Grammar_Chen_ch1


Chap 1 句子結構


句子結構要健全

Basic Elelments

adv、adj、prep 片,不是 basic elements,去掉它們對句子結構絲毫沒有影響
做題時注意 SVconj 部分是否以其他詞性搪塞

 

conj、prep、adv

basic elements 中 conj 最易與具連接語氣之 prep、adv 混淆

conjprepadv
whileduring
because, as, forbecause of
so consequently, therefore, thus
and, as well as also, as well
unlessexcept, besidesmoreover
althoughinspite of, despitenevertheless, however
rather than rather, instead

 

意思近,文法上(詞性)卻不同,但通常一個字會有多個詞性,得視句型、意思而定

 

S V O 句型變化 (多個 V 與 and 之關係)

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同位語

同位語位置

一般放在所修飾的 N (S、O) 後面,但 S 之同位語 亦可移前:

 

同位語三原則

  1. 要擴張原來意思

    要延伸、豐富所修飾的 N,若只是以「代名詞」代稱,不算同位語

  2. 性質同

    要與所修飾的 N 同性質

  3. 數量同(意思上)

    要與所修飾的 N 同數量,但此數量是指意思上非文法上

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Conj

對等 conj (前後接相同詞性、相同結構)

 

 

附屬子句 conj (後面接的子句變成從屬)

 

 

注意事項

 

附屬子句大剖析

N 子句basic element,不會冒冒失失跑出來,主要子句必有缺 S or O

 

adj 子句adv 子句不是 basic element,去掉不看絲毫沒有任何影響,主要子句結構完整

 

adj 子句 conj(關代) 在從屬子句裡有N 功能 → 從屬子句裡必缺 S or O

若其結構完整,則考慮 prep + O

 

N 子句 conj adv 子句 conj從屬子句沒有 N 功能其從屬子句結構完整

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It is ... that ... 強調語氣句型

除了 V,都可以強調

I met Mary at the bus station __yesterday__.

ex 1: Health hazards associated with smoking were not discovered until the early fifties__.

→ It was not until the early fifties that ...

ex 2: It was ______ horse-drivers were replaced by modern electric cars that the diner become popular.

(A) not until 1897 when (B) not until 1897 that

(C) not until 1897 where (D) not until 1897 which

答案為 (A),本題 __It is ... that ... 的 that 已在題目中,所以答案非 (B)

 

注意事項

ex 1: It is impossible (to master English in a month).

ex 2: It is certain (that we will succeed).

這裡的 thatN 子句 conj,強調語氣的 that 則只是固定句型

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