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Question 29-39 Adaptions of desert animals (全對！)

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for

reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to __be light in color__, and to

reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal

mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to

keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the

expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to

__what would normally be fever height__, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius

have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during

__the cold desert night__, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as

low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first

few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of

heat does not begin until well into the day.

Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a

point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent

of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after

losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is

the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink__. Desert animals can __drink prodigious

__volumes in a short time__, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a

few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water

__to rehydrate at one session__, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and

because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from __water intoxication__.

The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not

have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung

pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when

__extremely dehydrated__, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under

conditions of moderate thirst.

29. What is the main topic of the passage?

   (A) Weather variations in the desert

   (B) Adaptations of desert animals

   (C) Diseased of desert animals

   (D) Human use of desert animals.

30. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

   (A) It helps them hide from predators.

   (B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.

   (C) It helps them see their young at night

   (D) It keeps them cool at night.

31. The word "maintaining" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

   (A) measuring

   (B) inheriting

   (C) preserving

   (D) delaying

32. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of

   (A) an animal with a low average temperature

   (B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel

   (C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

   (D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature

33. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?

   (A) Just before sunrise

   (B) In the middle of the day

   (C) Just after sunset

   (D) Just after drinking

34. The word "tolerate" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

   (A) endure

   (B) replace

   (C) compensate

   (D) reduce

35. What causes water intoxication?

   (A) Drinking too much water very quickly

   (B) Drinking polluted water

   (C) Bacteria in water

   (D) Lack of water.

36. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

   (A) They do not need to eat much food.

   (B) They can eat large quantities quickly

   (C) They easily lose their appetites.

   (D) They can travel long distances looking for food.

37. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

   (A) To show how they use camels.

   (B) To contrast them to desert mammals.

   (C) To give instructions about desert survival.

   (D) To show how they have adapted to desert life.

38. The word "obtain" in line 23 is closest in meaning to

   (A) digest

   (B) carry

   (C) save

   (D) get

39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?

   (A) Variation in body temperatures

   (B) Eating while dehydrated

   (C) Drinking water quickly

   (D) Being active at night

註釋

• 全文主旨: Adaptions of desert animals
  • light color: to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's ray
  • varation in body temperatures: high in day; low at night; lowest at dawn
  • tolerate the loss of body water
  • replenish water loss at one drink: can drink prodigious volumes in a short time; people can't, water intoxication
  • feed normally when extremely dehydrated

題解

BBCCA AADBD D

29. 整篇就在講各種 adaptions of desert animals

30. to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays

31. maintaining ≒ preserving

32. desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, ...... Grant's gazelles

33. indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn(before sunrise)

34. tolerate ≒ endure

35. a too rapid dilution of the body fluids(drink too much water very quickly) causes death from water intoxication

36. animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.

      (A)(B)(C) 皆無提到相關

37. The camel can lose up to 30 percent ..., whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent...

      Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time ..., A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, ...

38. obtain ≒ get

39. (A)(B)(C) 都有提到

單字

• expenditure 消費;支出 the action of spending or using time, money, energy etc
• gazelle 瞪羚
• dawn 黎明,拂曉 the time at the beginning of the day when light first appears
• buildup 增長 an increase over a period of time
• whereas 卻;然而 (conj) (while)
• replenish 把...裝滿;把...再備足,補充 (re-: again, plen: plenty) to put new supplies into something, or to fill something again
• prodigious 巨大的;龐大的 very large or great in a surprising or impressive way
• imbibe 飲,喝,吸入 to drink something, especially alcohol - sometimes used humorously
• dehydrated 脫水;使乾燥 (de-: apart, hydra-: water)
• rehydrate 使再成水化物 (re-: again, hydra-: water)
• session a period of time used for a particular activity
• dilution 稀釋 (de-: apart, lut: liquid) to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid
• intoxication 醉,狂喜,中毒 (toxic)
• graze (牛,羊等)吃草;放牧; 擦過,掠過 if an animal grazes, or if you graze it, it eats grass that is growing
• far-flung very distant (flung: fling(用力扔擲) 的過去分詞)
• pasture 牧草地,放牧場

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