Chap 1 句子結構
adv、adj、prep 片,不是 basic elements,去掉它們對句子結構絲毫沒有影響 |
做題時注意 S、V、conj 部分是否以其他詞性搪塞 |
basic elements 中 conj 最易與具連接語氣之 prep、adv 混淆
conj | prep | adv |
while | during | |
because, as, for | because of | |
so | consequently, therefore, thus | |
and, as well as | also, as well | |
unless | except, besides | moreover |
although | inspite of, despite | nevertheless, however |
rather than | rather, instead |
意思近,文法上(詞性)卻不同,但通常一個字會有多個詞性,得視句型、意思而定 |
(S、V、O 超過一個,以 and 連接)
→ S V1 and , V2-ing
→ S V1, V2-ing
(V 有 2 個,以 and 連接) (若死都不要 and: 去 and → 加逗點 → 改 ing)
→ S V1, V2-ing, ..., and Vn-ing
(V 超過 3 個: V2 之後全要改 ing → and 保留在最後)
一般放在所修飾的 N (S、O) 後面,但 S 之同位語 亦可移前:
(前後有逗號區隔,與前之 S 沒有 conj)
(與前之 O 沒有 conj)
(後面句子結構完整,與 S 間沒有 conj)
要延伸、豐富所修飾的 N,若只是以「代名詞」代稱,不算同位語
要與所修飾的 N 同性質
要與所修飾的 N 同數量,但此數量是指意思上,非文法上
but: 前後意思相反 and: 前後相關性低(獨立) as well as: 強調前者
when, before, after, since, until (time)
where, because, although, so ... that ...,
no matter how adj (or adv), even though
(what 在從屬子句裡亦有N 功能)
whenever = any time when
(不需後位修飾前面的 N)
例外: 1. " " 內可亂搞 2. 否定 conj 放句首
若其結構完整,則考慮 prep + O
勿與關代 that混為一談
(what 例外,它雖為N 子句 conj,但仍有 N 功能)
I met Mary at the bus station __yesterday__.
ex 1: Health hazards associated with smoking were not discovered until the early fifties__. → It was not until the early fifties that ... |
ex 2: It was ______ horse-drivers were replaced by modern electric cars that the diner become popular. (A) not until 1897 when (B) not until 1897 that (C) not until 1897 where (D) not until 1897 which 答案為 (A),本題 __It is ... that ... 的 that 已在題目中,所以答案非 (B) |
ex 1: It is impossible (to master English in a month). ex 2: It is certain (that we will succeed). 這裡的 that 是 N 子句 conj,強調語氣的 that 則只是固定句型 |