笑,嘲弄
    • to change a vessel's course when sailing with the wind so that as the stern passes through the eye of the wind the boom swings to the opposite side 使帆從一舷轉至另一舷;轉向
    • to be in accord : AGREE 相一致,符合
  • jape (/ dʒeɪp /) to say or do something jokingly or mockingly 開玩笑;說笑話;嘲弄人 something designed to arouse amusement or laughter (n.) 玩笑;嘲弄
• 嘲笑;愚弄
• revere <> jape at
• conflict <> jibe (jibe 有一意為 to be in accord : AGREE 相一致,符合)

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Gloat

• /gloʊt /
• to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight
• 幸災樂禍;洋洋得意地看或想
• gloat over an enemy's misfortune

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Haggle

• / ˈhægəl /
• hack: cut down 劈、砍
• to cut roughly or clumsily : HACK

  BARGAIN, WRANGLE

• 亂劈,亂砍

  爭論;論價,討價還價

• Ted was haggling with the street vendors.

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Hamper

• / ˈhæmpər/
• a : to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles : IMPEDE b : to interfere with the operation of : DISRUPT

  a : CURB, RESTRAIN b : to interfere with : ENCUMBER

  HAMPER, TRAMMEL, CLOG, FETTER, SHACKLE, MANACLE mean to hinder or impede in moving, progressing, or acting.

  HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of.

  • stymie, thwart
• 妨礙,阻礙

  牽制;束縛

• An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather.
• facilitate <> hamper (faci: easy) to make easier : help bring about 使容易;促進;幫助
• seminal <> hampering further development (se: seed，adj.) containing or contributing the seeds of later development : CREATIVE, ORIGINAL 有發展性的
• abet, support, aid <> thwart, impede
• foster, promote <> repress, stymie
  • promote
    • to advance in station, rank, or honor : RAISE 晉升
    • to contribute to the growth or prosperity of : FURTHER，to help bring (as an enterprise) into being : LAUNCH 促進;發揚;引起;發起,創立
    • to present (merchandise) for buyer acceptance through advertising, publicity, or discounting 宣傳,推銷(商品等)
    • to get possession of by doubtful means or by ingenuity 用不正當手段獲得
  • repress 抑制,壓制;約束;鎮壓,平息;制止
    • to check by or as if by pressure: CURB injustice was repressed
    • to put down by force : SUBDUE repress a disturbance
    • to hold in by self-control repressed a laugh
    • to prevent the natural or normal expression, activity, or development of repressed her anger
  • GRE 三個 press 結尾之字： (press： 按)
    • repress
    • suppres
      • to put down by authority or force : SUBDUE 鎮壓
      • to keep from public knowledge: as to keep secret 封鎖
      • to restrain from a usual course or action 忍住
      • to inhibit the growth or development of 阻止...生長(或發展)
    • depress
      • to lessen the activity or strength of 使消沈
      • SADDEN, DISCOURAGE 使沮喪, 使心灰意冷
      • to decrease the market value or marketability of 使蕭條
      • to press down，to cause to sink to a lower position 壓低;壓下

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Impair

• / ɪmˈpeər/
• im: make pair: poor
• to damage or make worse by or as if by diminishing in some material respect

  INJURE, HARM, HURT, DAMAGE, IMPAIR, MAR mean to affect injuriously.

• 削弱;減少;損害,損傷
• The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.
• <>: repair

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Impeach

• / ɪmˈpiːtʆ /
• peach: pede => feet
• a: to bring an accusation against b: to charge with a crime or misdemeanor

  to cast doubt on; especially : to challenge the credibility or validity of

  to remove from office especially for misconduct

• 控告;檢舉，懷疑;對...懷有疑問，彈劾
• The governor was impeached for using state funds improperly.
• uncimpeachable <> open toquestion
  • unimpeachable not impeachable : not to be called in question : not liable to accusation : IRREPROACHABLE, BLAMELESS 無可指責的;無可懷疑的;清白的

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Infringe

• / ɪnˈfrɪndʒ /
• frin: border, limit
• to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of another

  TRESPASS, ENCROACH, INFRINGE, INVADE mean to make inroads upon the property, territory, or rights of another.

• 違犯;侵犯;違反
• A backup copy of a computer program does not infringe copyright.
• presumption : propriety = transgression : morality = infringement : copyright, patent = encroachment : possessions, territory (GRE 4 逾越)
  • transgression an act, process, or instance of transgressing: as infringement or violation of a law, command, or duty 違反;違法,罪過

    transgress

    • to go beyond limits set or prescribed by: VIOLATE 違反,違背(規則、法律等) transgress divine law
    • to pass beyond or go over (a limit or boundary) 侵犯,越過(限度、範圍等)
  • possession (/ pəˈzeʆən /)
    • the act of having or taking into control 擁有; control or occupancy of property without regard to ownership 佔有 OWNERSHIP 所有權
    • something owned, occupied, or controlled : PROPERTY 所有物;財產
    • domination by something (as an evil spirit, a passion, or an idea)，a psychological state in which an individual's normal personality is replaced by another 入迷著魔
    • the fact or condition of being self-controlled 自制,鎮定自若

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Impugn

• / ɪmˈpjuːn /
• pugn: fight
• to assail by words or arguments : oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity
• 責難;抨擊
• I did not mean to impugn her professional abilities.
• <>: extol, champion, vindicate, uphold
  • champion (v.) to act as militant supporter of : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE 擁護,支持 to protect or fight for as a champion 為...而戰
  • uphold to give support to，to support against an opponent 維護;維持;贊成;確認 to keep elevated 支撐 to lift up 舉起,高舉

    SUPPORT, UPHOLD, ADVOCATE, BACK, CHAMPION mean to favor actively one that meets opposition.

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Indenture

• / ɪnˈdentʆər/
• indent： 有一義為「訂立契約」
• (n.) a document or a section of a document that is indented(受契約約束的) (v.) to bind (as an apprentice) by or as if by indentures
• (n.) 文據,契約,印據 (v.) 以契約約束
• indentured servants

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Inhibit

• / ɪnˈhɪbɪt /
• to prohibit from doing something

  to hold in check : RESTRAIN

  to discourage from free or spontaneous activity especially through the operation of inner psychological impediments or of social controls

  FORBID, PROHIBIT, INTERDICT, INHIBIT mean to debar one from doing something or to order that something not be done.

• 禁止;約束;抑制
• An unhappy family life may inhibit children's learning.
• inhibit <> precipitate, catalyze, further, foment
  • catalyze to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction) 催化 BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE 引起
  • further (v.) to help forward : PROMOTE 促進;發揚;引起

    ADVANCE, PROMOTE, FORWARD, FURTHER mean to help (someone or something) to move ahead.

• catalyst <> inhibitor
  • catalyst 催化劑;刺激(或促進)因素
    • a substance (as an enzyme) that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible
    • an agent that provokes or speeds significant change or action
  • inhibitor one that inhibits; especially : an agent that slows or interferes with a chemical action 抗化劑;約束者
• abandon : inhibit = despair : hope (反義類比)
  • abandon
    • (n.) a thorough yielding to natural impulses; especially: ENTHUSIASM, EXUBERANCE 放縱,放任;狂放
    • (v.) to give up to the control or influence of another person or agent 放棄,中止 to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly 使放縱;使聽任
  • despair (d: not espair: hope，/ dɪˈspeər/)
    • (n.) utter loss of hope 絕望 a cause of hopelessness 令人絕望的人(或事物)
    • (v.) to lose all hope or confidence 絕望,喪失信心
• inhibition : abandon = clamness : frenzy = tranquility : agitation (反義類比)(全以名詞看待)
  • clamness (calm) marked by calm : STILL 平靜;安寧 free from agitation, excitement, or disturbance 冷靜,沈著
  • frenzy (fre: free 自由)
    • (n.) a: a temporary madness (暫時的)瘋狂;狂怒;狂熱 b: a violent mental or emotional agitation 極度的激動
    • (v.) to affect with frenzy 使發狂;使狂怒

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Inveigle

• / ɪnˈveɪgəl/
• igle: ogle 向...拋媚眼
• to win over by wiles : ENTICE

  to acquire by ingenuity or flattery

  LURE, ENTICE, INVEIGLE, DECOY, TEMPT, SEDUCE mean to lead astray from one's true course.

  • LURE implies a drawing into danger, evil, or difficulty through attracting and deceiving lured naive investors with get-rich-quick schemes
  • ENTICE suggests drawing by artful or adroit means advertising designed to entice new customers
  • INVEIGLE implies enticing by cajoling or flattering fund-raisers inveigling wealthy alumni
  • DECOY implies a luring into entrapment by artifice attempting to decoy the enemy into an ambush
  • TEMPT implies the presenting of an attraction so strong that it overcomes the restraints of conscience or better judgment tempted by the offer of money
  • SEDUCE implies a leading astray by persuasion or false promises seduced by assurances of assistance
• 誘騙;騙取
• She had inveigled me into taking messages to her lover.
• <>: request directly, openly seek to
• persuade, inveigle : interest = scheme : plan (種類類比)
  • persuade to move by argument, entreaty, or expostulation to a belief, position, or course of action，to plead with : URGE 說服,勸服
  • interest (v.) to induce or persuade to participate or engage 使參與 to engage the attention or arouse the interest of 使發生興趣
  • scheme (/ skiːm /)
    • (n.) a graphic sketch or outline，a concise statement or table 圖解;大綱;摘要

      a plan or program of action; especially: a crafty or secret one 計劃;方案;詭計,陰謀

      a systematic or organized framework : DESIGN 系統,體制,結構

      PLAN, DESIGN, PLOT, SCHEME, PROJECT mean a method devised for making or doing something or achieving an end.

      • PLAN always implies mental formulation and sometimes graphic representation plans for a house
      • DESIGN often suggests a particular pattern and some degree of achieved order or harmony a design for a new dress
      • PLOT implies a laying out in clearly distinguished sections with attention to their relations and proportions the plot of the play
      • SCHEME stresses calculation of the end in view and may apply to a plan motivated by craftiness and self-interest a scheme to defraud the government
      • PROJECT often stresses imaginative scope and vision a project to develop the waterfront
    • (v.) to form a scheme for，to form plans; also: PLOT, INTRIGUE 計劃;設計;策劃,密謀

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Jettison

• / ˈdʒetəsən/
• jet
• (n.) a voluntary sacrifice of cargo to lighten a ship's load in time of distress

  to make jettison of

  to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering : DISCARD

  to drop from an airplane or spacecraft in flight

• (n.) (船舶等在緊急情況時)投棄的貨物

  (v.) (船舶等在遇難時為減輕負載而)投棄(貨物);擺脫不必要的、累贅;

• The scheme was jettisoned when the government found it too costly.
• jettison : cargo = waive : right (對象類比)

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Lampoon

• / læmˈpuːn /
• (n.) a harsh satire usually directed against an individual

  to make the subject of a lampoon : RIDICULE

  • satirize (/ˈsætəraɪz/) to utter or write satire 對...寫諷刺文章;挖苦 (對社會現象)

    satire (n.) (/ ˈsætaɪər/) a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn 諷刺文學

    WIT, HUMOR, IRONY, SARCASM, SATIRE, REPARTEE mean a mode of expression intended to arouse amusement.

    • WIT suggests the power to evoke laughter by remarks showing verbal felicity or ingenuity and swift perception especially of the incongruous a playful wit
    • HUMOR implies an ability to perceive the ludicrous, the comical, and the absurd in human life and to express these usually without bitterness a sense of humor
    • IRONY applies to a manner of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is seemingly expressed the irony of the title
    • SARCASM applies to expression frequently in the form of irony that is intended to cut or wound given to heartless sarcasm
    • SATIRE applies to writing that exposes or ridicules conduct, doctrines, or institutions either by direct criticism or more often through irony, parody, or caricature a satire on the Congress
    • REPARTEE implies the power of answering quickly, pointedly, or wittily a dinner guest noted for repartee
• (n.) 諷刺文章 (v.) 以(詩,文)諷刺
• The Prime Minister was frequently lampooned in political cartoons.
• paean <> harshly lampoon (/ ˈpiːən /) a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph; broadly: ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE 歡樂歌;讚頌歌
• lampoon : satire = limerick : poem (種類類比)

  a harsh satire : satire = a short poem : poem

  • limerick (/ ˈlɪmərɪk /) a light or humorous verse form of 5 chiefly anapestic verses 五行打油詩
• panegyric : eulogize, praise = lampoon : satirize = valediction : farewell (功用目的)
  • panegyric (/ ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk /) (n.) a eulogistic oration or writing; also: formal or elaborate praise 頌文

    ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION mean a formal expression of praise.

    • ENCOMIUM implies enthusiasm and warmth in praising a person or a thing.
    • EULOGY applies to a prepared speech or writing extolling the virtues and services of a person.
    • PANEGYRIC suggests an elaborate often poetic compliment.
    • TRIBUTE implies deeply felt praise conveyed either through words or through a significant act.
    • CITATION applies to the formal praise accompanying the mention of a person in a military dispatch or in awarding an honorary degree.
  • eulogize (eu: beautiful log: speak，/ˈjuːlədʒaɪz/) to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL 頌揚
  • valediction (/ ˌvæləˈdɪkʆən /) an act of bidding farewell 告別;告別辭
  • farewell a wish of well-being at parting : GOOD-BYE 告別 an act of departure: LEAVE-TAKING 告別 a formal occasion honoring a person about to leave or retire 送別會

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Languish

• / ˈlæŋgwɪʆ /
• to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated，to be or live in a state of depression or decreasing vitality

  to become dispirited : PINE，to suffer neglect

  to assume an expression of grief or emotion appealing for sympathy

  • PINE (v.) to lose vigor, health, or flesh (as through grief) : LANGUISH 消瘦,衰弱,憔悴 to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable 渴望

    LONG, YEARN, HANKER, PINE, HUNGER, THIRST mean to have a strong desire for something.

    • LONG implies a wishing with one's whole heart and often a striving to attain longed for some rest
    • YEARN suggests an eager, restless, or painful longing yearned for a stage career
    • HANKER suggests the uneasy promptings of unsatisfied appetite or desire always hankering for money
    • PINE implies a languishing or a fruitless longing for what is impossible pined for a lost love
    • HUNGER and THIRST imply an insistent or impatient craving or a compelling need hungered for a business of his own，thirsted for absolute power
• 變得無生氣,衰弱;長期受苦;焦思,因渴望而苦惱
• The housing market continues to languish.
• <>:
  • thrive to grow vigorously : FLOURISH 茁壯成長;茂盛生長 to gain in wealth or possessions : PROSPER 興旺,繁榮;成功
  • energetic, lusty <> languid
    • lusty full of strength and vitality : HEALTHY, VIGOROUS 精力充沛的;健壯的; ENTHUSIASTIC, ROUSING 熱情的,活潑的
    • languid (/ ˈlæŋgwɪd/)
      • drooping or flagging from or as if from exhaustion : WEAK 軟弱無力的,倦怠的
      • sluggish in character or disposition : LISTLESS 無精打采的
      • lacking force or quickness of movement : SLOW 遲緩的

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Loathe

• /loʊð /
• to dislike greatly and often with disgust or intolerance : DETEST

  HATE, DETEST, ABHOR, ABOMINATE, LOATHE mean to feel strong aversion or intense dislike for.

  • HATE implies an emotional aversion often coupled with enmity or malice: hated the enemy with a passion
  • DETEST suggests violent antipathy: detests cowards
  • ABHOR implies a deep often shuddering repugnance: a crime abhorred by all
  • ABOMINATE suggests strong detestation and often moral condemnation: every society abominates incest
  • LOATHE implies utter disgust and intolerance: loathed self-appointed moral guardians
• 厭惡,憎恨
• Example sentence
• <>:
  • dote to love someone very much, and show this by your actions 溺愛 Everyone doted on Sally, the only girl in the family，a doting parent
  • yearn (earn，/ jɜːn/) to long persistently, wistfully, or sadly 思念;渴望;嚮往 to feel tenderness or compassion 同情,憐憫

    LONG, YEARN, HANKER, PINE, HUNGER, THIRST mean to have a strong desire for something.

    • LONG implies a wishing with one's whole heart and often a striving to attain longed for some rest
    • YEARN suggests an eager, restless, or painful longing yearned for a stage career
    • HANKER suggests the uneasy promptings of unsatisfied appetite or desire always hankering for money
    • PINE implies a languishing or a fruitless longing for what is impossible pined for a lost love
    • HUNGER and THIRST imply an insistent or impatient craving or a compelling need hungered for a business of his own，thirsted for absolute power
• dislike : loathing = pleasure : bliss (程度類比)

  dislike < loathing = pleasure < bliss

  • bliss perfect happiness or enjoyment 極樂,至喜 I didn't have to get up till 11 - it was sheer bliss.

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Meander

• / miˈændər/
• 土耳其境內河流名，河道彎曲
• (n.) a winding path or course; especially: LABYRINTH，a turn or winding of a stream

  (v.) to follow a winding or intricate course，to wander aimlessly or casually without urgent destination : RAMBLE

  WANDER, ROAM, RAMBLE, ROVE, TRAIPSE, MEANDER mean to go about from place to place usually without a plan or definite purpose.

  • WANDER implies an absence of or an indifference to a fixed course fond of wandering about the square just watching the people
  • ROAM suggests wandering about freely and often far afield liked to roam through the woods
  • RAMBLE stresses carelessness and indifference to one's course or objective the speaker rambled on without ever coming to the point
  • ROVE suggests vigorous and sometimes purposeful roaming armed brigands roved over the countryside
  • TRAIPSE implies a course that is erratic but may sometimes be purposeful traipsed all over town looking for the right dress
  • MEANDER implies a winding or intricate course suggestive of aimless or listless wandering the river meanders for miles through rich farmland
• (n.) 迂迴曲折的進程;河流的曲折

  (v.) 沿...緩慢而曲折地前進;使迂迴曲折;漫無目的漫步

• Cows still meander through these villages.
• <>: move purposefully
• waft : plummet = meander : dash (程度類比)

  waft < plummet = meander < dash

  • waft (/ wɑːft/) to move or go lightly on or as if on a buoyant(有浮力的) medium 飄蕩
  • plummet (/ ˈplʌmɪt /) to drop sharply and abruptly 急墜 to fall perpendicularly(垂直的) 筆直落下
  • dash to move with sudden speed: SPRINT 猛衝,急奔

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Muddle

• / ˈmʌdl /
• mud
• (n.) a state of especially mental confusion，a confused mess

  (v.) to make turbid or muddy，to mix confusedly，to make a mess of，to think or act in a confused aimless way

• (n.) 糊塗;混亂狀態

  (v.) 將...混在一起;使(水等)渾濁;弄糟(事情等);使頭腦混亂;使雜亂無章

• Recently the government seems to have lost its way and muddled its priorities.
• <>: seperate
• mud : soil = slush : snow (種類類比)

  soil + water : soil = snow + water : snow

  • slush
    • (n.) partly melted or watery snow 融雪 soft mud : MIRE 泥濘 unsolicited writings submitted (as to a magazine) for publication
    • (v.) to make one's way through slush 在融雪(或泥濘)中走 to make a splashing sound 濺潑

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Nettle

• / ˈnetl /
• needle (用針刺)
• to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger

  IRRITATE, EXASPERATE, NETTLE, PROVOKE, RILE, PEEVE mean to excite a feeling of anger or annoyance.

  • IRRITATE (/ ˈɪrəteɪt /) implies an often gradual arousing of angry feelings that may range from mere impatience to rage constant nagging that irritated me greatly
  • EXASPERATE (/ ɪgˈzæspəreɪt/ asper: rough 粗暴) suggests galling annoyance and the arousing of extreme impatience:

    his exasperating habit of putting off needed decisions

  • NETTLE (/ ˈnetl / needle: 針) suggests a sharp but passing annoyance or stinging your pompous attitude nettled several people
  • PROVOKE implies an arousing of strong annoyance that may excite to action remarks made solely to provoke her
  • RILE (ROIL) implies inducing an angry or resentful agitation the new work schedules riled the employees
  • PEEVE (/ piːv /) suggests arousing fretful often petty or querulous irritation a toddler peeved at being refused a cookie
  • goad
• (用話)刺激,挑逗
• She was nettled by Holman's remark.
• <>: appease, conciliate, propitiate

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Pander

• / ˈpændər/
• (n.) a: a go-between in love intrigues b: PIMP，someone who caters to or exploits the weaknesses of others

  to act as a pander; especially: to provide gratification for others' desires

• (n.) 拉皮條;老鴇;慫恿者;迎合者

  (v.) 勾引;拉皮條;慫恿;迎合

• Some newspapers feel they have to pander to the prejudices of their readers.

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Parry

• / ˈpæri /
• to ward off (as a blow)

  to evade especially by an adroit answer

• 擋開,避開(打擊);以巧妙回答迴避問題
• He parried all her questions about his work.
• parry : question = shirk, skirt, malinger : duty, obligation, resposiblity (對象關係)
  • shirk to evade the performance of an obligation 逃避義務(或責任等) shirk one's duty
  • skirt (v.) to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy 避開(危險等);迴避(問題等) skirted the issue
  • malinger (mal: bad，/ məˈlɪŋgər/) to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or work 裝病以逃避職責(或工作)

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Perturb

• /pərˈtɜːrb/
• turb: disturb
• to disturb greatly in mind : DISQUIET

  to throw into confusion : DISORDER

  DISCOMPOSE, DISQUIET, DISTURB, PERTURB, AGITATE, UPSET, FLUSTER

  mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action.
  • DISCOMPOSE implies some degree of loss of self-control or self-confidence especially through emotional stress discomposed by the loss of his beloved wife
  • DISQUIET suggests loss of sense of security or peace of mind the disquieting news of factories closing
  • DISTURB implies interference with one's mental processes caused by worry, perplexity, or interruption the discrepancy in accounts disturbed me
  • PERTURB implies deep disturbance of mind and emotions perturbed by her husband's strange behavior
  • AGITATE suggests obvious external signs of nervous or emotional excitement in his agitated state we could see he was unable to work
  • UPSET implies the disturbance of normal or habitual functioning by disappointment, distress, or grief the family's constant bickering upsets the youngest child
  • FLUSTER suggests bewildered agitation his declaration of love completely flustered her
• 使心緒不寧,使不安,煩擾;擾亂,使混亂
• He didn't seem perturbed by the noises outside.
• <>:
  • perturbation <> equanimity (equ: equal anim: mind，/ˌekwəˈnɪməti/) evenness of mind especially under stress，right disposition : BALANCE 平靜;鎮定

    EQUANIMITY, COMPOSURE, SANGFROID mean evenness of mind under stress.

    • EQUANIMITY suggests a habit of mind that is only rarely disturbed under great strain accepted her troubles with equanimity
    • COMPOSURE implies the controlling of emotional or mental agitation by an effort of will or as a matter of habit maintaining his composure even under hostile questioning
    • SANGFROID implies great coolness and steadiness under strain handled the situation with professional sangfroid
  • restive, ticklish <> calm, imperturbable
    • ticklish (tickle: 搔癢) TOUCHY, OVERSENSITIVE 敏感的 easily overturned 易變的 requiring delicate handling 難對付的;棘手的 sensitive to tickling 怕癢的
    • imperturbable (/ ˌɪmpərˈtɜːbəbəl /) marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness : SERENE 沈著的;冷靜的

      COOL, COMPOSED, COLLECTED, UNRUFFLED, IMPERTURBABLE, NONCHALANT mean free from agitation or excitement.

• impassive, stoic : perturb = voracious, avaricious : satisfy = fearless : daunt (反面性質)
  • impassive (pass: passionate) giving no sign of feeling or emotion : EXPRESSIONLESS 無感情的;無感覺的
  • stoic (某一禁欲學派，/ˈstoʊɪk/) not affected by or showing passion or feeling; especially: firmly restraining response to pain or distress 禁慾的

    IMPASSIVE, STOIC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, STOLID mean unresponsive to something that might normally excite interest or emotion.

    • IMPASSIVE stresses the absence of any external sign of emotion in action or facial expression met the news with an impassive look
    • STOIC implies an apparent indifference to pleasure or especially to pain often as a matter of principle or self-discipline was resolutely stoic even in adversity
    • PHLEGMATIC implies a temperament or constitution hard to arouse a phlegmatic man unmoved by tears
    • APATHETIC may imply a puzzling or deplorable indifference or inertness charitable appeals met an apathetic response
    • STOLID implies an habitual absence of interest, responsiveness, or curiosity stolid workers wedded to routine
  • voracious (/ vəˈreɪʆəs/) having a huge appetite : RAVENOUS 食慾大的 excessively eager : INSATIABLE 貪婪的

    VORACIOUS, GLUTTONOUS, RAVENOUS, RAPACIOUS mean excessively greedy.

    • VORACIOUS applies especially to habitual gorging with food or drink teenagers are often voracious eaters
    • GLUTTONOUS applies to one who delights in eating or acquiring things especially beyond the point of necessity or satiety an admiral who was gluttonous for glory
    • RAVENOUS implies excessive hunger and suggests violent or grasping methods of dealing with food or with whatever satisfies an appetite

      a nation with a ravenous lust for territorial expansion

    • RAPACIOUS often suggests excessive and utterly selfish acquisitiveness or avarice rapacious developers indifferent to environmental concerns
  • avaricious (/ ˌævəˈrɪʆəs /) greedy of gain : excessively acquisitive especially in seeking to hoard riches 貪婪的,貪得無厭的

    COVETOUS, GREEDY, ACQUISITIVE, GRASPING, AVARICIOUS mean having or showing a strong desire for especially material possessions.

    • COVETOUS implies inordinate desire often for another's possessions covetous of his brother's country estate
    • GREEDY stresses lack of restraint and often of discrimination in desire greedy for status symbols
    • ACQUISITIVE implies both eagerness to possess and ability to acquire and keep an eagerly acquisitive mind
    • GRASPING adds to COVETOUS and GREEDY an implication of selfishness and often suggests unfair or ruthless means a hard grasping trader who cheated the natives
    • AVARICIOUS implies obsessive acquisitiveness especially of money and strongly suggests stinginess an avaricious miser
  • daunt
• chary : caution = imperturable : composure (正面性質)
  • composure a calmness or repose especially of mind, bearing, or appearance : SELF-POSSESSION 平靜,鎮靜,沈著

    EQUANIMITY, COMPOSURE, SANGFROID mean evenness of mind under stress.

    • EQUANIMITY suggests a habit of mind that is only rarely disturbed under great strain accepted her troubles with equanimity
    • COMPOSURE implies the controlling of emotional or mental agitation by an effort of will or as a matter of habit maintaining his composure even under hostile questioning
    • SANGFROID implies great coolness and steadiness under strain handled the situation with professional sangfroid
• perturb : serenity = reassure : doubt, anxiety (對象類比)
  • serenity the quality or state of being serene 平靜,沈著

    serene (/ səˈriːn /) clear and free of storms or unpleasant change 平靜的 marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude 安詳的;穩重的

    CALM, TRANQUIL, SERENE, PLACID, PEACEFUL mean quiet and free from disturbance.

    • CALM often implies a contrast with a foregoing or nearby state of agitation or violence the protests ended, and the streets were calm again
    • TRANQUIL suggests a very deep quietude or composure the tranquil beauty of a formal garden
    • SERENE stresses an unclouded and lofty tranquillity watched the sunset of a serene summer's evening
    • PLACID suggests an undisturbed appearance and often implies a degree of complacency remained placid despite the criticism
    • PEACEFUL implies a state of repose in contrast with or following strife or turmoil grown peaceful in old age
  • reassure to assure anew 向...再保證 to restore to confidence 使放心,使消除疑慮

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Pillage

• / ˈpɪlɪdʒ /
• to plunder ruthlessly : LOOT

  to take booty

  RAVAGE, DEVASTATE, WASTE, SACK, PILLAGE, DESPOIL

  mean to lay waste by plundering or destroying.
  • RAVAGE implies violent often cumulative depredation and destruction a hurricane ravaged the coast
  • DEVASTATE implies the complete ruin and desolation of a wide area an earthquake devastated the city
  • WASTE may imply producing the same result by a slow process rather than sudden and violent action years of drought had wasted the area
  • SACK implies carrying off all valuable possessions from a place barbarians sacked ancient Rome
  • PILLAGE implies ruthless plundering at will but without the completeness suggested by SACK settlements pillaged by Vikings
  • DESPOIL applies to looting or robbing of a place or person without suggesting accompanying destruction the Nazis despoiled the art museums
• 搶劫,掠奪
• Its aim is no longer to pillage the wild for man's use, but to protect what remains against domestication.

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Pinoin

• / ˈpɪnjən /
• (n.) the terminal section of a bird's wing including the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges; broadly: WING，FEATHER, QUILL; also: FLIGHT FEATHERS

  a: to disable or restrain by binding the arms b: to bind fast : SHACKLE

  to restrain (a bird) from flight especially by cutting off the pinion of one wing

• (n.) 鳥翅的端部,翼梢,前翼;翼,翅;翮 (v.) 縛住(人)的雙臂;綁緊;剪去(或縛住)(鳥)的飛羽;
• My arms were pinioned behind me by the policemen.

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Pillory

• / ˈpɪləri /
• (n.) a device formerly used for publicly punishing offenders consisting of a wooden frame with holes in which the head and hands can be locked

  (n.) a means for exposing one to public scorn or ridicule

  to set in a pillory as punishment

  to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn

• (n.) (古代刑具)頸手枷;示眾,受公眾嘲笑 (v.) 給...上頸手枷;使當眾受辱
• The education secretary was pilloried by the press for his latest proposals.
• guillotine : execute = pillory : ridicule (功用目的)
  • guillotine (/ ˈgɪlətiːn /)
    • a machine for beheading by means of a heavy blade that slides down in vertical guides 斷頭臺
    • a shearing machine or instrument (as a paper cutter) that in action resembles a guillotine 切紙機,裁切機
  • excute to put to death especially in compliance with a legal sentence 將...處死
  • ridicule to make fun of 嘲笑,戲弄

    RIDICULE, DERIDE, MOCK, TAUNT mean to make an object of laughter of.

    • RIDICULE implies a deliberate often malicious belittling consistently ridiculed everything she said
    • DERIDE suggests contemptuous and often bitter ridicule derided their efforts to start their own business
    • MOCK implies scorn often ironically expressed as by mimicry or sham deference youngsters began to mock the helpless wino
    • TAUNT suggests jeeringly provoking insult or challenge hometown fans taunted the visiting team
• admonish : denounce = punish, chide : pillory = humor : mollycoddle (程度類比)

  admonish < denounce = punish, chide < pillory = humor < mollycoddle

  • admonish (moni: 訓誡,警告)
    • to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner 告誡;警告;
    • to give friendly earnest advice or encouragement to 提醒;勸告
    • REPROVE, REBUKE, REPRIMAND, ADMONISH, REPROACH, CHIDE mean to criticize adversely.
      • REPROVE implies an often kindly intent to correct a fault gently reproved my table manners

        (re: back prove: approve) to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent 責備,指責,非難

      • REBUKE suggests a sharp or stern reproof the papal letter rebuked dissenting clerics

        to criticize sharply : REPRIMAND 指責,非難;訓斥

      • REPRIMAND implies a severe, formal, often public or official rebuke reprimanded by the ethics committee

        (/ ˈreprɪmɑːnd/) to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authority 訓斥,斥責;譴責

      • ADMONISH suggests earnest or friendly warning and counsel admonished by my parents to control expenses
      • REPROACH and CHIDE suggest displeasure or disappointment expressed in mild reproof or scolding reproached him for tardiness, chided by their mother for untidiness

        (proach: approach) to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment 責備;斥責

        to bring into discredit 使蒙恥;引起對...的指摘

        irreproachable not reproachable : BLAMELESS, IMPECCABLE 無可非議的

        (child) to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD 責備;責怪;責罵

  • chide (child) to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD 責備;責怪;責罵
  • humor (v.) to soothe or content by indulgence 迎合;遷就
  • mollycoddle (moll: soft coddle: 悉心照料(病人、嬰兒等);嬌養 / ˈmɒliˌkɒdl/ )

    to surround with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention 溺愛;縱容 He had been mollycoddled as a young boy.

    INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings.

    • INDULGE implies excessive compliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's own desires indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse
    • PAMPER implies inordinate gratification of desire for luxury and comfort with consequent enervating effect pampered by the amenities of modern living
    • HUMOR stresses a yielding to a person's moods or whims humored him by letting him tell the story
    • SPOIL stresses the injurious effects on character by indulging or pampering foolish parents spoil their children
    • BABY suggests excessive care, attention, or solicitude babying students by grading too easily
    • MOLLYCODDLE suggests an excessive degree of care and attention to another's health or welfare refused to mollycoddle her malingering son

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Pommel

• / ˈpʌməl /
• (n.) the knob on the hilt of a sword or saber

  PUMMEL, POUND, BEAT

• (n.) 劍柄的圓球;馬鞍的鞍橋;鞍馬的鞍環 (v.) 用柄端打;用拳頭連續打
• Diane leaned over and pommeled the pillows.
• pommel : tap (程度、反義類比)
  • tap
    • (v.) to strike lightly especially with a slight sound 輕拍,輕叩,輕敲
    • (v.) to let out or cause to flow by piercing or by drawing a plug from the containing vessel 裝上塞子(嘴子) (可當名詞: 閥門，拴塞)

      to connect (a street gas or water main) with a local supply 接通(總電源,總水源等)

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Profane

• / prəˈfeɪn /
• to treat (something sacred) with abuse, irreverence, or contempt : DESECRATE

  to debase by a wrong, unworthy, or vulgar use

  (adj.) not concerned with religion or religious purposes: SECULAR，not holy because unconsecrated, impure, or defiled : UNSANCTIFIED

  (adj.) serving to debase or defile what is holy : IRREVERENT，a : not being among the initiated b : not possessing esoteric or expert knowledge

  • blaspheme (/ blæsˈfiːm /) to speak of or address with irreverence 褻瀆(神祇) REVILE, ABUSE 咒罵;辱罵
• (v.)褻瀆(聖物);玷污; 濫用;錯用 (adj.) 世俗的,非宗教的，瀆神的,褻瀆;好咒罵的，異教的，不諳宗教儀式的;外行的
• <>: revere to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of great honor 尊敬,崇敬;敬畏(神祈)

  REVERE, REVERENCE, VENERATE, WORSHIP, ADORE mean to honor and admire profoundly and respectfully.

  • REVERE stresses deference and tenderness of feeling a professor revered by generations of students
  • REVERENCE presupposes an intrinsic merit and inviolability in the one honored and a corresponding depth of feeling in the one honoring

    reverenced the academy's code of honor

  • VENERATE implies a holding as holy or sacrosanct because of character, association, or age heroes still venerated
  • WORSHIP implies homage usually expressed in words or ceremony worships their memory
  • ADORE implies love and stresses the notion of an individual and personal attachment a doctor adored by her patients
• pierce : impenetrable = profane : inviolable (in~able 類比，反面性質)
  • pierce (/ pɪrs/)
    • a : to run into or through as a pointed weapon does : STAB b : to enter or thrust into sharply or painfully 刺穿,刺破
    • to make a hole through : PERFORATE 穿(孔,洞)
    • to force or make a way into or through 突入;穿過;突破
    • to penetrate with the eye or mind : DISCERN 識破;洞察
    • to penetrate so as to move or touch the emotions of 強烈地影響,深深地打動
    • ENTER, PENETRATE, PIERCE, PROBE mean to make way into something.
      • ENTER is the most general of these and may imply either going in or forcing a way in entered the city in triumph
      • PENETRATE carries a strong implication of an impelling force or compelling power that achieves entrance the enemy penetrated the fortress
      • PIERCE means an entering or cutting through with a sharp pointed instrument pierced the boil with a lancet
      • PROBE implies penetration to investigate or explore something hidden from sight or knowledge probed the depths of the sea
  • impenetrable (/ ɪmˈpenətrəbəl /)
    • incapable of being penetrated or pierced 不能通過的;不能穿過的;不能刺穿的;不透...的
    • inaccessible to knowledge, reason, or sympathy : IMPERVIOUS 不接納的;頑固的
    • incapable of being comprehended : INSCRUTABLE 不能理解的;難以探測的
  • penetrate
    • a: to pass into or through b: to enter by overcoming resistance : PIERCE c: to gain entrance to 穿過;刺入;透過
    • a: to see into or through b: to discover the inner contents or meaning of 看透;識破;了解;洞察
    • to affect profoundly with feeling (感情等)深入於,打動
    • to diffuse through or into 彌漫於;擴散於;滲透入
  • inviolable (vio: violation) secure from violation or profanation 不可褻瀆的 secure from assault or trespass : UNASSAILABLE 不可侵犯的
• blame : castigation = irreverence : blasphemy (程度類比)

  blame < castigation = irreverence < blasphemy

  • castigation
  • irreverence (ir-: not, revere: 敬神，/ ɪˈrevərəns /) lack of reverence 不敬, irreverent
  • blasphemy (/ ˈblæsfəmi /) something you say or do that is insulting to God or people's religious beliefs 褻瀆神: He committed blasphemy against religion.

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Prorogue

• /ˈprorog/
• pro: before rogue: ask
• DEFER, POSTPONE

  to terminate a session of (as a British parliament) by royal prerogative

• 使延期,使休會
• <>: adjourn <> convene
  • adjourn (journ: day) to suspend indefinitely or until a later stated time 使中止;使延期;休(會)
  • convene (con: together vene: come) to come together in a body 集會;聚集 to summon before a tribunal 傳喚...出庭受審,票傳 to cause to assemble 召集(會議)

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Quail

• / kweɪl /
• quake
• to recoil in dread or terror : COWER

  RECOIL, SHRINK, FLINCH, WINCE, BLENCH, QUAIL mean to draw back in fear or distaste.

  • RECOIL implies a start or movement away through shock, fear, or disgust recoiled at the suggestion of stealing
  • SHRINK suggests an instinctive recoil through sensitiveness, scrupulousness, or cowardice shrank from the unpleasant truth
  • FLINCH implies a failure to endure pain or face something dangerous or frightening with resolution faced her accusers without flinching
  • WINCE suggests a slight involuntary physical reaction (as a start or recoiling) winced in pain
  • BLENCH implies fainthearted flinching stood their ground without blenching
  • QUAIL suggests shrinking and cowering in fear quailed before the apparition
  • cringe to shrink in fear or servility 畏縮;蜷縮 to behave in an excessively humble or servile way 卑躬屈膝,阿諛奉承

    FAWN, TOADY, TRUCKLE, CRINGE, COWER mean to behave abjectly before a superior.

    • FAWN implies seeking favor by servile flattery or exaggerated attention waiters fawning over a celebrity
    • TOADY suggests the attempt to ingratiate oneself by an abjectly menial or subservient attitude toadying to his boss
    • TRUCKLE implies the subordination of oneself and one's desires or judgment to those of a superior truckling to a powerful lobbyist
    • CRINGE suggests a bowing or shrinking in fear or servility a cringing sycophant
    • COWER suggests a display of abject fear in the company of threatening or domineering people cowering before a bully
• 膽怯;畏縮;洩氣
• She quailed visibly at the sight of the prison walls.
• droll : laugh = grisly : flinch (正面性質)
  • droll having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality 滑稽的;離奇好笑的
  • grisly (/ ˈgrɪzli /) inspiring horror or intense fear 可怕的;厲害的;嚴重的

    GHASTLY, GRISLY, GRUESOME, MACABRE, LURID mean horrifying and repellent in appearance or aspect.

    • GHASTLY suggests the terrifying aspects of corpses and ghosts a ghastly accident
    • GRISLY and GRUESOME suggest additionally the results of extreme violence or cruelty an unusually grisly murder，the gruesome history of the Nazi death camps
    • MACABRE implies a morbid preoccupation with the physical aspects of death a macabre tale of premature burial
    • LURID adds to GRUESOME the suggestion of shuddering fascination with violent death and especially with murder the lurid details of a crime
  • flinch to withdraw or shrink from or as if from pain : WINCE; 畏懼;退縮

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Quibble

• / ˈkwɪbəl /
• to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words

  CAVIL, CARP

• 吹毛求疵模糊焦點
• Let's not quibble over minor details.
• quibble : objection = foible : fault (程度類比)

  quibble (trivial objection) < objection = foible < fault

  • foible (/ ˈfɔɪbəl /) a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior : WEAKNESS

    FAULT, FAILING, FRAILTY, FOIBLE, VICE mean an imperfection or weakness of character.

    • FAULT implies a failure, not necessarily culpable, to reach some standard of perfection in disposition, action, or habit a writer of many virtues and few faults
    • FAILING suggests a minor shortcoming in character being late is a failing of mine
    • FRAILTY implies a general or chronic proneness to yield to temptation human frailties
    • FOIBLE applies to a harmless or endearing weakness or idiosyncrasy an eccentric's charming foibles
    • VICE can be a general term for any imperfection or weakness, but it often suggests violation of a moral code or the giving of offense to the moral sensibilities of others

      compulsive gambling was his vice

• quibbler : cavil = encomiast : eulogize (人物動作)
  • encomiast (/ɪnˈkomɪæst/) one that praises : EULOGIST 宣讀或寫作頌辭之人;讚美者
  • eulogize (eu: beautiful log: speak，/ˈjuːlədʒaɪz/) to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL 頌揚

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Rant

• / rænt /
• to talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner

  to scold vehemently

• 怒氣沖沖地叫嚷;誇誇其談;大聲責罵
• She was still ranting about the unfairness of it all.
• fear : cower = angry : rant (引起類比)

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Ravage

• / ˈrævɪdʒ /
• to commit destructive actions

  RAVAGE, DEVASTATE, WASTE, SACK, PILLAGE, DESPOIL

  mean to lay waste by plundering or destroying.
  • RAVAGE implies violent often cumulative depredation and destruction a hurricane ravaged the coast
  • DEVASTATE implies the complete ruin and desolation of a wide area an earthquake devastated the city
  • WASTE may imply producing the same result by a slow process rather than sudden and violent action years of drought had wasted the area
  • SACK implies carrying off all valuable possessions from a place barbarians sacked ancient Rome
  • PILLAGE implies ruthless plundering at will but without the completeness suggested by SACK settlements pillaged by Vikings
  • DESPOIL applies to looting or robbing of a place or person without suggesting accompanying destruction the Nazis despoiled the art museums
• 使荒蕪;毀滅,毀壞;蹂躪;劫掠
• His health was gradually ravaged by drink and drugs.
• looter : plunder (人物動作)
  • looter one that plunder or sack in war 掠奪搶劫者
  • plunder to take the goods of by force (as in war) : PILLAGE, SACK 掠奪,劫掠,搶劫

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Relinquish

• / rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʆ /
• re: behind linq: leave
• to withdraw or retreat from : leave behind

  GIVE UP

  a: to stop holding physically : RELEASE b: to give over possession or control of : YIELD

  RELINQUISH, YIELD, RESIGN, SURRENDER, ABANDON, WAIVE

  mean to give up completely.
  • RELINQUISH usually does not imply strong feeling but may suggest some regret, reluctance, or weakness relinquished her crown
  • YIELD implies concession or compliance or submission to force the troops yielded ground grudgingly
  • RESIGN emphasizes voluntary relinquishment or sacrifice without struggle resigned her position
  • SURRENDER implies a giving up after a struggle to retain or resist surrendered their claims
  • ABANDON stresses finality and completeness in giving up abandoned all hope
  • WAIVE implies conceding or forgoing with little or no compulsion waived the right to a trial by jury
  • abnegate (negate，/ ˈæbnɪˌgeɪt /) DENY, RENOUNCE，SURRENDER, RELINQUISH 拒絕、克制(慾望等);放棄(權力等)
• 放棄;撤出;棄絕，交出,讓與
• No one wants to relinquish power once they have it.
• <>:
  • procure to get possession of: obtain by particular care and effort (努力)取得,獲得; BRING ABOUT, ACHIEVE 實現,達成;完成
  • reaffirm VALIDATE, CONFIRM, assert again 再斷言;再肯定;重申

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Remonstrate

• / ˈremənstreɪt/
• monstrate: show (demonstrate)
• to present and urge reasons in opposition : EXPOSTULATE

  to say or plead in protest, reproof, or opposition

• 抗議;反對;進諫;告誡
• The Everton manager remonstrated angrily with the referee.
• remonstrate : attack = syllogism : disprove = remonstrance : dissuade = reprehension : censure (目的功用)
  • syllogism (/ ˈsɪlədʒɪzəm / ) a deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and a minor premise and a conclusion 三段論;演繹推理

    a subtle, specious, or crafty argument 詭辯,狡辯

  • disprove to prove to be false or wrong : REFUTE 證明...是虛假的;反駁
  • dissuade to advise (a person) against something 勸(某人)勿做某事,勸阻 a campaign to dissuade young people from smoking
  • reprehend to voice disapproval of: CENSURE 申斥;指摘

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Renounce

• / rɪˈnaʊns /
• re: 撤銷 nounce: announce

  renunciation (n.)

• to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration

  to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further : REPUDIATE

  ABDICATE, RENOUNCE, RESIGN mean to give up a position with no possibility of resuming it.

  ABJURE, RENOUNCE, FORSWEAR, RECANT, RETRACT mean to withdraw one's word or professed belief.

  • ABDICATE implies a giving up of sovereign power or sometimes an evading of responsibility such as that of a parent abdicated the throne
  • RENOUNCE may replace it but often implies additionally a sacrifice for a greater end renounced her inheritance by marrying a commoner
  • RESIGN applies to the giving up of an unexpired office or trust resigned from the board
  • ABJURE implies a firm and final rejecting or abandoning often made under oath abjured the errors of his former faith
  • RENOUNCE often equals ABJURE but may carry the meaning of disclaim or disown renounced abstract art and turned to portrait painting
  • FORSWEAR may add to ABJURE an implication of perjury or betrayal I cannot forswear my principles
  • RECANT stresses the withdrawing or denying of something professed or taught if they recant they will be spared
  • RETRACT applies to the withdrawing of a promise, an offer, or an accusation the newspaper had to retract its allegations against the mayor
• 聲明放棄;宣佈中止,退出;與...斷絕關係,拒絕承認(子女等)
• These groups must renounce violence if there is to be progress towards peace.
• renounce : pledge = rescind : order, law = repeal : legislation = retract : statement = revoke : license = countermand : order = withdraw : candidacy (對象關係)

  (re: 具「撤銷」意)

  • pledge a binding promise or agreement to do or forbear 保證,誓言
  • rescind (/ rɪˈsɪnd /) to take away : REMOVE 撤回 TAKE BACK, CANCEL 廢止;取消 to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting authority or a superior authority: REPEAL 廢止
  • repeal to rescind or annul by authoritative act; especially: to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment，ABANDON, RENOUNCE 撤銷(決議等);廢除(法令等);取消;放棄
  • retract to draw back or in 縮回,縮進 cats retract their claws TAKE BACK, WITHDRAW 撤回,收回(聲明,諾言等) retract a confession
  • revoke to annul by recalling or taking back : RESCIND 撤回,撤銷;廢除,取消 to bring or call back 回想,重新喚起
  • countermand (counter，mand: command) to revoke (a command) by a contrary order，to recall or order back by a superseding contrary order 取消;退回;撤回(命令或訂單)
  • withdraw to take back or away : REMOVE 取消;撤回;撤銷 TAKE BACK, RETRACT 收回;取回;提取
  • canadidacy (/ ˈkændɪdəsi /) the state of being a candidate 候選資格;候選狀態

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Reprimand

• / ˈreprɪmænd/
• to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authority

  REPROVE, REBUKE, REPRIMAND, ADMONISH, REPROACH, CHIDE mean to criticize adversely.

  • REPROVE implies an often kindly intent to correct a fault gently reproved my table manners

    (re: back prove: approve) to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent 責備,指責,非難

  • REBUKE suggests a sharp or stern reproof the papal letter rebuked dissenting clerics

    to criticize sharply : REPRIMAND 指責,非難;訓斥

  • REPRIMAND implies a severe, formal, often public or official rebuke reprimanded by the ethics committee

    (/ ˈreprɪmɑːnd/) to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authority 訓斥,斥責;譴責

  • ADMONISH suggests earnest or friendly warning and counsel admonished by my parents to control expenses
  • REPROACH and CHIDE suggest displeasure or disappointment expressed in mild reproof or scolding reproached him for tardiness, chided by their mother for untidiness

    (proach: approach) to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment 責備;斥責

    to bring into discredit 使蒙恥;引起對...的指摘

    irreproachable not reproachable : BLAMELESS, IMPECCABLE 無可非議的

    (child) to voice disapproval to : reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner : SCOLD 責備;責怪;責罵

  • GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀都在 extol 之反義字
• 訓斥,斥責;譴責
• The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty.
• <>:
  • extol
  • endorse (dors: back)
    • to write on the back of; especially : to sign one's name as payee on the back of (a check) in order to obtain the cash or credit represented on the face 在(發票、票據等)背面簽名,背書;簽署(姓名)
    • to approve openly especially: to express support or approval of publicly and definitely 贊同;認可

      APPROVE, ENDORSE, SANCTION, ACCREDIT, CERTIFY mean to have or express a favorable opinion of.

      • APPROVE often implies no more than this but may suggest considerable esteem or admiration the parents approve of the marriage
      • ENDORSE suggests an explicit statement of support publicly endorsed her for Senator
      • SANCTION implies both approval and authorization the President sanctioned covert operations
      • ACCREDIT and CERTIFY usually imply official endorsement attesting to conformity to set standards the board voted to accredit the college，must be certified to teach
  • champion (v.) to act as militant supporter of : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE 擁護,支持 to protect or fight for as a champion 為...而戰

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Revile

• / rɪˈvaɪl /
• to subject to verbal abuse : VITUPERATE

  to use abusive language : RAIL

  SCOLD, UPBRAID, BERATE, RAIL, REVILE, VITUPERATE mean to reproach angrily and abusively.

  • SCOLD implies rebuking in irritation or ill temper justly or unjustly angrily scolding the children

    to censure severely or angrily 罵,叱責

  • UPBRAID implies censuring on definite and usually justifiable grounds upbraided her assistants for poor research

    to criticize severely : find fault with，to reproach severely : scold vehemently 責罵,訓斥

  • BERATE suggests prolonged and often abusive scolding berated continually by an overbearing boss

    (rate) to scold or condemn vehemently and at length 嚴責

  • RAIL (at or against) stresses an unrestrained berating railed loudly at their insolence
  • REVILE implies a scurrilous, abusive attack prompted by anger or hatred an alleged killer reviled in the press

    (re-: back vi: negative) to use abusive language 辱罵,謾罵;痛斥

  • VITUPERATE suggests a violent reviling was vituperated for betraying his friends

    (vi: negative rate / vɪˌtjuːpəˈreɪt/) to abuse or censure severely or abusively : BERATE 謾罵;責罵

  • GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀都在 extol 之反義字
• 辱罵,謾罵;痛斥
• The President was now reviled by the same party he had helped to lead.
• <>: extol

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Seethe

• / siːð /
• to soak or saturate in a liquid

  a: to be in a state of rapid agitated movement b: to churn or foam as if boiling

  to suffer violent internal excitement

• 使浸透;騷動;沸騰;激動;
• He was seething with anger.
• <>: calm to become calm, free from agitation, excitement, or disturbance

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Shackle

• / ˈʆækəl /
• (n.) something (as a manacle or fetter) that confines the legs or arms，something that checks or prevents free action as if by fetters

  a: to bind with shackles: FETTER b: to make fast with or as if with a shackle

  to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of restrictions or handicaps : IMPEDE

• (n.) 腳鐐;手銬;枷鎖,桎梏,束縛 (v.) 給...帶上鐐銬;束縛,羈絆
• Industrial progress is being shackled by a mass of regulations.
• <>: loose a : to let loose : RELEASE b : to free from restraint 解開;鬆開;放開

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Skimp

• / skɪmp /
• to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or effort to or funds
• 捨不得給;克扣
• It's vital not to skimp on staff training.
• parsimonious : skimp = malingering : shirk (正面性質)
  • malinger (mal: bad，/ məˈlɪŋgər/) to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or work 裝病以逃避職責(或工作)
  • shirk to evade the performance of an obligation 逃避義務(或責任等) shirk one's duty

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Squander

• / ˈskwɒndər/
• to spend extravagantly or foolishly : DISSIPATE

  to cause to disperse : SCATTER

  to lose (as an advantage or opportunity) through negligence or inaction

• 浪費,揮霍;使分散;因忽略無作為而失去
• The home team squandered a number of chances in the first half.
• <>: husband (v.) a: to manage prudently and economically b: to use sparingly : CONSERVE 節儉地管理;節約地使用
  • husbandry <> lavishness, prodigality, waste
    • husbandry (/ ˈhʌzbəndri /) the control or judicious use of resources: CONSERVATION 節約,節儉

      the cultivation or production of plants and animals : AGRICULTURE 農事,耕種

      the scientific control and management of a branch of farming and especially of domestic animals 管理(飼養業)

    • lavishness (lav: waste，/ ˈlævɪʆɪs /) 大方;浪費;豐富

      lavish (lav: waste，/ ˈlævɪʆ /) expending or bestowing profusely: PRODIGAL 非常慷慨的;浪費的,濫花的 a: expended or produced in abundance b: marked by profusion or excess 極其豐富的;大量的;無節制的

    • prodigality (/ ˌprɒdɪˈgələtɪ/) 浪費;極度慷慨;豐饒

      prodigal (/ ˈprɒdɪgəl/) recklessly extravagant，characterized by wasteful expenditure : LAVISH 非常浪費的,揮霍的 yielding abundantly: LUXURIANT (物產等)豐富的,大量的

      PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.

      • PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
      • LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
      • PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
      • LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
      • LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
      • EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination
    • waste (n.) the act or an instance of wasting : the state of being wasted 浪費;濫用

      (當名詞還有其他意： 廢(棄)物;廢料，荒地,荒野，消耗,損耗;毀壞，忽略不用,錯過，一大片)

• squander : money = dally : time (對象關係)
  • dally to act playfully; especially: to play amorously 嬉戲;調情 to deal lightly : TOY 輕率的(或並非認真地)對待 to waste time 浪費(時間) LINGER, DAWDLE 磨蹭、拖延

    DELAY, PROCRASTINATE, LAG, LOITER, DAWDLE, DALLY mean to move or act slowly so as to fall behind.

    TRIFLE, TOY, DALLY, FLIRT, COQUET mean to deal with or act toward without serious purpose.

    • DELAY usually implies a putting off (as a beginning or departure) we cannot delay any longer
    • PROCRASTINATE implies blameworthy delay especially through laziness or apathy procrastinates about making decisions
    • LAG implies failure to maintain a speed set by others lagging behind in technology
    • LOITER and DAWDLE imply delay while in progress, especially in walking, but DAWDLE more clearly suggests an aimless wasting of time

      loitered at several store windows，children dawdling on their way home from school

    • DALLY suggests delay through trifling or vacillation when promptness is necessary stop dallying and get to work
    • TRIFLE may imply playfulness, unconcern, indulgent contempt to trifle with a lover's feelings
    • TOY implies acting without full attention or serious exertion of one's powers a political novice toying with great issues
    • DALLY suggests indulging in thoughts or plans merely as an amusement dallying with the idea of building a boat someday
    • FLIRT implies an interest or attention that soon passes to another object flirted with one fashionable ism after another
    • COQUET implies attracting interest or admiration without serious intention companies that coquet with environmentalism solely for public relations
• prodigal : squander = proctor : supervise (人物動作)
  • prodigal (/ ˈprɒdɪgəl/) recklessly extravagant，characterized by wasteful expenditure : LAVISH 非常浪費的,揮霍的 yielding abundantly: LUXURIANT (物產等)豐富的,大量的

    (n.) one who spends or gives lavishly and foolishly 揮霍者;浪蕩子

    PROFUSE, LAVISH, PRODIGAL, LUXURIANT, LUSH, EXUBERANT mean giving or given out in great abundance.

    • PROFUSE implies pouring forth without restraint uttered profuse apologies
    • LAVISH suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion a lavish wedding reception
    • PRODIGAL implies reckless or wasteful lavishness threatening to lead to early exhaustion of resources prodigal spending
    • LUXURIANT suggests a rich and splendid abundance luxuriant side-whiskers
    • LUSH suggests rich, soft luxuriance a lush green lawn
    • EXUBERANT implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly an exuberant imagination
  • proctor (/ ˈprɒktər/) SUPERVISOR, MONITOR; specifically: one appointed to supervise students (as at an examination) 監考人;代理人;代訴人
  • supervise SUPERINTEND, OVERSEE 監督;管理;指導
• husbandry : dissipate = alacrity : procrastinate (反義類比)
  • dissipate (/ ˈdɪsəpeɪt /)
    • a: to break up and drive off (as a crowd) b: to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish c: to lose (as heat or electricity) irrecoverably 驅散(霧等),使消散;消除,使消失
    • to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly 浪費,揮霍
    • to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure; especially: to drink to excess 放蕩;耽於遊樂
    • SCATTER, DISPERSE, DISSIPATE, DISPEL mean to cause to separate or break up.
      • SCATTER implies a force that drives parts or units irregularly in many directions the bowling ball scattered the pins
      • DISPERSE implies a wider separation and a complete breaking up of a mass or group police dispersed the crowd
      • DISSIPATE stresses complete disintegration or dissolution and final disappearance the fog was dissipated by the morning sun
      • DISPEL stresses a driving away or getting rid of as if by scattering an authoritative statement that dispelled all doubt
  • alacrity (/ əˈlækrəti /) promptness in response : cheerful readiness 活潑;敏捷;輕快 accepted the invitation with alacrity
  • procrastinate (/ prəˈkræstəneɪt /) to put off intentionally and habitually (故意或習慣性)延遲;耽擱

    DELAY, PROCRASTINATE, LAG, LOITER, DAWDLE, DALLY mean to move or act slowly so as to fall behind.

    • DELAY usually implies a putting off (as a beginning or departure) we cannot delay any longer
    • PROCRASTINATE implies blameworthy delay especially through laziness or apathy procrastinates about making decisions
    • LAG implies failure to maintain a speed set by others lagging behind in technology
    • LOITER and DAWDLE imply delay while in progress, especially in walking, but DAWDLE more clearly suggests an aimless wasting of time

      loitered at several store windows，children dawdling on their way home from school

    • DALLY suggests delay through trifling or vacillation when promptness is necessary stop dallying and get to work

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Stymie

• / ˈstaɪmi /
• 【高爾夫】妨礙球
• to present an obstacle to : stand in the way of

  HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of.

  • HINDER stresses causing harmful or annoying delay or interference with progress rain hindered the climb
  • IMPEDE implies making forward progress difficult by clogging, hampering, or fettering tight clothing that impedes movement
  • OBSTRUCT implies interfering with something in motion or in progress by the sometimes intentional placing of obstacles in the way the view was obstructed by billboards
  • BLOCK implies complete obstruction to passage or progress a landslide blocked the road
  • thwart to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of 反對,阻撓;使受挫折;挫敗

    FRUSTRATE, THWART, FOIL, BAFFLE, BALK mean to check or defeat another's plan or block achievement of a goal.

    • FRUSTRATE implies making vain or ineffectual all efforts however vigorous or persistent frustrated attempts at government reform
    • THWART (/θwɔːrt /) suggests frustration or checking by crossing or opposing the army thwarted his attempt at a coup
    • FOIL (/ fɔɪl /) implies checking or defeating so as to discourage further effort foiled by her parents, he stopped trying to see her
    • BAFFLE (ff: 模糊) implies frustration by confusing or puzzling baffled by the maze of rules and regulations
    • BALK (block) suggests the interposing of obstacles or hindrances

      officials felt that legal restrictions had balked their efforts to control crime

  • hamper
• 使陷困境;妨礙
• Investigators have been stymied by uncooperative witnesses.
• <>: foster, abet

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Sully

• / ˈsʌli /
• soil
• to make soiled or tarnished : DEFILE
• 弄髒;玷污;使丟臉
• a scandal that sullied his reputation

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Sunder

• / ˈsʌndər/
• to break apart or in two : separate by or as if by violence or by intervening time or space

  SEPARATE, PART, DIVIDE, SEVER, SUNDER, DIVORCE mean to become or cause to become disunited or disjointed.

  • SEPARATE may imply any of several causes such as dispersion, removal of one from others, or presence of an intervening thing

    separated her personal life from her career

  • PART implies the separating of things or persons in close union or association vowed never to part
  • DIVIDE implies separating into pieces or sections by cutting or breaking civil war divided the nation
  • SEVER implies violence especially in the removal of a part or member a severed limb
  • SUNDER suggests violent rending or wrenching apart a city sundered by racial conflict
  • DIVORCE implies separating two things that commonly interact and belong together cannot divorce scientific research from moral responsibility
• 分開;隔開;切斷;割裂
• War and the reality of her marriage had sundered all obligation to her parents' expectations.
• <>:
  • link
  • connect
  • merge
  • yoke (n.) a wooden bar or frame by which two draft animals (as oxen) are joined at the heads or necks for working together 牛軛 (v.) to join as if by a yoke 連接,結合
  • amalgamate
• collapse : implode = divide : sunder (種類類比)
  • collapse
    • to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely : fall into a jumbled or flattened mass through the force of external pressure 倒塌;萎陷
    • to suddenly lose force, significance, effectiveness, or worth 崩潰,瓦解;(價格)暴跌;(計劃等)突然失敗
    • to break down in vital energy, stamina, or self-control through exhaustion or disease; especially: to fall helpless or unconscious (健康等)垮掉;衰退;累倒
    • to fold down into a more compact shape 摺疊起來
  • implode
    • to burst inward，to undergo violent compression 內爆;向內聚爆;向心壓擠
    • to collapse inward as if from external pressure; also: to become greatly reduced as if from collapsing 向內崩塌

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Upbraid

• / ʌpˈbreɪd /
• to criticize severely : find fault with

  to reproach severely : scold vehemently

  SCOLD, UPBRAID, BERATE, RAIL, REVILE, VITUPERATE mean to reproach angrily and abusively.

  • SCOLD implies rebuking in irritation or ill temper justly or unjustly angrily scolding the children

    to censure severely or angrily 罵,叱責

  • UPBRAID implies censuring on definite and usually justifiable grounds upbraided her assistants for poor research

    to criticize severely : find fault with，to reproach severely : scold vehemently 責罵,訓斥

  • BERATE suggests prolonged and often abusive scolding berated continually by an overbearing boss

    (rate) to scold or condemn vehemently and at length 嚴責

  • RAIL (at or against) stresses an unrestrained berating railed loudly at their insolence
  • REVILE implies a scurrilous, abusive attack prompted by anger or hatred an alleged killer reviled in the press

    (re-: back vi: negative) to use abusive language 辱罵,謾罵;痛斥

  • VITUPERATE suggests a violent reviling was vituperated for betraying his friends

    (vi: negative rate / vɪˌtjuːpəˈreɪt/) to abuse or censure severely or abusively : BERATE 謾罵;責罵

  • GRE 所有 negative verb： 罵、批評、詆毀都在 extol 之反義字
• 責罵,訓斥
• He is reported to have upbraided his commanders for including political content in briefings.
• <>:
  • extol
  • endorse (dors: back)
    • to write on the back of; especially : to sign one's name as payee on the back of (a check) in order to obtain the cash or credit represented on the face 在(發票、票據等)背面簽名,背書;簽署(姓名)
    • to approve openly especially: to express support or approval of publicly and definitely 贊同;認可

      APPROVE, ENDORSE, SANCTION, ACCREDIT, CERTIFY mean to have or express a favorable opinion of.

      • APPROVE often implies no more than this but may suggest considerable esteem or admiration the parents approve of the marriage
      • ENDORSE suggests an explicit statement of support publicly endorsed her for Senator
      • SANCTION implies both approval and authorization the President sanctioned covert operations
      • ACCREDIT and CERTIFY usually imply official endorsement attesting to conformity to set standards the board voted to accredit the college，must be certified to teach
  • champion (v.) to act as militant supporter of : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE 擁護,支持 to protect or fight for as a champion 為...而戰

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Thwart

• /θwɔːrt /
• 【船】橫座板,划手座
• to run counter to so as to effectively oppose or baffle : CONTRAVENE

  to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of

  to pass through or across

  HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of.

  • HINDER stresses causing harmful or annoying delay or interference with progress rain hindered the climb
  • IMPEDE implies making forward progress difficult by clogging, hampering, or fettering tight clothing that impedes movement
  • OBSTRUCT implies interfering with something in motion or in progress by the sometimes intentional placing of obstacles in the way the view was obstructed by billboards
  • BLOCK implies complete obstruction to passage or progress a landslide blocked the road
  • thwart to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of 反對,阻撓;使受挫折;挫敗

    FRUSTRATE, THWART, FOIL, BAFFLE, BALK mean to check or defeat another's plan or block achievement of a goal.

    • FRUSTRATE implies making vain or ineffectual all efforts however vigorous or persistent frustrated attempts at government reform
    • THWART (/θwɔːrt /) suggests frustration or checking by crossing or opposing the army thwarted his attempt at a coup
    • FOIL (/ fɔɪl /) implies checking or defeating so as to discourage further effort foiled by her parents, he stopped trying to see her
    • BAFFLE (ff: 模糊) implies frustration by confusing or puzzling baffled by the maze of rules and regulations
    • BALK (block) suggests the interposing of obstacles or hindrances

      officials felt that legal restrictions had balked their efforts to control crime

  • hamper
  • stymie
• 反對,阻撓;使受挫折;挫敗;橫過,穿越
• Fierce opposition thwarted the government's plans.
• <>: abet

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Toady

• /ˈtoʊdi/
• (n.) one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors : SYCOPHANT

  to behave as a toady : engage in sycophancy

  PARASITE, SYCOPHANT, TOADY, LEECH, SPONGE mean a usually obsequious flatterer or self-seeker.

  FAWN, TOADY, TRUCKLE, CRINGE, COWER mean to behave abjectly before a superior.

  • PARASITE applies to one who clings to a person of wealth, power, or influence or is useless to society a jet-setter with an entourage of parasites
  • SYCOPHANT adds to this a strong suggestion of fawning, flattery, or adulation a powerful prince surrounded by sycophants
  • TOADY emphasizes the servility and snobbery of the self-seeker cultivated leaders of society and became their toady
  • LEECH stresses persistence in clinging to or bleeding another for one's own advantage a leech living off his family and friends
  • SPONGE stresses the parasitic laziness, dependence, and opportunism of the cadger a shiftless sponge, always looking for a handout
  • FAWN implies seeking favor by servile flattery or exaggerated attention waiters fawning over a celebrity
  • TOADY suggests the attempt to ingratiate oneself by an abjectly menial or subservient attitude toadying to his boss
  • TRUCKLE implies the subordination of oneself and one's desires or judgment to those of a superior truckling to a powerful lobbyist
  • CRINGE suggests a bowing or shrinking in fear or servility a cringing sycophant
  • COWER suggests a display of abject fear in the company of threatening or domineering people cowering before a bully
• (n.) 諂媚者 (v.) 諂媚,拍馬,奉承
• toadying to the boss
• blowhard : boastful = toady : obsequious (正面性質) (左邊當人物名詞，右邊形容詞)
  • blowhard (blow，hard) BRAGGART 吹牛專家
  • boastful 自誇的;愛自誇的

    boast (v.) to puff oneself up in speech : speak vaingloriously (something that is a source of pride)，to speak of or assert with excessive pride 自吹自擂;誇耀

    (v.) to possess and often call attention to (something that is a source of pride)，HAVE, CONTAIN (指物)以有...而自豪;擁有,包含

    BOAST, BRAG, VAUNT, CROW mean to express pride in oneself or one's accomplishments.

    • BOAST often suggests ostentation and exaggeration boasts of every trivial success,

      but it may imply a claiming with proper and justifiable pride the town boasts one of the best museums in the area

    • BRAG suggests crudity and artlessness in glorifying oneself bragging of their exploits
    • VAUNT usually connotes more pomp and bombast than BOAST and less crudity or naivete than BRAG vaunted his country's military might
    • CROW usually implies exultant boasting or bragging crowed after winning the championship
  • obsequious (ob: toward sequ: follow，/ əbˈsiːkwiəs /) marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness 諂媚的,奉承的

    SUBSERVIENT, SERVILE, SLAVISH, OBSEQUIOUS mean showing or characterized by extreme compliance or abject obedience.

    • SUBSERVIENT implies the cringing manner of one very conscious of a subordinate position domestic help was expected to be properly subservient
    • SERVILE suggests the mean or fawning behavior of a slave a political boss and his entourage of servile hangers-on
    • SLAVISH suggests abject or debased servility the slavish status of migrant farm workers
    • OBSEQUIOUS implies fawning or sycophantic compliance and exaggerated deference of manner waiters who are obsequious in the presence of celebrities

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Waive

• / weɪv /
• to relinquish voluntarily (as a legal right)

  to refrain from pressing or enforcing (as a claim or rule) : FORGO

  to put off from immediate consideration : POSTPONE

  to dismiss with or as if with a wave of the hand

  RELINQUISH, YIELD, RESIGN, SURRENDER, ABANDON, WAIVE mean to give up completely.

  • RELINQUISH usually does not imply strong feeling but may suggest some regret, reluctance, or weakness relinquished her crown
  • YIELD implies concession or compliance or submission to force the troops yielded ground grudgingly
  • RESIGN emphasizes voluntary relinquishment or sacrifice without struggle resigned her position
  • SURRENDER implies a giving up after a struggle to retain or resist surrendered their claims
  • ABANDON stresses finality and completeness in giving up abandoned all hope
  • WAIVE implies conceding or forgoing with little or no compulsion waived the right to a trial by jury
• 放棄;撤回;擱置;推遲
• She waived her right to a lawyer.
• waive : right = jettison : cargo (對象類比)

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Wane

• / weɪn /
• to decrease in size, extent, or degree : DWINDLE a: to diminish in phase or intensity (used chiefly of the moon) b: to become less brilliant or powerful: DIM c: to flow out : EBB

  to fall gradually from power, prosperity, or influence

  ABATE, SUBSIDE, WANE, EBB mean to die down in force or intensity.

  • ABATE stresses the idea of progressive diminishing the storm abated
  • SUBSIDE implies the ceasing of turbulence or agitation the protests subsided after a few days
  • WANE suggests the fading or weakening of something good or impressive waning enthusiasm
  • EBB suggests the receding of something (as the tide) that commonly comes and goes the ebbing of daylight
• (月)虧,缺;變暗淡;變小;減少;衰落;沒落;消逝
• My enthusiasm for the project was waning.
• <>:
  • increase
  • intensify
  • escalate to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope 使逐步上升(增強或擴大);使(戰爭)逐步升級
  • wax
    • (n.) 蠟;蜂蠟;石蠟;蠟狀物;唱片
    • to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity，to grow in volume or duration，to grow toward full development 增加;變大
    • to increase in phase or intensity used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets (月亮)漸圓,漸滿
    • to assume a (specified) characteristic, quality, or state : BECOME (漸漸)變成,轉為
    • to treat or rub with wax usually for polishing or stiffening 給...上蠟
    • to record on phonograph records 【口】把...灌製唱片
  • resurgence <> waning of vitality
    • resurgence (/ rɪˈsɜːdʒəns) a rising again into life, activity, or prominence : RENASCENCE 復活;復甦;再起;再現

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Word

• Pronunciation
• Prefix & Root
• Eng Def. (synonym)
• Chinese Def.
• Example sentence
• <>:
• Analogy (****)

• ......

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