1. During the period of 1960's, ______ of segregation disappeared as a result of non-violent protests and federal legislation.

   (A) many signs    (B) when many signs    (C) many signs are    (D) for many signs

key： 前半句 During ... 是 prep 片語，不是 basic element，不用看，後半句缺主詞，找 N 就好，(A)

詳析：1. disappear： Vi，本句主體： S + Vi    (非 S + Vi + prep + O)

          2. as a result of sth.： result「結果」，as a result of sth.「因為 sth. 所以 ...」

             本句：因為 protests、legislation，所以 signs of segrgation disappeared

單字：1. segregation： (種族)隔離    se-: separate，greg: group

             when people of different races, sexes, or religions are kept apart so that they live, work, or study separately

          2. protest： 抗議

             something that you do to show publicly that you think that something is wrong and unfair

2. The 1988 Education Reform Act ______ a school's obligation to hold daily acts of worship of a broadly Christian character.

   (A) reaffirming    (B) which reaffirm    (C) reaffirmed    (D) to reaffirm

key： The 1988 Education Reform Act 專有名詞當 S，整句缺動詞，(C)

詳析： 1. reaffirm 是 Vt，本句主體： S + Vt + O

          2. obligation to V： N to-V，To-V 當 adj 修飾 obligation

單字：1. Act： (常大寫) 法案

             a law that has been officially accepted by Parliament or Congress

          2. worship： 禮拜儀式

             the activity of praying or singing in a religious building in order to show respect and love for a god

3. During this governor's term of office, the state ______ ten thousand manufacturing jobs.

   (A) where     (B) besides     (C) with     (D) has

key： 前半句 During ... 是 prep 片語，不是 basic element，不用看，後半句缺動詞，(D)

詳析： S + V + O

單字：1. term 任期

              a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens

          2. office 職位

              an important job or position with power, especially in government, ex: the office of President

          3. term of office 在任期間 (term in office)

              the time someone spends doing an important job in government

4. In the United States, policies of the twelve Federal Reserve Banks are uniform, ______ of the Federal Reserve System.

   (A) they are set by the Board of Governors     (B) the Board of Governors set them

   (C) because they are set by the Board of Governors     (D) set by Board of Governors

key：__In the United States__ 是 prep 片語，不是 basic element，不用看，中間句子有主詞 policies、動詞 are，結構已完整，而所有選項裡都還有動詞，則缺 conj，(C)

詳析： 1. S V ..., conj S V...

          2. policies 是 policy 的複數形，不要誤看成 police -.-

          3. set 三態皆同

單字：1. the Federal Reserve Bank 美國聯邦準備銀行 (also the Fed informal)

              the FRB the US central bank, which is divided into twelve banks, each operating in a different area of the US according to the Federal Reserve System.

          2. board 委員會;理事會;董事會;(政府的)部,局,會

              a group of people in a company or other organization who make the rules and important decisions

5. Exposed to oxygen will cause the enzyme produced by some deep-sea fish to give off light.

key： Exposed 不是 N，沒法當 S，整句缺 S，(A)，應改成 Exposure

詳析：1. S + V to V ...

          2. produced by some deep-sea fish 可看成 adj 子句省略 which is，修飾 enzyme

          3. cause the enzyme to give off light

          4. fish 在這裡是集合名詞：魚類

單字：1. Exposure to 暴露於、接觸

              a. when someone is in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant

              b. the chance to experience new ideas, ways of life etc

          2. Exposure of 揭露,揭發

              the action of showing the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad

          3. cause

              cause sth. for sb. 給 sb. 帶來 sth.

              cause somebody trouble/problems etc 給 sb. 帶來 麻煩

              cause sb./sth. to do sth. 使某人做某事

6. The persistence of Abraham Lincoln and other antislavery advocates leading to the end of slavery in America

key： 整句缺動詞，(C)，應改成 led (lead 過去式)

詳析：1. S(persistence) + Vi(led) + prep(to) + O(end)

          2. advocate 這裡當名詞： 擁護者

單字：1. lead to 導致、誘使

              to cause something to happen or cause someone to do something

              lead sb. into sth.

              lead sb. to do sth.

              lead to sb. doing sth.

          2. advocate (V: 擁護、提倡； N: 擁護者、提倡者)(這裡當 N，可數)

              V:to publicly say that something should be done; N: someone who publicly supports someone or something

7. A fortuitous meeting with Benjamin Franklin in London motived Thomas Paine to seek his fortune in America.

key： motive 只能當 N 或 adj，沒法當 V，所以整句缺動詞，(C)，應該改成 motivated

詳析： S(meeting) + V(motivated) + O(Thomas) + to V(to seek) ...

單字：1. fortuitous 巧遇的、偶然的、運氣好的 (fortune)

              happening by chance, especially in a way that has a good result

          2. motivate sb. to do sth. 激發

              to make someone want to achieve something and make them willing to work hard in order to do this

8. With the outbreak of hostilities between Great Britian and American Colonies, John Paul Jones traveled to Philadelphia and joined Continental __Naval__.

key： Naval 是 adj，沒法當 joined 的 O，所以缺名詞，(D)，應該改成 Navy

詳析：1. 前半句 With ...... 是 prep 片語，不是 basic element

          2. between A and B

單字：1. Continental (常大寫)(美國獨立前後)北美大陸的

9. Mary Hays McCauley earned the nickname "Mollt Pitcher" by bringing drinking water in a pitcher in a battle while the Revolutionary War.

key： (C)，while 為 conj，前後都需為完整子句，但此題 while 後半只是名詞，則應改用 prep： during

詳析：

單字：1. the Revolutionary War 美國獨立戰爭

10. New Hampshire is known as the "Granite State" ______ provides a substantial amount of the world's granite.

     (A) because of it     (B) because it     (C) it is because     (D) is because it

key： 空格前半有主詞有動詞、結構完整，後半則已有動詞，可知缺 conj，(A) because of 屬 prep 片、(C)、(D) 又多了 is 這個動詞，答案 (B)

詳析： S V conj S V ...

單字：1. granite 花崗岩

          2. substantial 大量的

              large in amount or number

11. It can be extremely risky to play the stock market on Wall Street except you know the mechanism of the market.

key： (D)，except 只是 prep，不是 conj，意思相近的 conj： unless

詳析：1. 「It 虛主詞」 句型，後面的 __to play the stock market ...__ 才是真正主詞

          2. 有 can be 以及 know 兩組動詞，需有 conj 連接

單字：

12. ______ Abigail Adams received no formal schooling, her board-mindedness and intelligence found ample scope.

     (A) But not     (B) Nevertheless     (C) In spite of     (D) Although

key： 有 received 以及 found 兩組動詞，需有 conj： (A)、(D)，但沒有 (A) 的用法，(D)

詳析：1. but 不會出現在句子的第一個字，nervertheless 為 adv，in spite of 為 prep 片

單字：1. receive schooling (receive education)

          2. schooling 學校教育 (名詞加 ing，還是名詞)

              school education

          3. broad-mindedness 廣泛興趣 (字典查沒，自己亂掰的 :p)

              minded: 有...思想的;有...傾向的;對...有熱情(或興趣)的，mindedness: 其名詞，broad-mindedness: 廣泛興趣

          4. ample 大量的,充裕的,寬廣的

              more than enough

          5. scope 眼界;見識

13. Consequently sharks do not have air bags called swim bladder, they will sink if they stop __swimming__.

key： (A)，consequently 是 adv，且意思不合，應改成 Because

詳析：1. 有 do not have、will sink 兩組動詞，需要 conj

          2. called ... 可以視為 adj 子句 __which are called ...__，省略 which are，修飾 bags

          3. 後半句 they will sink if they stop swimming 就是表時間的 adv 子句、條件句，以現在式代未來式，主要子句保持未來式

單字：1. bladder 膀胱,水生植物的氣囊,可充氣的囊袋

              the organ in your body that holds urine; a bag of skin, leather, or rubber

14. According to the opinion of some scientists, dinosaurs are not reptiles moreover birds.

key： (D)，兩個名詞沒法用 moreover 連接，應改用 conj: but

詳析：1. Accoring to ... 為 prep 片，不是 basic element (其後接名詞)

          2. S(dinosaurs) + V(are not) + SC(reptiles)

          3. ... be-V not sth. but sth. 常用用法，可視為省略後結果：「不是...而是...」

單字：

15. Galush was active in the Republican Party as a coalition of free soil and antislavery group in 1854 also was one of its most prominet spokesmen in Congress.

key： (B)，__...was... ...was...__ 兩個動詞，需要 conj，also 只是 adv，應改成 and

詳析：

單字：1. coalition (政黨、國家等)臨時結成的聯盟

              a group of people who join together to achieve a particular purpose, usually a political one

          2. free soil 無奴隸制度

              from Wikipedia

          3. prominent 突出的;卓越的;重要的;著名的

              important,easily seen

16. Although citizens of Latin American countries may call the people in the United States "North Americans",

      __to__ Americans, the term refers to Canadians as well citizens of the United States.

key： (D)，as well: adv 通常用於句尾，應改成 as well as 或者 and (不過，as well as 有強調前者的意味，and 前後兩者相關性低)

詳析：1. to Americans 可以算是「插入語」，並不影響句子整體結構

單字：1. refer to (phrasal verb) 提到,談論,與...關連,參考,參照 (reference)

              refer to somebody/something: Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.

              refer to somebody/something as: He likes to be referred to as 'Doctor Khee'.

              refer to somebody/something by: The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number.

          2. refer 把...歸因(於),認為...起源(於),將...提交,交付,指點,使求助於

              refer somebody/something to somebody: My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.

              refer somebody to something: Readers are referred to the bibliography for further information.

17. The gravity of the Sun constantlt pulls the planets toward it, ______ keeping them in their orbit.

     (A) however     (B) thus     (C) and     (D) moreover

key： 前半句結構完整，後半句 keeping 分詞，無動詞，不需 conj，再考慮意思，只有 (B) 意思符合，thus: adv.

詳析：

單字：

18. Cotton Mather took great interest in the proper training of children, ______ a school for for the education of negros, and ministering personally to his parishioners.

     (A) organize     (B) to organize     (C) organizing     (D) organized

key： 動詞超過 3 個: V₂ 之後全要改 ing，and 保留在最後，S V₁, V₂-ing, ..., and V_n-ing，(C)

詳析： S(Cotton Mather) + V₁(took) ... + V₂-ing(organizing) ..., + and + V₃-ing(ministering) ...

單字：1. take great interest in 對 ... 很有興趣 (take、in)

          2. parishinoer 教區居民(基督教) (parish: 教區,行政區域)

19. Henry Ford, ______, was fascinated by machinery from boyhood.

     (A) whose a natural mechanic     (B) a natural mechanic     (C) a natural mechanic who     (D) as a natural mechanic, he

key： 主詞同位語，(B)

詳析：1. 看這樣兩個逗點隔出空格，大概就知為一插入語，而接在名詞之後的插入語最常是同位語

          2. S(Henry Ford) + 主詞同位語(a natural mechanci) + V (was fascinated) ......

          3. (A) whose 為 adj 子句 conj，其前後皆為完整子句，但本題只有一動詞、只有一完整句子，且所有格之後不會再加冠詞 a

          4. (C) who 為 adj 子句 conj，其前後皆為完整子句，但本題只有一動詞、只有一完整句子，且關係代名詞之後不會有逗號

          5. (D) 若去掉 ", he" 其實可以算對，但加入 he 卻重複代稱主詞，無意義

單字：

20. "I Love Lucy", the longest running show in prime time and syndicated television history, was conceived by Lucy and ______.

     (A) her husband, a cuban band leader     (B) her husband is a cuban band leader

     (C) her husband, a cuban band leader who     (D) her husband, was a cuban band leader

key： 受詞同位語，(A)

詳析： 1. 第一個兩個逗點隔出的插入語就是主詞同位語，__the longest running show in prime time and syndicated television hiestory__ 是 "I Love Lucy" 的同位語

          2. 空格部分則是想考 by 之受詞的同位語，Lucy 及 her husband 是 by 之受詞，__a cuban band leader__ 則是 her husband 的同位語

單字：1. prime time 黃金時段

              the time in the evening when the largest number of people are watching television

          2. syndicate: 通過供稿聯合組織在報刊上同時發表,把...組成企業聯合組織

              to arrange for written work, photographs etc to be sold to a number of different newspapers, magazines etc

          3. conceive 構想出,想像,設想

              to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind

21. ______, conductor Arturo Toscanini was known to ave memorized every note for every instrument in 250 symphonies.

     (A) A famous example being of extraordinary memory     (B) Of extraordinary memory was a famous example    

     (C) A famous example of extraordinary memory     (D) He was a famous example of extraordinary memory

key： (C)，主詞同位語亦可移前

詳析：1. 後面句子結構完整，空格與 S 間沒有 conj → S之同位語

          2. 同位語, S V ... (S 之同位語亦可移前)

          3. (A) being 無意義，(B)、(D) 又多出動詞

          4. was known to ave memorized ... ？？？

單字：1. conductor (合唱團、樂隊等的)指揮

              someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing

          2. note 音符

              a particular musical sound, or a symbol representing this sound

22. ______, the letters of Abigail Adams have been repeatedly republished.

     (A) It is a vital source of social history     (B) It being a vital source of social history    

     (C) A vital source of social history is     (D) A vital source of social history

key： (D)，主詞同位語亦可移前

詳析：1. 同位語三原則裡 3. 數量同(意思上) 的例子，letters 是 a vital source，一複數、一單數，仍符合同位語數量同之原則

          2. 後面句子結構完整，空格與 S 間沒有 conj → S之同位語

          3. 同位語, S V ... (S 之同位語亦可移前)

          4. (B) being 無意義，(A)、(C) 又多了動詞

單字：

23. Reptiles they are the first true land vertebrates and are probably descended from __amphibians__.

key： (A)，they 重複主詞，無意義

詳析：1. the + 序數

          2. probably 跟 頻率 adv 一樣，擺的位置比較嚴：修飾一個 V，擺 V 前；修飾 V 片，擺中間，此處 probably 擺在 are descended from V 片中間，正確

單字：1. reptile 爬蟲類

          2. vertebrate 脊椎動物

          3. be descended from somebody 為...的後裔

              to be related to a person or group who lived a long time ago

          4. amphibian 兩棲動物

24. Snails, crocodiles and snakes they all hibernate in summer to stay from the desert __sun__.

key： (A)，they 重複主詞，無意義

詳析：

單字：1. crocodile 鱷魚

          2. hibernate 冬眠

25. Macaque monkeys living in the cold mountians of Northern Japan they often bathe in the hot springs to stay warm in the winter.

key： (B)，they 重複主詞，無意義

詳析：1. living in the cold muntains of Northern Japan 可以視為 adj 子句省略 which 改 -ing

          2. stay + adj 此處的 stay 可以視作 linking verb 一樣，adj 當作補語

             to continue to be in a particular position, place, or state, without changing

單字：1. spring 泉 (hot spring: 溫泉, spring water: 泉水)

              a place where water comes up naturally from the ground

26. ______, Alexander Graham Bell invented telegraph system.

     (A) As he applied electricity to the production of sound     (B) The application of electricity to the production of sound    

     (C) He applied electricity to the production of sound     (D) Electricity was applied to the production of sound

key： (A)，as 是 conj 可以連接兩個完整子句

詳析：1. 陷阱題，企圖引導成主詞同位語亦可擺前，讓人尋找同位語名詞，但唯一有可能的 (B) 主體是 application 與主詞 Bell 一人一物，不符合同位語三原則裡 2. 性質同

          2. (C)、(D) 皆為完整句子，需有 conj 連接

單字：1. apply something to something 把...用於...

              to use something such as a method, idea, or law in a particular situation, activity, or process

27. Mary Harris Jones, known as Mother Jones, fierce adversaries of capitalists and industrialists, was born in Cork, Ireland.

key： (B)，不符合同位語三原則裡 1. 數量同，應改成 adversary

詳析：1. known as Mother Jones 插入語可視作 adj 子句省略 who is

          2. S(Mary) + 插入語(known ...) + 同位語 (adversary) + V (was born) ...

單字：1. fierce 狂熱的

              a fierce person or animal is angry or ready to attack, and looks very frightening

          2. adversary 敵手

              a country or person you are fighting or competing against

28. Two of Alexander Agassiz's books, Marine Animals of Massachusetts Bay or North American Starfishes, deal with the origin of coral atolls.

key：(B)，應改成 and，才能符合同位語三原則裡 1. 數量同

詳析：1. S同位語(Two of A's books) + S(MAMB and NAS) + V(deal with) + O(the origin)，主詞同位語亦可移前

          2. (B) 之 or 會使得主詞在數量上只為 1，單數，無法與前之主詞同位語數量相同

單字：1. coral 珊瑚 (當 adj 時也可是顏色)

          2. atoll 環狀珊瑚島

29. The obvious answer to the failings of GATT is not to abandon the whole system, ______ to reform it.

     (A) but     (B) and     (C) which     (D) although

key： 就意思上來看，只有 (A) 符合文意，且 __...not...but...__ 算是常見句型

詳析：1. To-V 可當名詞，在本句充當主詞補語

          2. but to reform it 可以視為完整句子： but (the answer is) to reform it 省略重複部分 the answer is

單字：1. answer to sth. 通常解作答案，但其實也可解作解決方法

              a solution of a problem

          2. GATT 關稅暨貿易總協定

              General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

30. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical growth for ______ and boys.

     (A) either girls     (B) both girls     (C) and girls     (D) girls besides

key： (B)，__both A and B__

詳析：1. __either A or B__

單字：1. adolescence 青春期,青少年時期,(文化等的)發育成形階段

              the time, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, when a young person is developing into an adult